• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to develop a scale of outdoor school safety behavior in Korean elementary students. Methods : A list of 40 items were selected by priori experiences of school health teachers and a literature review. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 32 items, questionnaires were reviewed by an expert group which was consisted of 10 professionals. Validity of the 31 items was screened in this process with 4 point Likert scale. Using the preliminary tool. data were collected from 684 subjects for item analysis and factor analysis. A total of 26 items were remained, and items with the lower than 0.2 item-total correlation coefficient were removed. Factor analysis was done with these 26 items, and 26 items with factor loadings higher or equal to 0.4 were remained. Relsult : 1. Cronbach's alpha for the 26 items was 0.70 2. Five factors were identified with eigen value 1.0 These contributed $51.617\%$ of the variance in the total score. 3. Each factor was labled 'vonobserbance of safety rule', 'good habit for safety', 'careless action', 'lack of safety knowledge', 'injurious action to friend' It is suggested that this scale could be used to measure outdoor school safety behaviors among elementary students in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1323-1336
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• 2009

This study examined the attitude and education need for food safety of high school students. Data were collected from 297 high school students in Gyeongbuk province through a self-administered questionnaire on December, 2008. Frequency, t tests, one-way analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple range tests, and chi-square tests were conducted using SPSS V. 14.0. Many respondents answered that the foods produced and distributed in Korea were not safe enough. Over a third of the respondents replied that the produced and distributed foods were not safe because of unsanitary food processing. They pointed out food additives threatened food safety the most, which was followed by heavy metal contamination, and endocrine disruptors. Most respondents mentioned difficulties in acquiring information concerning food safety, and obtained information from the media, such as TV and radio. The respondents required a high level of education regarding food safety, and preferred movie clips and broadcasting media the most. Finally, they pointed out food-related government organizations to be the most efficient educational institution for food safety.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4181-4194
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• 2022

Main steam safety valves are commonly used in nuclear power plants to provide final protections from overpressure events. Blowdown and dynamic stability are two critical characteristics of safety valves. However, due to the parameter sensitivity and multi-parameter features of safety valves, using traditional method to design and/or optimize them is generally difficult and/or inefficient. To overcome these problems, a surrogate model-based valve design optimization is carried out in this study, of particular interest are methods of valve surrogate modeling, valve parameters global sensitivity analysis and valve performance optimization. To construct the surrogate model, Design of Experiments (DoE) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the safety valve were performed successively, thereby an ensemble surrogate model (E-AHF) was built for valve blowdown and stability predictions. With the developed E-AHF model, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) on the valve parameters was performed, thereby five primary parameters that affect valve performance were identified. Finally, the k-sigma method is used to conduct the robust optimization on the valve. After optimization, the valve remains stable, the minimum blowdown of the safety valve is reduced greatly from 13.30% to 2.70%, and the corresponding variance is reduced from 1.04 to 0.65 as well, confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimization method proposed in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-107
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• 2002

Recently, the industrialized world is suffering from accidents referring from the lack of safety consciousness. According to Korean Safety Regulation Department(1996), students at junior high schools are mostly involved in safety accidents, and this is due to lack of safety consciousness. To prevent these accidents, we need to have safety consciousness and attitude. To make junior high school students who are mostly affected in these accidents act safely, they need to know their level of safety consciousness. The purpose of this study is to develop a guideline of measuring the scale of safety consciousness and analyze the relationship between safety education, accident experiences and safety consciousness. This study is based on a survey of 708 junior high students in Seoul, which was carried out from 12 November, 2001 to 21 November, 2001. 1. The main fields of safety consciousness are home safety, school safety, fire safety, emergency management based on documents. Home safety is again divided into facility safety and livelihood safety, school safety is divided into facility safety, livelihood safety and laboratory safety, traffic safety is divided into pedestrian safety, bicycling safety and public transportation safety, fire safety divided into prevention and escaping during fire breakouts, emergency management safety is divided into general principles and escaping during emergency situations. 2. The primary safety consciousness scale was made according to every field of safety consciousness. A preliminary examination based on the scale and a study of reliance and the factors was held. Based on these results, 27 questions which were concerned to be impairing reliability or lacking in factor were deleted on the secondary safety consciousness scale development The secondary safety consciousness scale which constituted of 73 questions was put into another preliminary study and after analyzing reliability and the factors, 12 questions of low reliabilities were deleted and with these results, the third scale were made consisting of 61 questions. 3. A study based on the third safety scale which is made of 61 questions, were held and with a analysis of the reliability and factors made, the relationship between safety education, accident experience and safety mind were examined. (1) The study of reliability and factors show that Cronbach's coefficient in home safety fields is .7598, in school safety .7924, in traffic safety .8306, in emergency treatment .7775, in fire safety .7247. The questions indicating low reliability were deleted. The factor analysis revealed that home safety is converged on facility safety and livelihood safety. But one question was deleted because it showed incongruence of validity. School safety was converged on facility safety, livelihood safety and laboratory safety. But 2 questions showed incongruence of validity and these were deleted. Traffic safety fields were converged on pedestrian safety, bicycle safety and public transportation safety. One question showing incongruence of validity was deleted. Emergency treatment fields converged on general principles and acting in emergency situations and three questions showing incongruence of validity were deleted. Fire safety was converged on prevention and acting in fire breakouts. Totally, eight questions were removed and the final scale were consisted of 53 questions (2) The 3/sup rd/ grade students scored higher average safety mind scales than 1st graders(p〈.05). And students who had high scores at school tend to have a higher scale than those who do not(p〈.001). (3) Average scale of students who had experience in safety education were higher(p〈.001). Students who had previously been involved in home safety accidents had a low score(p〈.001). This was same to students with experience in school safety accidents(p〈.001). Students with traffic safety accidents and fire safety accidents tend to have a lower scale too(p〈.05, p〈.001).

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.326-330
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• 2016

Background: The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire-50 (NOSACQ-50) was developed by a team of Nordic occupational safety researchers based on safety climate and psychological theories. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 and assess the score of safety climate on a group of workers in a steel company in Iran. Methods: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 was distributed among 661 employees of a steel company in Qazvin Province (Iran). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the dimensions of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient. Pearson correlation test was applied to investigate the correlation between different dimensions. Results: The results of EFA showed that the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 consisted of six dimensions. The Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94. The mean score of safety climate in all dimensions was 2.89 (standard deviation 0.60). Conclusion: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 had a satisfactory validity for measuring safety climate in the studied Iranian population.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.87-95
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• 2020

Generally, occupational safety and particularly construction safety is an intricate phenomenon. Industry professionals have devoted vital attention to enforcing Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) from the last three decades to enhance safety management in construction. Despite the efforts of the safety professionals and government agencies, current safety management still relies on manual inspections which are infrequent, time-consuming and prone to error. Extensive research has been carried out to deal with high fatality rates confronting by the construction industry. Sensor systems, visualization-based technologies, and tracking techniques have been deployed by researchers in the last decade. Recently in the construction industry, computer vision has attracted significant attention worldwide. However, the literature revealed the narrow scope of the computer vision technology for safety management, hence, broad scope research for safety monitoring is desired to attain a complete automatic job site monitoring. With this regard, the development of a broader scope computer vision-based risk recognition system for correlation detection between the construction entities is inevitable. For this purpose, a detailed analysis has been conducted and related rules which depict the correlations (positive and negative) between the construction entities were extracted. Deep learning supported Mask R-CNN algorithm is applied to train the model. As proof of concept, a prototype is developed based on real scenarios. The proposed approach is expected to enhance the effectiveness of safety inspection and reduce the encountered burden on safety managers. It is anticipated that this approach may enable a reduction in injuries and fatalities by implementing the exact relevant safety rules and will contribute to enhance the overall safety management and monitoring performance.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2017

A SIL(Safety Integrity Level) assignment method is used for preventing failure action. The goal of safety system for processing automation is to reduce the human fatal risk. Even if we have developed the processing automation according to developing technology, we are also realized on increasing the human fatal risk cause of unexpected accidents. This study is directed the solution of decision for safety level for safety system and the best architecture for safety system in process automation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to develop a food safety education program for school foodservice employees and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: Food safety education programs were made into two levels; one for new employees in school foodservice and another for employees in charge of Critical Control Point (CCP) monitoring. The programs were for 40-minute-long lecture using PowerPoint. The effectiveness of these programs were assessed based on eleven evaluation items by school foodservice dieticians (n=30) and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) specialist (n=13). All statistical analyses are conducted by SPSS package program (ver 20.0). Results: According to the results of evaluating the food safety education program by dietitian and HACCP specialist, the overall satisfaction score was 4.14, evaluated by 5 point scale. There were no significant difference in results of evaluation between dieticians and HACCP specialists. The score of 'it is helpful to work' and 'pictures, images and charts are pertinent to study' were higher than others while the score of 'education contents is pleasant and interesting' and 'screen is pleasant and interesting' were the lowest among all evaluation items. Conclusions: To increase the school foodservice quality, employees should be offered regular food safety education and training through effective education media including prerequisite program and HACCP manual for school foodservice.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-125
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of school safety accident on teacher's normal educational activities and to seek some desirable ways to cope with it. The subjects in this study were 351 class teachers randomly selected from Seoul and Kyonggi Province and surveyed from April through July, 2000. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Actual Condition of School Safety Accident 1) Approximately many teachers investigated had had an experience to suffer safety accident. Safety accident occurred most during break or class, but there was a significant difference according to service area. 2) Safety accident took place most in playground, and the most common cause was student's own carelessness, and the most widely occurred accident type was an injury. But there was no significant difference caused by the general characteristics of the teachers. 2. Influence of Safety Accident On Teacher's Educational Activities. 1) The largest reason they offered safety education was to ensure student safety. The greatest number of them had an opinion they would consider changing or giving up a planned normal educational activity if they recognized any possibilities of safety accident. There was a significant difference in this point according to gender and career. 2) They worried about possible safety accident most during field study, but there was a significant difference according to gender or presence or absence of safety accident experience. 3) The general characteristics of teacher produced a significant difference to an experience of avoiding educational activity due to psychological withdrawal, but safety accident experience didn't make any difference. 3. Minimization of Teacher Damage or Loss from Safety Accident. 1) The dominant opinion about teacher's small mistake for any occurrence of safety accident was that the responsibility should be escaped to maintain teacher's authority. For severe mistake, however, there were two different opinions at the same percentage: one was being exempted and the other was taking civil liability. 2) Establishing teacher insurance was preferred as a way to minimize teacher's economic loss from safety accident, but there was a significant difference according to gender. 3) The dominant opinion about the payment of insurance premium for safety accident was that it should be paid from school operating expenses.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.39-59
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to describe the status and needs of safety education in elementary schools and to develop a model of the comprehensive school safety education in Korea. A literary review was used to assess the status of safety education materials in Korea, the safety education program, and the laws and policies about safety education. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, Kwangwon Province, and Jeonbuk Province to assess the status and needs of school safety education. Survey data was obtained in June 2002 from 83 teachers and 21 focus group consisting of experts. The primary goal of safety education is to help students to acquire knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on safety. Comprehensive safety education has these primary goals： To provide an opportunity for students to develop their values, attitudes and beliefs about safety. This study will help assess the feasibility of applying safety education guidelines in elementary schools in Korea, including theoretical aspects of the field and practical aspects of safety education in relation to guidelines containing the diverse types of safety activities in Korea. In particular, it will suggest appropriate alternatives to current methods, protecting elementary school students in Korea, and how those can be created in the cultural context of Korea.