• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1977

The present study was undertaken to find the factors affecting academic achievement in a nursing school. 172 students were selected for this study and were divided into higher & lower 12 percent. Tools & measures used for this study were the interest test, personality test, test of self-concept, test of adjustment & school achievement. The major findings obtained from this study were as follows : 1. Factors affecting school achievement except intellectuality were thus : 1) Artistic interest, literary interest, scientific interest biological & scientific interest -physical affected the academic achievement . 2) Sociability, reasonability, depression & refractiveness affected the academic achievement. 3) Self criticism, total positive self-score, & personal self - score affected the academic achievement. 4) Adjustment to school, personal economics, health & value Morality affected the academic achievement. 2. Correlation between school achievement & interest, personality, self-concept or adjustment in the higher 81 lower group were thus; 1) There was a significant relationship between academic achievement & the following: artistic interest, scientific interest-biological, scientific interest-physical, out-door interest, refractiveness, sociability, responsibility, depression, self satis faction- score, personal self -score, social self - score, self behavior score, adjustment to school, health & values morality in the higher group. 2) There were no significant factors related with academic achievement in the lower group. 3. Difference or difference in relationship between higher & lower group in the interest, personality, self-concept & adjustment were as follows, : 1) There was a significant difference between higher & lower group in artistic -interest. literary interest, scientific interest-biological , out-door interest, sociability, depression, refractiveness, self criticism, total positive self score, personal self score, adjustment to school, personal economics, health & values morality. 2) There was a significant difference in relationships between higher & lower group in artistic interest, scientific interest, scientific 3) There was a significant difference in relationships between higher 8E lower group in artistic interest, scientific interest -biological, out -door interest , sociability, responsibility, refractiveness, depression, self identity score, self satisfaction score, adjustment to school, health, personality & value morality.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.641-651
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• 2003

This study suggests the hybrid models for interest rate forecasting using structural changes (or change points). The basic concept of this proposed model is to obtain significant intervals caused by change points, to identify them as the change-point groups, and to reflect them in interest rate forecasting. The model is composed of three phases. The first phase is to detect successive structural changes in the U. S. Treasury bill rate dataset. The second phase is to forecast the change-point groups with data mining classifiers. The final phase is to forecast interest rates with backpropagation neural networks (BPN). Based on this structure, we propose three hybrid models in terms of data mining classifier: (1) multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA)-supported model, (2) case-based reasoning (CBR)-supported model, and (3) BPN-supported model. Subsequently, we compare these models with a neural network model alone and, in addition, determine which of three classifiers (MDA, CBR and BPN) can perform better. For interest rate forecasting, this study then examines the prediction ability of hybrid models to reflect the structural change.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2000년도 추계정기학술대회:지능형기술과 CRM
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• pp.417-426
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• 2000

This study suggests integrated neural network models for Interest rate forecasting using change-point detection, classifiers, and classification functions based on structural change. The proposed model is composed of three phases with tee-staged learning. The first phase is to detect successive and appropriate structural changes in interest rare dataset. The second phase is to forecast change-point group with classifiers (discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and backpropagation neural networks) and their. combined classification functions. The fecal phase is to forecast the interest rate with backpropagation neural networks. We propose some classification functions to overcome the problems of two-staged learning that cannot measure the performance of the first learning. Subsequently, we compare the structured models with a neural network model alone and, in addition, determine which of classifiers and classification functions can perform better. This article then examines the predictability of the proposed classification functions for interest rate forecasting using structural change.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권5호특별호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2005

The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of difficulty and the causes of the difficulties in science instruction reported by elementary teachers and students. The secondary purpose was to suggest the effective methods to both of them to improve the efficiency of science instruction. For this study, the survey was carried out on 322 students and 156 teachers in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. The questionnaires consisted of interest, difficulty and its factors. The results of this investigation are summarized as follows; 1. Teachers had relatively higher interest than students in science instruction content(textbook). Furthermore, the units that teachers showed interest differed from those that students had. This means that there is a significant difference of interest in instruction process between teachers and students. 2. Teachers felt much higher difficulty than students in the content of science instruction. This shows that the degree of interest might have little relation with that of difficulty, and that teaching of science seemed more difficult than teaming. Moreover, there was a difference of difficulty in the units between the teachers and students. The result shows a distinctive difference of difficulty in 8 units of the 3rd grade, 9 units n the 4th grade, and 12 units in the 5th grade (p<.05, p<.001, p<.005, respectively). It means that the difficulty depended on the units. 3. Students responded that they are responsible for difficulty factors of teaming, otherwise teachers thought that students are responsible for it, when the factors were divided into student factor, teacher factor, and curriculum factor. 4. Students demanded many experiments in the lab as well as easy and interesting instructions in order to reduce the degree of difficulty and to improve the condition of science instructions. However, teachers demanded the expansion of experimental equipments and materials as well as the improvement of the lab condition.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.305-319
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• 2002

International capital movement has made progress at global liberalization of finance and foreign exchange, international monetary norm changing into floating exchange rate system, easiness of collection of information and trade at improvement of information communication technology from early of 1970's. Results of empirical test for relation between foreign exchange rate or various determination factors of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. First, according to relation between foreign exchange rate and interest rate, correlation for each of variables after OECD entrance is increased. But, long-term ＆short-term interest rate is affected by Hanbo ＆ Kia's bankruptcy, continuous large scale coporates bankruptcy and crisis of foreign exchange. Therefore, financial instability is occured. If portfolio investment fund has been inflow as it is mollified by continuous shortage of foreign exchange and fall of country's credit rating, it is expected to have positive effect for long-term & short-term interest rate from appreciation of won against dollar. Second, results from relation between determination factor of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. If surplus of current account and goods account is continued, yield of corporate bond is to be stable. But, margin of surplus is expected to diminish after second quarter 98, and difference between external and domestic interest (after adjusting foreign exchange rate) is to be diminished. And if net inflows of foreign investor's fund (stock and bond) is diminished, it is to have negative effect for yield of corporate bond. According to foreign investor's investment movement of previous years, hedge md were stayed at least during two years in Mexico. It means that sudden capital outflow is not to be happened at Korea. But if external factors from depreciation of yen and China's renminbi are instable, interest rate is expected to increase from capital's outflows. Third, if it is to decrease instability of foreign exchange rate from increase in surplus of future current account, credit rating's upwardness, stability of yen and renminbi, foreign exchange rate is expected to be stable. It is expected to have continuous stability from short-term interest rate to long-term interest rate in this empirical test.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.445-455
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• 2016

본 연구는 과학학업성취와 관련된 주요 정의적 변인들인 흥미, 자기조절능력, 과제집착력이 투지(Grit)와 어떤 구조적 관계를 보이는지를 탐색하고자 하였다. 고등학교 학생 180명(남학생 77명, 여학생 103명)이 투지, 흥미, 자기조절능력, 과제집착력과 과학학업성취(중간시험, 기말시험점수)를 조사하는 설문에 답하였다. 본 연구자들은 위 다섯 가지 요인들과 관련된 선행연구 고찰을 바탕으로 하여 두 개의 가설모형을 설정하였다. 하나의 가설모형에서는 투지가 흥미에 영향을 주고, 투지가 다시 자기조절능력과 과제집착력에 영향을 미치며, 이 후 자기조절능력과 과제집착력이 과학학업성취에 영향을 미치는 모형으로, 이모형에서는 흥미가 자기조절능력과 과제집착력에 간접적으로 영향을 주고, 그 사이를 투지가 매개하는 것으로 가정하였다. 이와 다른 모형에서는 투지와 흥미가 독립적인 요인으로 작용하여, 각각 자기조절능력과 과제집착력에 영향을 미치는 모형으로 가정하였다. 수집된 자료와 가설모형을 바탕으로 하여 요인간의 상관관계와 모형의 적합도 확인을 위해 구조방정식 분석을 실행하였다. 그 결과를 통해 학생들의 투지와 흥미는 독립적인 요인으로 작용하는 모형이 최적의 모형으로 선택되었다. 또한 과제집착력이 흥미와 자기조절능력과 깊은 상관관계를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 연구에 참여한 남학생과 여학생 집단 간의 변인별 상관관계 비교를 통해 투지와 흥미, 과제집착력, 자기조절능력, 그리고 학업성취 간의 구조적 관계가 남학생과 여학생에게서 다르게 나타날 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 그동안 중요하게 연구되지 않았던 투지와 과제집착력과 같은 요인들에 대한 조사를 제안한다. 투지와 과제집착력에 대한 연구를 통해 학생들의 흥미가 감소하는 원인과 학생들이 어렸을 때 가졌던 과학에 대한 흥미를 유지하기 위한 방안을 탐색할 수 있으며, 과학학업성취와 관련된 다양한 정의적 요인들에 대해 조사하는 연구가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

The study is aimed at investigating the main factors that affect the interest rate yields, in the long-term. In addition, the study surveys the theories and literature relating to the determinants of interest rate. The importance of which is essential not only for governments, but also for banks and corporate financial risk management decisions, including risk exposures in banks and capital markets. Interest rate influences corporate profit as well as growth. For this purpose, the study examines the impact of budget deficit, risk-free rate, capital inflows, money supply and business cycles on real interest rate in Jordan. These factors are based upon well-established theories and straightforward practical view as interest rate determinants. Using data for (1990-2015), the study employed Johansen's co-integrating test, which takes into consideration the long-term unsynchronized relationships. The data is tested for normality, symmetric correlations, covariance diagonal and unit root. The results show that the government budget deficit, short-term risk-free interest rate, capital inflows, money supply and business cycle are long-term determinants of the real interest rate in Jordan. The coefficients of government budget deficit, short-term risk-free rate, money supply and business cycle all are inversely affecting the real interest rate, while capital inflows has a positive impact on the real interest rate.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.239-254
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• 2001

The in-depth learning course newly established in the 7th National Curriculum of Science is for students who have mastered regular subject matters on a science topic and want to learn it more deeply or by different ways. Individual learners have their own unique intellectual properties. The study examined the effects of in-depth science learning using multiple intelligence activities on the science inquiry abilities and interests of elementary school children. This study involved two fifth-grade science classes in Busan. Each class was assigned to comparison and experimental group. The science topics covered during the period of the study were Units of Matter and Earth. After studying each regular content formulated by the National Curriculum, the students of comparison group experienced traditional practices of in-depth science, whereas those of experimental one performed the Multiple Intelligence(MI) activities related to the content. Students of both groups were pre- and posttested using the inventories of Science Inquiry Ability and Science Interest. Also, after instruction on the topics, students were interviewed to collect more information related to their loaming. The results are as follows. First, the science inquiry abilities of children were increased by using activities based on MI during the in-depth science teaming. Two inquiry processes, that is, the Prediction which is regarded as one of the basic process skills in science and the Generalization regarded as one of integrated process skills showed statistically significant differences between the groups, although the differences of other skills not significant but more improvements in experimental group than comparison one. Second, the in-depth science loaming through MI contributed to the increasing of interests of the children in science. The scores on Science Interest measured in pretest and posttest with the two groups showed st statistically significant difference. For interest in science instruction, children of experimental group showed high level of interest for the various MI activities, and, although the comparison groups' level of the interest was low, they revealed that they want to experience the MI activities in future instruction of science. Interviews with the children randomly selected from the experimental group when they completed the in-depth programs showed that most of them had much interest in MI activities. Especially, they attributed significant meanings to the experiences of teaming with their friends and doing activities that they want to do. These findings have important implications about usefulness of MI in science instruction. The results also highlight the need for science teachers to provide a variety of experiences and to create environments which encourage the children to use MI to learn a science topic.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2016

본 연구는 플립드러닝 환경에서 학습성과를 높이기 위해 고려해야 할 지침을 얻고자, 플립드러닝 성과변인으로 수업흥미, 과학흥미, 학업성취도를 선정하였고, 이를 예측하는 요인으로 내재적 동기, 자기조절을 선정하여 이들의 예측력을 규명하였다. 이를 위해 2015학년도 1학기에 서울 지역의 A 중학교 1학년 학생 44명을 대상으로 약 5주 동안 과학수업에서 플립드러닝을 진행하였으며, 수업 종료 후 학습자의 설문을 수거하여 상관분석 및 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 플립드러닝 환경에서 내재적 동기는 수업흥미와 과학흥미를 유의하게 예측하였고, 자기조절은 학업성취도를 유의하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 플립드러닝 환경에서 학습자의 학습성과를 높이기 위해서는 내재적 동기, 자기조절을 증진시키는 교수학습전략이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.40-52
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• 2022

참여형 과학문화 확산의 일환으로 지속되어 온 생활과학교실은 효과적인 학교 밖 체험·탐구 활동으로서 과학의 대중화에 앞장서왔다. 그러나 최근의 코로나19 상황으로 생활과학교실 역시 비대면으로 전환하거나 대면-비대면 교육을 조합할 수밖에 없는 환경이 되었으며, 이러한 교육의 변화가 여전히 학생들의 과학에 대한 관심과 흥미를 제고하는데 효과적인지 검토가 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 비대면 생활과학교실 프로그램에 참여한 초등학생들의 평소 관심 분야, 과학기술에 대한 인식, 과학에 대한 관심과 흥미, 과학적 역량이 어떻게 변화되는지 확인하고 학생과 학부모들의 인식 차이를 비교함으로써 비대면 생활과학교실의 교육 효과성을 제고하고 향후 운영 방안에 대해 모색하였다. 연구 결과 비대면 생활과학교실 프로그램 참여 이후 학생들은 과학기술 발전이나 미래기술, 환경오염, SNS에 대한 관심 등이 높아지고 게임에 대한 관심이 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 또한 과학기술 활동에 대한 관심, 과학에 대한 흥미, 과학적 역량도 증가하여 비대면 생활과학교실의 교육 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 생활과학교실의 학습 주제와 내용 수준을 다양화하고 소외된 학습자들에게 비대면 과학 학습의 기회를 확대하며, 최신 미디어를 활용한 과학콘텐츠 개발과 공유가 필요함을 제언하였다.