• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.660-661
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• 2015

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a nascent technology in Korea, and currently lacks formal guidelines to assist Architectural and Engineering (AE) firms in estimating BIM service fees, while also allowing government agencies to allocate budgets for the rendered BIM services. This research provides a method to estimate costs for BIM services based on the cost-plus pricing framework. The approach requires a generalized estimate of the man hour per floor area data to calculate the direct labor costs. Man-hour data were collected from forty five projects that have implemented BIM. Interpolation of the man-hours was performed to develop a general reference table for 'Type 2' (i.e., public schools and office buildings, etc.) projects. By providing an objective approach for estimating the costs of BIM services, it allows clients and AE firms to agree upon a fair cost for BIM related services, and thus expedite its adoption in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.418-423
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• 2007

Meats with alginate binders including sodium alginate, glucono-delta-lactone and calcium carbonate were tested in restructured steaks made from M. pectoralis profundus of beef steers in terms of meat quality and binding ability by tumbling time. The treatment with 25 min tumbling time was significantly lower (p<0.05) for crude protein than 5 and 15 min, while higher (p<0.05) for moisture content. This corresponded with sensory panel juiciness ratings, which showed the treatment for longer tumbling times to be significantly juicier (p<0.05) than that for a shorter time. Cooking loss decreased (p<0.05) linearly with an increased tumbling time, and Kramer shear force also significant decreased (p<0.05) with tumbling time. This corresponded with sensory panel tenderness ratings, which showed that the treatment for longer tumbling times was more tender (p<0.05). The texture results indicated that longer tumbling time had lower (p<0.05) hardness and chewiness values. Sensory panels ranked binding ability in the order 5 min, 15 min and 25 min from best to worst, and the overall acceptability for slices from roasts of treatments for 5 and 15 min were rated by the sensory panelists as moderate to very acceptable, but those for 25 min were rated as fair to moderate.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-133
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• 2018

Since the beginning of the millennium, 'Maker Movement' has been active throughout the world. Today, there is a maker fair every year in major cities of the world including Seoul, and the number of attendees is increasing day by day, so it can be seen as a kind of maker 'phenomenon'. The positive implication of the maker's movement is that it attempts to break down the monopoly of manufacturing and to restore the rights and capabilities of citizens as makers. Today, highly developed industrial capitalism has a tendency to structurally paralyse citizens, to tie their hands and feet, and to degenerate into consuming entities only. Therefore, it can be said that the maker movement has structural tensions in the relationship of neoliberal manufacturing culture. This study is an attempt to actively interpret the maker movement in terms of "critical making". The maker movement can trace its origins to "counterculture" and "new communalism" that emerged in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. On the other hand, there is criticism that the maker movement can fall into another technology utopianism and function as an area of consumer society, and mobilize it in the direction of activating consumerism. Although the maker's movement is amorphous due to its characteristics and it is currently in progress, it is difficult to make crude definition yet. However, as the citizens who have been defined only as consumers of science and technology, are newly emerging as producers of makers, there have been great changes in the topography of science and technology and civil society. So the scientific implication of the maker movement is great in that it shows the possibility of causing it.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.628-638
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• 2010

This study examined the current status of caution labels on cooking utensils made from plastics or glass, toward suggesting improvements in labeling for consumer's safe use. Distributors were categorized into four types, plastic kitchen utensils were categorized into seven types according to usage, and glass kitchen utensils were categorized into two types. Generally, the percentage of cooking utensils made from plastics or glass that have caution labels were not high. For the types of labels on cooking utensils made from plastic and glass, stickers were the most frequently used, and of these, a high percentage scored "fair" in label perception. On the basis of these results, regulations are needed to strengthen caution labels for kitchen utensils.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.227-242
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• 2012

This research explores the scientific reasoning of pre-service elementary teachers in experimental design. The article focuses on pre-service teachers' responses to the questions in the worksheets which involve making their knowledge claims on extinguishing of a burning candle in a closed container, evaluating anomalous data, and designing experiment to test their ideas. Their responses are interpreted in terms of categories developed by Tytler and Peterson(2003, 2004). The interrelationship between conceptual knowledge and scientific reasoning is explored using the data. It is argued that coordination of ideas and evidence must be emphasized in the scientific investigations rather than fair test.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-135
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• 2004

The purpose of the study is to suggest preferable future strategies for interlibrary use of e-journal. For this purpose, the study reviewed the meaning of interlibrary use for e-journal in the digital environment and the disputes about it, and analyzed several license clauses for interlibrary use.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2000

In this paper, we introduce a point-to-multipoint minimum cost flow problem with convex and demand splitting. A source node transmits the traffic along the tree that includes members of the point-to-multipoint connection. The traffic is replicated by the nodes only at branch points of the tree. In order to minimize the sum of arc costs, we assume that the traffic demand can be splitted and transmitted to destination nodes along different trees. If arc cost is linear, the problem would be a Steiner tree problem in networks eve though demand splitting is permitted. The problem would be applied in transmitting large volume of traffic from a serve to clients in Internet environments. Optimality conditions of the problem are presented in terms of fair tree routing. The proposed algorithm is a finite terminating algorithm for $\varepsilon$-optimal solution. convergence of the algorithm is obtained under monotonic condition and strict convexity of the cost function. Computational experiences are included.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2000

This study is to analysis copyright law to relate online transmission and digitised of information in order to promote information sharing in knowledge society. The regulations on the copyright law revised in December 1999 relating to digital information and online transmission for fair use. It suggest to draw up a plan at legal change and what is the library.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.327-358
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• 2002

The study has Proceeded through examining and analyzing related laws and articles on library exemption relating to reproduction and transmission in digital environment. First of all, the study investigates and analyzes in detail the changes and characteristics of the regulation of library exemption in WCT, EU, U.S., Japan, and Australia. After analyzing of the article 28 in current Copyright Act and amended proposal for Copyright Act in Korea, it found the regulation to be inadequate. As a result of the legal analysis, this paper is proposing a revised plan of the article 28 in the Copyright Act of Korea.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.1521-1524
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• 2001

네트워크에서 다양한 애플리케이션의 서비스 성능을 저하시키는 불공정 큐잉 문제를 해결하기 위해 현재 공정 큐잉 분야가 활발히 연구중이다. 그 중에서 DRR(Deficit Round Robin)은 작업 복잡도가 낮고 구현이 간단한 기법으로 이전 라운드에서의 서비스 결손량을 다음 라운드에서 서비스하도록 하여 공정한 서비스를 보장하는 기법이다. 그러나 엔터프라이즈 환경과 같은 고속 네트워크 환경에서 최대 수 kbyte 이상의 패킷 사이즈를 가지는 서비스들에 대해 불필요한 SQ(Service Quantum) 재설정 횟수 및 라운드 순회 횟수로 인한 지연시간 증가를 일으킨다. 본 논문에서는 매 라운드마다 전송을 앞둔 패킷의 사이즈를 고려하여 SQ를 동적으로 설정하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 각 큐의 가장 앞쪽에 있는 패킷들 중 사이즈가 아무리 큰 패킷도 현재 라운드에서 서비스될 수 있고, 패킷을 처리하는데 있어서의 작업 복잡도 또한 최소화하는 기법으로 다양한 애플리케이션들에 대한 지연시간을 최소화한다.