• 교육시설
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide an remodification method for elementary school complex facilities in Seoul Metropolitan city. This study analyzes the questionnaire survey for 568 entire elementary schools and the questionnaire survey for school facility complex project operated 44 elementary schools. Then the result of this study was deduced from the comparison between the 568 entire survey data and 44 survey data in terms of the cognition of school facility complex project, the required type of facility and the problems of complex facility maintenance and operation. Four major findings were revealed as the result of research. First, there is a very high agreement with the school facility complex projects. Second, it was need that the process of planning and design was remodified to enhance participation of parents of students and local residents for selecting an appropriate complex facility. Third, education environment and student safety should be protected from any other school facility complex environments. Fourth, an agreement and regulation is needed for more effective maintenance and operation of school complex facilities.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2010

The aims of this study are to present the basic data of a school facilities complex and to analyze the necessity of a school facilities complex, school facilities characteristics and program characteristics. In the study, there can be found an analysis of the present conditions of the school facilities complex by literature research and the analysis of school facilities characteristics and program characteristics by case study. The results of this study are as follows: First, the elementary school facilities are mixed with the gym, swimming pool, culture center and convenient facility(parking lot). Second, the school facilities complex is not connected with the number of elementary school students. As the number of elementary school students decrease, it is possible to apply the generated surplus space of the school facilities to the community facility. Third, the school facilities complex is not connected to the reliance ratio of local finance. It is necessary for the central government to provide active financial and to build a financial support model. Fourth, most of the time, the entrance of the facility complex is divided from the entrance of the school facility. Fifth, the programs of many school facility complexes are composed of swimming and physical fitness programs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2008

Recent molecular genetics studies have revealed that cyclic electron transport around photosystem I is essential for normal photosynthesis and growth of plants. Chloroplastic NAD(P)H dehydorgenase (NDH) complex, a homologue of the complex I in respiratory electron transport, is involved in one of two cyclic pathways. Recent studies on the function and structure of the NDH complex are reviewed.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

In this paper, we prove that a complex Finsler manifold is a complex locally Minkowski space if and only if it is a strictly K$\ddot{a}$hler-Berwald manifold with zero holomorphic sectional curvature.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

A school building complex means building both the learning spaces of students and convenience space of community within school lands. The projects have has a positive effect on saving the national budget as well as expanding the learning spaces. The absence of standard agreement contracted through discussion of participants, however, has made many problems in the operated projects. Through analysis on the previous researches and conference, the paper finds main problems discussed in the operating step. And, the feasibility study is carried out in order to analyze the appropriateness of on the existing agreements on the problems. Finally, the paper presents the standard agreement for the school building complex projects. The practitioners can prevent the existing problems from new projects through using the proposed agreement. Furthermore, it is expected that the school building complex projects will be activated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.2086-2092
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• 2014

Two novel coordination compounds $[Cu_2(pypya)_3(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}Cl{\cdot}(H_2O)_5$ (1) and $\{[Cd(pypya)(ta)_{1/2}]{\cdot}H_2O\}_n$ (2) (Hpypya=2-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid, $H_2ta$=terephthalic acid) were synthesized and characterized by single X-ray diffraction. Structure determination reveals that complex 1 and complex 2 crystallize in the triclinic system, with the P-1 space group. The asymmetric unit of 1 contains two Cu(II) ions, and their coordination modes are different. These units of complex 1 are linked together via hydrogen bonds and ${\pi}-{\pi}$ interactions, and the 3D structure of complex 1 was formed. Complex 2, a mononuclear Cd(II) coordination compound, has a 2D structure which was constructed via coordination bonds. TGA and fluorescence spectra analysis of complex 1 and complex 2 have also been studied. In addition, the geometry parameters of complex 1 have been optimized with the B3LYP method of density functional theory (DFT) to explain its coordination behavior. The electronic properties of the complex 1 and ligand Hpypya have been investigated based on the nature bond orbital (NBO) analysis at the B3LYP level of theory. The result verifies that the synergistic effect have occurred in the compound.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2013

In this paper, the MFL (magnetic flux leakage) signals of complex defects on the underground gas pipeline are analyzed and their depths are estimated. Since closely-located defects (complex defects) affect each other, accelerate the progress of defection, and are finally combined to one (cluster), it's meaningful to differentiate complex defects from single defects by analyzing their characteristics. Various types of complex defects are characterized and analyzed by defining the safety distance for interference. 26 artificial defects are carved on the pipeline simulation facility (PSF) to analyze the characteristics of complex defect and demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed complex defect estimation. The proposed method shows average length error of 5.8 mm, average width error of 15.55 mm, and average depth error of 8.59%, respectively.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

Sperm capacitation refers to polymerization of filamentous (F)-actin from globular (G)-actin. While the role of actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex in actin polymerization is well appreciated, the underlying mechanism(s) and its relationship with capacitation are poorly understood. Therefore, to evaluate the potential role of Arp2/3 complex on capacitation, bovine spermatozoa were incubated with multiple doses (1, 10 and $100{\mu}M$) of CK-636, an inhibitor of Arp2/3 complex with heparin. The cellular localization of the Arp2/3 complex in spermatozoa was identified by immunohistochemistry, whereas western blot was also applied to detect the protein tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins. Additionally, sperm motility and kinematic parameters were evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. CK-636 resulted in significant changes in the ratio of Arp2/3 complex localization between acrosome and equatorial region of the spermatozoa. Short-term exposure of spermatozoa to $100{\mu}M$ of CK-636 significantly decreased sperm motility, however a non-detectable effect on protein tyrosine phosphorylation was observed during capacitation. On the basis of these results, we propose that Arp2/3 complex is associated with morphological changes during capacitation and compromised sperm motility.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2000

Decision-makers in ecological system and social system have complex interactions and relations. Such interactions and relations are not predefined but dynamically constructed. We consider what relation-s are constructed or destroyed and how the relations change. Therefore, we focus on the formation and collapse of relations as one of the emergent phenomena of social or ecological complex phenomena. Game theory is the best way of analyzing phenomena in terms of interactions. However, it is difficult to analyze the dynamical system by game theory. Consequently, we propose Selecting Game with agents as players based on game theory. In this model, the relations among agents are not predefined but constructed by selecting subgames. As a result, we confirmed that the entire relation among agents is constructed by the agents＇ changing partial relations and that the relations dynamically change.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2019

In practice, the natural slopes are frequently with soils of spatial properties and irregular features. The traditional limit analysis method meets an inherent difficulty to deal with the stability problem for such slopes due to the normal condition in the associated flow rule. To overcome the problem, a novel technique based on the upper bound limit analysis, which is called the discretization technique, is employed for the stability evaluation of complex slopes. In this paper, the discretization mechanism for complex slopes was presented, and the safety factors of several examples were calculated. The good agreement between the discretization-based and previous results shows the accuracy of the proposed mechanism, proving that it can be an alternative and reliable approach for complex slope stability analysis.