• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.513-525
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• 2000

This study was to investigate medication management and the level of awareness about separation of prescribing and dispending at small-to-medium sized workplaces which have less than 300 employees in Korea. The data were collected by questionnaires from May to June in 2000. The number of subjects were 127 workplaces and 130 employees. The SAS PC Program was used for the descriptive statistics. The results are as follows; 1. The over the counter(OTC) drug was provided sufficiently(91.1 %). but medication management was not performed systematically. 2. On drug-providing rate and drug-using rate, the latter was high in the workplace and Health care management's nurses consume all of the over the counter drug provided. 3. When the separation of prescribing and dispending starts, employees shall be medically examined, treated and prescribed by physicians and drugs shall be dispended by pharmacists. It is necessary to make it possible to visit health care institutions whenever they want to. (eg. lunch time or after work) They should change their drug-dependent behaviour. We should focus on strengthening Health Promotion Program to prevent disease by making habitual of health promotion behaviour.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2022

Background: In this study, we investigated the changes and factors that affect daily health behaviors due to COVID-19 among adolescents. We intend to provide basic data so that a systematic and comprehensive health education program that includes physical and oral health can be made. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of the from the 2019 and 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. A final sample of 112,251 participants was anlayzed using chi-square test, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: In the case of tooth brushing, the frequency of 'never' increased in most general characteristics compared to before COVID-19. In the case of handwashing, it was found that handwashing behavior increased (increased) after COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19. As a result of confirming the factors affecting tooth brushing behavior before and after COVID-19, it was found that girls brushed teeth 2.2 times more regularly after lunch than boys. As a result of adjusting all other factors, regular tooth brushing behavior after COVID-19 was reduced by 0.79 times compared to before COVID-19. Conclusion: It is judged that it is necessary to operate a comprehensive health management program in the school so that the most basic tooth brushing for oral health and handwashing for health can become a habit. In addition, by confirming the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on handwashing and tooth brushing behavior through this study, it is expected to be used in the development of policy data such as raising awareness of brushing and improving behaviors applicable in the current and upcoming new pandemic situations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.537-544
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• 2016

This study was to investigate their relevance between oral health behaviors and number of remaining teeth of the elderly welfare recipients through the fluoride and scaling of the business. Researcher collected 660 subjects over 60 elderly welfare recipients investigated self-administered survey and use denture and number of remaining teeth though oral examination. Increasingly age number of teeth remaining reduced, there is a difference on the number of remaining teeth according to gender, age, the use of oral hygiene products, self diagnosis oral condition, brushing after lunch and showed significant difference(p<0.05). The remaining number of teeth can be prevented by attention and efforts of subjects. Therefore, we investigated convergent effects of oral health behaviors on number of remaining teeth of the elderly, I hope that oral health care program continually provides expansion of preventive treatment and to maintain the provision of health care about vulnerable group.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behavior and health-related lifestyles of high school students according to the living area in Chonbuk province, Self administered questionnaires were collected from 489 students. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: The average weight and height of male students in urban and rural area were 173.52cm, 65.26kg; 172.89cm, 64.02kg. The female students were 161.18cm, 52.48kg: 160.96cm, 52.82kg. The breakfast skipping ratio of students urban area were higher than the students in rural area, About 85% of students responded to have a lunch at school foodservice canteens. About 30% of students responded to have a dinner irregularly, which mainly caused by the reasons 'irregularity of life style' and 'weight control'. The ratio of snacks intake of the students were high, but female students eaten more fruits, cookies and coffee than male students. More than 50% of the students responded that one of the important influencing factor for health was 'a good eating habits'. About 44% of students in urban area and 40% of in rural area responded to take exercise one or three times a week. Students in urban area(37.3%) have more experiences of taking nutrient supplements than those in rural area(15.8%). TV/Radio (48.7%), clinic/apothec(19.0%), and family(16.0%) were essential sources of pertinent information about nutrition. The dietary behavior and health related lifestyle between the students in urban and rural area were very similar, but the female students showed more bad dietary behaviors in comparison with the male students. Therefore, they should have a gender oriented nutritional education program to correct their dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyle for health.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the remainity of synthetic surfactant (LAS) by HPLC and the microbial contamination on stainless steel dishes. For the maintenance and the improvement of school lunch program's safety, the remainity of synthetic surfactants (LAS) on stainless steel dishes washed with auto dishwasher was investigated by HPLC, and the microbial contamination on same dishes was surveyed. The results were as follows: (1) The remainity of synthetic surfactant (LAS) a) The residue of LAS was very small because of the repeated washing of dishes by strong pressurized water. b) The remainity range of LAS on stainless steel dishes was 2.1~7.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dish. The remainity of general surfactants was higher in cold water then warm water. The amount of residual general surfatants was 5.95 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dish in cold water, and 2.95 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dish in warm water. There was no difference of the remainity of special surfactants by water temperature. The amount of residual surfactants was 3.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dish. c) There was no difference of residue amount by washing times. (2) The microbial contamination after washing with general surfactants. 1) The mean MPN of E. coli was 203(53~345) on 1 hr, 19(6~28) on 2 hrs, in cold water, and 1100(only 1 dish of 1 school) on 1 hr, 24(6~42) on 2hrs. 2) After washing with general surgactants the mean of contamination by general microbials was 956(25~2300)on 1 hr, 694(45~2500) on 2 hrs. in cold water and 803(5~2300) on 1 hr, 671(5~2500)on 2 hrs. After washing with special surfactants the mean of contamination by general microbials was 788(136~2900) on 1 hr, 1122(15~3000) on 2 hrs, in cold water and 537(5~2000) on 1 hr, 88(15~150) on 2 hrs in warm water. (3) Like the results of this study, the good washing methods of stainless steel dishes for school luch program were as follows. First, for washing stainless steel dishes, the use of special surfactants was recommended at 30~4$0^{\circ}C$ water. Second, at 7$0^{\circ}C$ water, the rinsing of dishes was recommended. Third, the final rinsing at 8$0^{\circ}C$ combined with simple disinfection and dry was recommended.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.881-891
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out in order to contribute to preventing dental caries, which is the biggest disease in adolescence and to promoting oral health by implanting a right habit on oral care targeting adolescents, and further to offer basic help to proceeding with making the better health life. Methods : This study carried out questionnaire survey targeting 1,100 students of middle schools where are located in small and medium-sized cities of Gyeongnam from March 7-18, 2011. Statistical processing was performed frequency analysis and cross tabulation, by using SPSSWIN 12.0 program. Results : As for middle school students' oral health education experience, the group with educational experience was indicated to be 52.9% for girl students and 47.1% for boy students(p<.05) in case of gender. Toothbrushing time was indicated to be the highest with 25.6% in 'after having breakfast'. The appearance of toothbrushing after having lunch at school was indicated to be 53.3% for girl students and 26.3% for boy students(p<.001) by gender. The most important reason for toothbrushing accounted for 82.1% in the 1st grade, 71.1% in the 2nd grade, and 67.4% in the 3rd grade depending on school year as for the response as saying of 'aiming to prevent decayed tooth and gum disease.' Thus, the lower school year led to having indicated to be higher in response as saying of brushing teeth for preventing decayed tooth and gum disease(p<.001). As for a toothbrushing method by gender, boy students accounted for 24.2% in response as saying of 'brushing teeth freely', thereby having been indicated to be higher than 15.0% for girl students(p<.001). Conclusions : In order for toothbrushing method to be rightly practiced and habituated continuously, there will be a need of changing adolescents' awareness and of being driven systematically and continuously through oral health education. School oral health education, which can nurture right attitude and habit of oral health care, is thought to be necessarily expanded and executed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2017

Purpose : This study was conducted to improve cognitive oral healthcare care by analyzing the correlation between oral health behavior and oral health status Korean adolescents. The subjects were 65,528 youths in 798 schools monitored in the Twelfth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2016. Methods : The general characteristics consisted of 9 items including sex, grade, and academic performance. The academic performance and economic status were restructured into "upper, middle, lower". Subjective health perception and subjective oral health perception were reorganized as "health", "normal", "no health". The sub-areas of oral health behavior include five times of daily brushing during the day yesterday. The number of brushing times was "0", "1-2", "3", "more than 4" After lunch at school, brushing was restructured as "always," "sometimes," "not." The oral health status subscale consisted of 6 items including tooth breakage and toothache at the time of eating. Result : Tooth fracture(43.7 %), pain in mastication(43.7 %), tooth tingling(47.4 %), gum pain and bleeding(45 %), pain in buccal mucosa(43.8 %) and halitosis(46.6 %) were rare in adolescent having healthy oral health status cognitively(P<.001). Nosymptom adolescents without dental sealant showed low tooth fracture(0.64 times), pain in mastication(0.67 times), tooth tingling(0.59 times), gum pain and bleeding(0.84 times), pain in buccal mucosa(0.76 times), and halitosis(0.90 times). Nosymptom adolescents without scaling showed low tooth fracture(0.88 times), pain in mastication(1.03 times), tooth tingling(0.82 times), gum pain and bleeding(0.64 times), pain in buccal mucosa(0.70 times) and halitosis(0.82 times). Conclusion : This study revealed that oral health status is correlated with oral health behavior. Development of educational media and program, and aggressive promotion required to establish oral health Korean adolescent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1968

According to the dietary surveys and national food balance sheets, the dietary state of person living in Korea is ingesting a high level of grain and vegetable diet and very low animal sources. The daily calory intake is about 2,300-2,600 Cal. per head in which a total protein intake is 69-86 gm respectively. These data indicate no shortage of calory and total protein intake. However, the intake of animal protein is only 4-11 gm and the fat is 8-18 gm, both of which are far below the requirment. The low fat intake brings about a low level of fat soluble vitamins, and that V-A intake is as short as the half amount of the allowance. Riboflavine is also about a half of dietary requirment. Both thiamin and ascorbic acid intake are sufficient. The calcium intake is 0.26-0.5 gm per day which is inadequate. In fact, biochemical findings through field survey show; serum protein 6.7 gm, hemoglobin 13.1 gm and hematocrite 41.5% all of which are lower than the Kwon's report. The serum V-A and uunrinary riboflavin value are also lower than the Williams'es report. Clinically, inflamation of the eyes, cheilosis, pathological signs of tangue, xerosis of the hand and arm, or the like are frequently seen. On the other hand, there is no suitable diet available for the weaning infant and delayed weaning is a common practice. A school lunch program is still in an early stage of development. Another example can be cited that the Korean infant grows faster than the Japanese until one year of age, and no difference is noted between the Korean and the American infants up to six monthes of age, thereafter the former lags in the growth rate. This might be mainly due to the nutritional reasons as mentioned above, and in part due to the high inidence of intestinal parasitism and others.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.773-781
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• 2005

Menu-development is one of the important parts in restaurant business. Menu in restaurant has to be developed by customer's net which is the key for the success in restaurant management, The purpose of this study is to determine stress level, food intake, food habit, food preference of employees in certain companies and to develop proper menus for employees who are under high stress state. This study also determine whether the customers under stress will visit restaurant which provide stress-release-menu or not This study was conducted to people who live in Seoul and its adjunct area, including Gyunggi Province. The subjects were selected at random and the Questionnaires were sent to the subject by mail. The surveys included personal information, extent of stress, food habits related to the stress. The statistical tests were performed with SPSS computer software program. The male subjects were $44.9\%$ and females were $55.1\%$, aged between $30\~40$ years old. The percentages of no risk, borderline, and at risk, in the stress level of subjects, were 48.3, 16.5 and $35.2\%$, respectively. Most of the subjects, $61.8\%$, had normal food habit and $29.2\%$ had bad food Habits. The ideal costs of meals were $3,000\~5,000Won$ for breakfast$(57.3 \%)$, $5,000\~10,000Won$ for lunch$(54.7\%)$, and $10,000\~20,000Won$ for dinner$(38.2\%)$. Subjects under high stress answered 0 need a dietary supplementation for stress release. This study also showed that $92\%$ of the subjects under stress were willing to visit restaurants which have stress-release menus. In conclusion, adults who are under stress are shown to be interested in stress and nutrition management and they are willing to visit restaurants providing stress-release menus.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.586-597
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• 2000

The nutrition knowledge and food attitude of obese children were assessed and compared with their normal children counterparts to provide information for nutrition education programs. One hundred forty six obese children and 92 normal children from the fourth to sixth grade in Bucheon and Anyang elementary schools of Kyeong-gi Province were selected for the study. A multiple choice questionnaire, including 12 items of general nutrition knowledge and 13 items of weight control, were used to test the nutrition knowledge of children. The results of this study are as follows : 1) 57.5% of male and 40.9% of female obese children had experience with weight control, but the rate of correct answers on the nutrition knowledge test ranged from 53% to 58%, which does not show any significant difference between the two groups. The rate of correct answers on items conrerning 'general nutrition knowledge' and 'nutrition knowledge for weight control' did not show any significant difference among the two groups. 2) Obese male students showed a higher rate of correct answers(59.2%) on items of 'the proper food selection for obese children', compared with their counterparts and also obese female students showed a higher rate of correct answers(88.6%) on 'physical exercise', compared with their counterparts. 3) The rate of correct answers on nutrition knowledge of 'basic food groups', 'the functions of iron and vitamins', 'the concept of energy', and 'the principle of weight change' were lower than 40%. 4) The obese children frequently did not have breakfast, overate during lunch in many cases, and had low recognition on knowledge that was necessary to weight control. 5) Only 30.9% and 22.7% of male and female obese children replied that they would participate in weight control programs. However, 53.6% of males and 68.2% of females did not show any concern in participating the programs. From these results, it was suggested that it is necessary to motivate the obese to participate in weight-control program. When developing nutrition education programs for the obese, the contents of the questions that showed a low correct answering rates should be emphasized.