• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2008

악성종양을 치료하는데 있어서 수술, 화학요법, 방사선 치료 등을 포함한 항암치료는 악성도의 증가를 방지할 뿐만 아니라 항암제의 독성과 용량을 줄여주는 역할을 한다. 방사선 치료의 효과는 일반적으로 수회에 걸쳐 조사시 종양이 더 효과적으로 파괴된다. 환자는 주로 두경부에 국소적으로, 때로는 전신에 걸쳐 방사선을 조사받게 된다. 그러나 방사선 요법의 부작용으로 구강건조증, pH가 낮은 타액의 생성, 구강미생물의 변화 등으로 인한 방사선 우식증과 미각 이상, 점막염 등 다양한 구강내 합병증을 동반하게 된다. 그리고 성장하고 있는 소아의 경우에는 발육 중인 치열과 지지구조들에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치근 발육의 장애, 법랑질 형성부전, 왜소치, 무치증, 치아맹출 장애, 하악이나 상악의 저형성 등과 같은 다양한 현상이 나타날 수 있으며 이러한 현상은 비가역적이다. 특히 발생과정 중에 있는 치아는 그 발생단계에 따라 영향을 받는다. 본 증례는 치열 발육 단계에서 국소적 혹은 전신적으로 방사선 치료를 받은 어린이에서 나타난 영구치 치근 발육장애에 대해 보고하는 바이다. 이 환자들은 생후 $3{\sim}4$세 경에 악성 종양 치료를 위해 방사선 치료를 받았고 영구치 치근의 저형성, 조기 치수 폐쇄 소견을 보였다. 방사선 조사로 인한 구강환경 변화로 인해 우식발생률이 높으므로 철저한 구강 위생교육과 불소도포 등이 필요할 것이며, 짧은 치근을 가진 치아는 동요도의 증가 여부와 관리를 위해 정기적인 방사선 촬영 및 검진이 필요하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1273-1277
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• 2002

목 적 : 가와사끼병에서 고용량 정주용 면역글로불린 1회 투여에 반응을 보인 군과 재투여 한 군간에 임상양상, 혈액 검사 및 관상동맥 병변의 차이를 비교하고, 고용량 면역글로불린 재투여의 효과를 규명하고자 했다. 방 법 : 1999년 3월부터 2001년 7월까지 이화의대 목동병월에 가와사끼병으로 입원한 174명의 입원 및 외래기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 1회 면역글로불린에 반응을 보인 군을 I군(154명)으로, 재투여를 받은 환아군을 II군(20명)으로 하여 임상양상, 혈액검사 및 관상동맥 병변에 대한 차이를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 고용량 면역글로불린 치료를 받은 174명의 환아 중 20명(11.5%)이 면역글로불린을 재투여 받았고 이 중 2명(1.1%)은 면역글로불린에 저항을 보였다. 2) 두 군간에 성별, 나이 및 임상양상에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 면역글로불린 재투여군에서 1회 투여군에 비하여 혈중 albumin은 유의하게 낮았고 (3.7 vs 3.4 g/dl, P<0.05) ALT는 유의하게 높았다(118.2 vs 229.3 U/L, P<0.05). CRP도 재투여군에서 유의하게 높았다(8.9 vs 13.3 mg/dL, P<0.05). 4) 관상동맥병변은 면역글로불린 1회 투여군이 13.6% 재투여군이 45%로 면역글로불린 재투여군에서 유의하게 높았다. 결론 : 고용량 정주용 면역글로불린 투여 후에도 발열이 지속되거나 재발열 되는 가와사끼병의 치료에 면역글로불린 재투여는 안전하고 효과적이었으나, 관상동맥 합병증을 감소시키지는 못하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2022

Background: The biggest concern when using household chemical products is the health risk from inhalation exposure. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to provide information necessary for estimating inhalation exposure factors in several countries/organizations and to present some examples. Methods: We attempted to use PRISMA-ScR for a systematic review, but no major reports were found. We used the Google search function instead to find 'exposure factor handbook'. As for the results, inhalation exposure factors from South Korea, the United States, Canada, the EU, Australia, Japan, and China were compared. Results: The basic concept and origin of exposure factors was the US Environmental Protection Agency's Exposure Factor Handbook. Its latest version is 2011, but several chapters have been updated in 2017, 2018, and 2019. South Korea's Exposure Factor Handbook was updated in 2019, more recently than those of other countries, and was systematically investigated. In South Korea, the average daily respiratory rate is 14.62 m³/day for adults and 12.73 m³/day for children. It is difficult to compare breathing rate by country because each country divides age groups differently and uses different methods to estimate it. Information on household chemical products, space used, and ventilation rate are in the exposure factor handbook in some countries and not in others. It is not in the handbook in South Korea, but in the notice from the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), a sub-regulation of the Chemical Product Safety Act. Conclusions: The exposure factors registered in South Korea's exposure factor handbook have been systematically studied and reflect the most recent data. When using data not in the relevant handbook, data from other countries might be applied, but it should be determined whether the nature and quality of the original data have been managed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pharmacological treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on motor coordination, using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). Methods: The participants were recruited from April 2015 to November 2016 from the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center and were treated for 3 months with methylphenidate or atomoxetine. The illness severity at baseline and 3 months were scored using the ADHD Rating Scale (ARS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and/or Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I). A total of 39 children with ADHD (age $8.0{\pm}1.4years$, 36 boys) completed the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) and their parents completed the DCDQ at baseline and 3 months. The paired t-test, mixed between-within analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. Results: The CGI-S (p<0.001), ARS (p<0.001), and fine motor/hand writing (p=0.005) on the DCDQ were significantly changed between pre-treatment and post-treatment. When the participants were divided into those who were suspected of having developmental coordination disorder (DCD) (n=23) and those who probably did not (n=16), the control during movement, fine motor/hand writing and general coordination scores on the DCDQ showed the main effects for group (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The fine motor/hand writing on the DCDQ has a significant main effect for time [F(1,37)=7.31, p=0.010, ${\eta}^2=0.405$] and the interaction effect between group and time was also significant [F(1,37)=4.63, p=0.038, ${\eta}^2=0.111$]. The baseline visual commission error on the ATA is significantly correlated with the changes in the DCDQ total scores (r=0.330, p=0.040). Conclusion: Our results provide preliminary evidence that pharmacological treatment for ADHD improves not only the core symptoms of ADHD, but also the motor coordination. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect of the pharmacological treatment for ADHD on the motor coordination.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

난청은 가장 흔한 선천성 장애이다. 이 질병의 발생 빈도는 신생아 1000명 출생 당 $1{\sim}3$명 정도로 상당히 높다. 이러한 청력 장애가 조기에 발견된다면 수술적인 치료 등으로 예방할 수 있으나, 그렇지 못할 경우 언어와 학습장애를 초래하게 된다. 이런 관점을 근거로 신생아를 대상으로 한 선천성 난청의 선별검사는 큰 의미를 가지며 난청환자의 조기발견을 위한 노력이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 기존의 수동 청력검사 시스템은 신생아 청력 평가 시 검사자의 주관성에 의존하게 되므로, 청성뇌간 반응의 뇌파 분석이 잘못될 가능성이 커진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 난청여부를 자동으로 판독하여 결과를 나오도록 개발하고자 하였으며, 또한 기존 제품들과 차별화하기 위하여 휴대용으로 개발하여 차폐실이 아닌 일반 병실에서도 검사가 가능하도록 함에 따라 유소아의 청각 장애를 극복시키는데 기여하고자 하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-64
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• 1995

The 12-hour work shift can be influenced on the nurse's job satisfaction, effective personnel administration, and quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception on the 12-hour work shift by nurses. A total of 516 nurses were selected by convenience sampling from six general hospitals in Seoul. Based on the literature review, the questionnaire on the need of the 12-hour work shift was designed by the investigator. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Duncan's method as post-hoc test. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The need of 12-hour work shift The mean needs of 12-hour work shift in the nursing practice, psychological, physical, socioeconomic, and environmental perspectives were 3.05, 2.72, 2.66, 3.08, and 4.22. 2. The need of 12-hour work shift by demographic data For the nursing practice, there was a statistically significant relationship between marital status(p=.021), satisfaction on the 8-hour work shift(p=.038), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.001) and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the psychological perspectives, there was a statistically significant relationship between marital status(p=.016), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.0001), and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the physical perspectives, there was a statistically significant relationship between age(p=.002), marital status(p=.005), the number of children(p=.005), the duration of job career(p=.014), the job position(p=.002), the work shift(p=.030), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.0001) and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the socioeconomic perspectives, there was a statistically significant relationship between the job position(0=.002), the work shift(p=.006), the perception of the 12-hour work shift(p=.002) and the need of 12-hour work shift. For the environmental perspectives, there was a statisitically significant relationship between the traffic method(p=.05), the duration of the job career(p=.026), the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.309) and the need of 12-hour work shift. 3. The need of 12-hour work shift by the demographic data There was a statistically significant difference between marital status(p=.014), the number of children(p=.038), the job position(p=.007), the work shift(p=.037), and the perception on the 12-hour work shift(p=.0001) for the need of 12-hour work shift.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

This study is based on parents that have preschool children of age 4~5, and analyzes the perception and parent education demand through parent experience of fire. As a result of the study about perception through parent experience about safety life, safety accidents, safety education of fire, the effect of parents' safety consciousness to fire safety life turned out to be moderate for fathers and large for mothers. The safety education method was mostly done in speaking than experience for fathers, while mothers did education through experience in daily life. Also the difficulties in safety education was lack of educating time for fathers while it was lack of knowledge and methods for mothers. Perception through parent experience of fire safety accidents showed that fathers did not have experience of fire safety accidents while mothers did. The locations perceived by parents where fires mostly occurred showed to be within home for both parents, and both administered first aid in managing fires. Perception through parent experience of fire safety education showed the importance of fire safety education to be important in both parents, and both parents had no experience in fire safety education. Also the fire safety education knowledge acquisition method was TV or the Internet for fathers, while it was participating in seminars or lectures for mothers. Fathers were moderately satisfied of the fire safety education instruction of childhood education centers, while mothers were slightly dissatisfied. For the demand of parent education about fire safety education, fathers were moderate while mothers thought it necessary of parent education necessity. The reason why parent education was needed was to be able to know immediate and prompt measures and first aid treatment in emergency situations for fathers, while it was to figure out the cause of fire safety accidents and prevent it beforehand for mothers. For the education institution of fire safety education, fathers demanded it for safety related institutions while mothers demanded it for children education institutions, and the number of times for parent education was once or twice a year for fathers while it was once a month for mothers. For the parent education instructor of fire safety education, fathers demanded safety education experts while mothers demanded infant teachers that completed the safety education course. For the fire safety education method of parent education, fathers demanded Internet searching while mothers demanded seminars or lectures.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine mothers' perception of dental health and their relevant behaviors. The subjects in this study were 878 mothers who had five-year-old children in the city of Seongnam. After a survey was conducted to find out their dental health awareness and behavior, the following findings were acquired; 1. 44.9 percent of the mothers investigated ever paid a visit to dental institutes over the last year, and 23.3 percent visited them to prevent any possible dental diseases. 56.1 percent ever received oral health education, and 30.0 percent, the largest group, received that in their school days. 69.0 percent ever had their teeth scaled. 2. As for their oral health knowledge, the right answer rate was 6.95 out of 10. Concerning what they knew the best about, 91.7 percent knew that sweet food including sugar caused dental caries, and regarding the most incorrect idea, 31.6 percent believed that aging made tooth come out. 3. In regard to oral health attitude, the right answer rate was 7.33 out of 10. As to the best attitude, 87.1 percent felt that it made them unpleasant to go to bed without doing toothbrushing, and concerning the worst case, 24.0 percent believed that teeth could be clean without using toothpaste. 4. As to oral health behavior, the right answer rate was 5.37 out of 10. Regarding the most common oral health behavior, 89.9 percent brushed their teeth before going to bed, and the least common one, 15.8 percent made a regular visit to dental institutes to examine their teeth. 5. Concerning self-evaluation of oral health, the right answer rate was 6.77 out of 10. 90.0 percent found themselves not to have a toothache, and regarding the worst case, 38.1 percent considered their oral health to be better than that of others of the same age group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.474-480
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• 2012

Purpose: For evaluating the immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine, the microneutralization (MN) test has a higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. However, the MN test is more time consuming and is difficult to standardize. We performed the MN test to determine its usefulness as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. Methods: We compared the MN test with the HI test using 50 paired samples taken from a previous clinical study (2008-2009) in Korean children under 18 years of age. Results: The linear correlation coefficients of the 2 tests for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 0.69, 0.70, and 0.66, respectively. We identified a high index of coincidence between the 2 tests. For an influenza vaccine, the postvaccination seroprotection rates and seroconversion rates determined by the MN test were 78.0% and 96.0%, 90% and 42.0%, and 42.0% and 48.0% for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B, respectively. Geometric mean titer fold increases of H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 2.89, 5.04, and 4.29, respectively, and were 2.5-fold higher. We obtained good results in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of the 2008-2009 seasonal influenza vaccines. Conclusion: We found that the MN test was as effective as the HI test. Therefore, we suggest that the MN test can be used as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.134-144
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• 2010

성장기 아동의 상기도 협착은 두개안면 성장에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 3차원 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)를 이용하여 제II급 부정교합 아동의 상기도 부피 및 단면적 계측치와 측모두부계측치를 비교하여 상기도와 안면 형태와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 37명의 아동(남자 17명, 여자 20명, 평균 연령 11.02세)의 CBCT를 촬영하였다. 연구 결과, 상기도의 PNS-posterior plane에서의 단면적($S_{PP}$)은 제II급 부정교합군에서 유의하게 작았다 (p < 0.05). 상기도 부피 계측치는 제II급 부정교합군에서 제I급 부정교합군보다 작았으나, 두 군 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 제II급 부정교합군은 후안모고경(PFH), mandibular body length (p < 0.05), Pog to Nperp (p < 0.01)에서 제I급 부정교합군보다 유의하게 작은 값을 보였고, FMA (p < 0.05), ANB, facial convexity (p < 0.01)는 유의하게 큰 값을 보였다. 제II급 부정교합군의 PNS 전방의 상기도 부피($W_N$)는 ANB difference 각도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 제II급 부정교합 아동은 상대적으로 좁은 상기도 부피를 가지며 이에 따른 감소 된 후안모고경(PFH)과 하악골의 divergent한 안면 성장 양상을 보였다.