• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develope the new solid separating system which can be efficiently and economically removed the solid parts in high pollutants concentration of pig slurry. The pollutants concentration, BOD$_{5}$ , COD and SS of the slurry used in this study was 15,990($\pm$2,389)mg/l, 20,004($\pm$5,512)mg/l and 26,486($\pm$5,935)mg/l, respectively. After removal of solid part in slurry, the pollutants concentration, BOD$_{5}$, COD and SS was change into 5,617($\pm$690)mg/l, 5,553($\pm$633)mg/land 1,456($\pm$341)mg/l, respectively in the Fixed biological membrane tank. The reduction of the pollutants concentration of suspend liquid through membrane will be allowed to greatly improve the water purification by an Activated sludge method. This separating system consisted of a temporary storage, a circulating tank and a Fixed Biological membrane tank. A temporary storage which has a draining system of screw type and an aeration device played a tremendous role in draining the solid by filled an aeration of 0.3 l/min. A Fixed Biological membrane tank of which a styrofoam filled in a 2/3 volume as a Biological media was fixed by a stainless steel net (pore size : 0.5mm) to separate the liquid layer of influx in them. The separating system efficiency factors were the speed of screw motor, cycle number of slurries in a circulating tank and moisture contents of solid effluent through the screw path. Although the pollutants concentration was very variable in temporary storage, the final concentration of $BOD_5$ and SS, except COD of the suspended liquid in a Fixed biological membrane were not different regardless of cycle number of a circulating tank. Moisture contents of effluent from temporary storage was 73% under the speed 1 ppm of screw motor and 62% under the 1/4rpm of it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.411-418
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• 2014

Three mushroom mycelia, Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceum, and Phellinus linteus, were separately diluted with the natural culture media Acanthopanax senticosus. Solid-state fermentation was used to produce three different A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelium groups: G. lucidum mycelia, H. erinaceum mycelia, and P. linteus mycelia. The resulting mycelia were analyzed to assess their efficacies as health functional foods. Optimized fermentation conditions were determined by considering the density and growth speed of mycelia in each A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelium group. The cultured mushroom mycelia under the optimized conditions were extracted using water and 70% ethanol. Extraction was followed by filtration, concentration and freeze-drying to produce extract powder of A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelia: Water extracts (FM-5111, FM-5121, and FM-5131) and 70% ethanol extracts (FM-5112, FM-5122, and FM-5132). Analysis of extract powder of A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelia was performed using the maker compounds eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E. Analysis of ${\beta}$-glucan contents was performed by enzymatic procedures.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 2011

Following the proliferation of three-dimensional video contents and displays, many terrestrial broadcasting companies have been preparing for stereoscopic 3DTV service. In terrestrial stereoscopic broadcast, it is a difficult task to code and transmit two video sequences while sustaining as high quality as 2DTV broadcast due to the limited bandwidth defined by the existing digital TV standards such as ATSC. Thus, a terrestrial 3DTV broadcasting with a heterogeneous video codec system, where the left image and right images are based on MPEG-2 and H.264/AVC, respectively, is considered in order to achieve both high quality broadcasting service and compatibility for the existing 2DTV viewers. Without significant change in the current terrestrial broadcasting systems, we propose a joint rate control scheme for stereoscopic 3DTV service based on the heterogeneous dual codec systems. The proposed joint rate control scheme applies to the MPEG-2 encoder a quadratic rate-quantization model which is adopted in the H.264/AVC. Then the controller is designed for the sum of the left and right bitstreams to meet the bandwidth requirement of broadcasting standards while the sum of image distortions is minimized by adjusting quantization parameter obtained from the proposed optimization scheme. Besides, we consider a condition on maintaining quality difference between the left and right images around a desired level in the optimization in order to mitigate negative effects on human visual system. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bit rate control scheme outperforms the rate control method where each video coding standard uses its own bit rate control algorithm independently in terms of the increase in PSNR by 2.02%, the decrease in the average absolute quality difference by 77.6% and the reduction in the variance of the quality difference by 74.38%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to investigate the current meal management situation and nutritional knowledge of the housewives living in Yong-dong area during the period February 10 th to 25th in 1984. Among the housewives who responded, 83.5% of them said that they didn't develop a budget for the meal planning, nor a menu plan. 31.7% of the housewives purchased foodstuffs once for 2 days, whereas the remainder did daily purchasing between meal when they needed foodstuffs. They gave higher score to the taste than to nutrition when they prepared meals. Most of the housewives concerned about good snacks, and they responded that it was hard to correct the unbalanced diet. 36.4% of the housewives earned the knowledge and information on dietary life through the media of radio, television, newspapers, or magazines. 57.9% of them learned how to cook in a cooking class, and sometimes they experimented it (how to cook) on their everyday life. Most of them concerned about nutritional status of their family members. This study showed that the degree of knowledge about nutrition was generally low. They said that they knew well about infant and child nutrition, the harm of the unbalanced diet and fatness, nutrition of the pregnancy and lactation. They thought they had enough knowledge about the foodstuffs for the growth of the children, the relationship between food and nutrition, constituents in milk, nutrition of old men. In general, thr nutrition knowledge of the housewives was correspondingly higher to their higher education levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.329-339
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• 1996

This study is to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal development, growth, nutrient absorption of P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius(Pt. KJ-1) in relation to toxic materials in soil. The concentrations on copper solution applied to the soils were 0, 40, 120, 260, 430ppm. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The germination of P. thunbergii with Pt. increased greater than without ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal development showed a significant decreasing trend at high concentration, and tolerant Cu test with Pt. in agar plate media showed a decreasing trend at a high level. 2. P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with Pt. showed that the shoot length was significantly promoted at 40, 120ppm copper levels, and that of noninoculated seedlings had the lowest effect in 430ppm copper level. 3. The outer shape of ectomycorrhizal root tips after inoculating Pt. on P. thunbergii seedlings appeared as a monopodial type, a fern-like type, and a cluster-like type at 0ppm, 40ppm levels, but only monopodial type came out at 260ppm, 430ppm copper levels. 4. Root length, no. of juvenile leaves, total length of juvenile leaves, total dry weight, no. of needles and total length of needles of P. thunbergii with Pt. increased greater than those of noninoculated seedling. Growth response of P. thunbergii seedling inoculated with Pt. increased significantly at 40ppm, 120ppm Cu levels. 5. As a result of analysis of growth medium, pH, Na, CEC increased at higher Cu level, and total nitrogen, organic matters, available phosphorous, K, Ca and Mg decreased at 40ppm, 120ppm Cu levels. As a result of an analysis about a copper within soils, it appeared having high Cu-concentration at 0ppm level of an inoculated Pt. and high Cu-concentration in noninoculated Pt. than in inoculated Pt. at higher level. 6. As a result of an analysis of shoot, N, P, and K-concentration were higher in noninoculated seedlings than in inoculated seedlings, and Cu-concentration was higher in inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. The analysis of root resulted in a high N-concentration at 40ppm, 120ppm levels, in a high P-concentration in inoculated seedlings and in a high Cu-concentration in noninoculated seedlings. Cu-concentration was significantly higher at root than at shoot.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 1996

The effects of growth regulators, sucrose and gelling agents were investigated to increase the efficiency of the callus growth and plant regenerarion in tissue culture of Angelica koreana Max. The fresh weight and dry weight of subcultured callus was highest in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D. Callus growth was excellent in 2% sucrose, but it was inhibited in propotion to sucrose content. Effect of gelling agents on callus growth was highest on 1.2% agar and 0.4% Gelrite medium, respectively. The browning of callus was protected on the media supplemented with 10 mg/l ABA and 5 or 10 mg/l $AgNO_3$. In the callus induction and growth from the peduncle of immature inflorescence, 2,4-D was more effective than NAA, and the frequency of callus induction was highest as 81.7% in 2 mg/l 2,4-D. Plant was not regenerated from the callus derived from young leaf. Somatic embryos were developed from the surface of callus drived from the peduncle of immature inflorescence in the medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l kinetin, 5 mg/l ABA and 5 mg/l $AgNO_3$. Plants were developed from the matured somatic embryos in the medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l kinetin.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.203-217
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• 2018

The research objective of this study is to analyze the aspects of small group decision-making process based on reading news reports in the context of the socio-scientific issues (SSI) activity related to climate change. Twenty-two high school students from Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, were asked to read two news reports on the UN climate change conferences and take a stance on joining the Paris Agreement both as an individual and as a small group. The news reports were analyzed in terms of genre, discourse, and style adapting the critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the decision-making processes of the small groups were examined on recognizing a problem and evaluating alternatives and decisions. The results from analyzing the news reports denoted that the Paris agreement is not only related to finding ideal solutions to climate change, but rather, connected to political or economic interests and power relationship. In the stage of recognizing a problem, meanwhile, different frames which students recognize the Paris agreement and discourses in the foreground of the news reports were the critical causes in terms of identifying the problem. In the stage of evaluating alternatives and decisions, the equity and fairness were the criteria for the small group discussions. This study implies the necessity of the scientific literacy instruction to develop the ability to critical reading in the context of the SSI.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.389-398
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• 2012

Virtual worlds have pursued reality as if they actually exist. In order to evaluate the sense of reality in the computer-simulated worlds, several subjective questionnaires, which include specific independent variables, have been proposed in the literature. However, the questionnaires lack reliability and validity necessary for defining and measuring the virtual realization. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of visual factors on the sense of reality experienced by exposing to a virtual environment. Therefore, this study was aimed at reinvestigating the variables and proposing a more reliable and advisable questionnaire for evaluating the virtual realization, focusing on visual factors. Twenty-one questions were gleaned from the literature and subjective interviews with focused groups. Exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation was performed on the data obtained from 200 participants(females: 100) after exposing to a virtual character image described in an extreme way. After removing poorly loading items, remained subsets were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis on the data obtained from the same participants. As a result, 3 significant factors were determined to efficiently measure the virtual realization. The determined factors included visual presence(3 subset items), visual immersion(7 subset items), and visual interactivity(4 subset items). The proposed factors were verified by conducting a subjective evaluation in which participants were asked to evaluate a 3D virtual eyeball model based on the visual presence. The results implicated that the measurement method was suitable for evaluating the degree of the virtual realization. The proposed method is expected to reasonably measure the degree of the virtual realization.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.243-277
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• 2020

This paper examines a social and cultural history of horror films through the keyword "technology", focusing on The Spark of Fear: Technology, Society and the Horror Film (2015) written by Brian N. Duchaney. Science fiction film is closely connected with technology in film genres. On the other hand, horror films have been explained in terms of nature/supernatural. In this regard, The Spark of Fear, which accounts for horror film history as (re)actions to the development of technology, is remarkable. Early horror films which were produced under the influence of gothic novels reflected the fear of technology that had been caused by industrial capitalism. For example, in the film Frankenstein (1931), an angry crowd of people lynch the "monster", the creature of technology. This is the action which is aroused by the fear of technology. Furthermore, this mob behavior is suggestive of an uprising of people who have been alienated by industrial capitalism during the Great Depression. In science fiction horror films, which appeared in the post-war boom, the "other" that manifests as aliens is the entity that destroys the value of prosperity during post-war America. While this prosperity is closely related to the life of the middle class in accordance with the suburbanization, the people live conformist lives under the mantle of technologies such as the TV, refrigerator, etc. In the age of the Vietnam War, horror films demonize children, the counter-culture generation against a backdrop of the house that is the place of isolation and confinement. In this place, horror arises from the absolute absence of technology. While media such as videos, internet, and smartphones have reinforced interconnectedness with the outside world since the 1980s, it became another outside influence that we cannot control. "Found-footage" and "torture porn" which were rife in post-9/11 horror films show that the technologies of voyeurism/surveillance and exposure/exhibitionism are near to saturation. In this way, The Spark of Fear provides an opportune insight into the present day in which the expectation and fear of the progress of technology are increasingly becoming inseparable from our daily lives.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1977

Acetylene-ethylene($C_2H_2-C_2H_4$) assay was carried out to find the heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing activities and distribution of nitrogen fixers in eleven different soil series which are located in Kyeonggi province. Following are the summaries of this study. 1. Acetylene-reducing activities were higher in Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Buyong series which are derived from fluviomarine deposite than in Yeongsan, Hamchang and Pyeongtack series which are observed from continental alluvial plain. The lowest activities are observed in Yecheon, Hoegog, and Jisan series which are situated in local valley region. 2. Estimated amouts of $N_2$ per annum fixed by $N_2$-fixing heterotrophs were about 3.2kg in fuluvio marine soils, 2.6kg in continental alluvial plain and 2.0kg/10a in local valley region, respectively. 3. Azotobacter and Beijerinckia were not detected in any of the ten different soil series except in Pyeongtaeg series. However, Clostridia, anaerobic nitrogen fixer, was detected in order of ${\times}10^2$. It is assumed that these population are not enough to contribute to the nitrogen supply by the biological fixation in paddy soil. 4. For the assesment of heterotrophic nitrogen fixation in paddy soil, it must be presumed that aerobes, anaerobes and phototrophs which can grow on nitrogen free media may greatly contribute for the asymbiotic netrogen fixation.