• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.549-559
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the knowledge and educational needs related to recurrent in coronary artery bypass graft patients as a basis to provide an individual nursing education for the population. The subjects consisted of 110 patients who had coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) at Asan Medical Center in Seoul and Sechong hospital in Buchon. Data was obtained from a knowledge questionnaire and a learning needs questionnaire between November 1998 and February 1999. Data were analyzed using SAS program for Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results were as follows : 1. With regard to the 18 items to measure knowledge, the mean (median) of items 'don't know' was 4.9(4) items. The mean (median) of items answered wrong was 3.2(3) items. The number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less education, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension 2. With regard to the level of knowledge by questionnaire about CABG, The most "I dont know" (59.1%) highly response was 'He has to be treated with anticoagulant drug to prevent revasculized vessel from obstructing.' The seond highest response (56.4%) was 'If you were hypotensive, the coronary attack would collapse. 'During the hospitalized day, the patient has complete bedrest.' The highest error probability was cholesterol has not to intake.', 'After surgery, the sexual life is need controlled for 1 year. 3. The mean of educational needs was 3.38. With regard to the level of learning needs by sentence about CABG, 'Food that benefit heart disease', 'Recurrence possibility of heart disease', 'Management method of operation site', 'Risk symptom that visit hospital or report immediately' were higher than other sentenses. With regard to the level of learning needs by factor 'food(5 items)', 'disease(9 items)' and 'exercise(3 items)' showed the highest than other factors. The educational needs by patients characteristics tend to show higher in males, under the age of 49, middle or high school degree, previous experience of admission with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, expierience of PTCA, history of cerebro-vascular accident, previous expierience of smoking than in their counter parts. 4. The number of items answered 'don't know', wrong and correct weren't correlated with the level educational needs. As the results, the number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less educated, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension .There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' on anti-thrombolitic theraphy, hypotension and pain relief. Also there were higher frequency of items answered wrong on bed rest period, cholesterol intake, and sexual life. Educational needs were higher in young age group, had previous experience of procesure and history of other disease. And when we educate CABG patients, education for diet, recurrence possibility of disease, management methods of operation site and risk symptom should be emphasized.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.525-530
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• 2009

VTS(Vessel Traffic Service) has been established in navigational waters to improve the safety and efficiency of navigation and to prevent marine accidents which could cause a large amount of damages to the marine environment and shipping industries. There have been several reports on analyzing the causes of marine accidents happened around Korean waters of jurisdiction, and those reports contributed not only to the enlargement of waters where VTS operation was needed and but also the construction of VTS system which was necessary to provide vessels navigating in the service waters with safety-related information. However, the researches for the role of VTS in marine transportation were not still enough to increase the safety of navigation and to decrease the number of accidents. In this paper, in view of the fact that VTS operation is closely connected with the accidents, we analyzed that what parts of VTS operation are involved deeply with the causes of marine accidents in Busan Port, and then proposed a method to improve its performance most effectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2014

The system that covers gathering, integrating, exchanging, presenting and analyzing of information within ships and shores for the safety and security in Marine Environment is known as e-Navigation Policy. Northern Europe has been conducting research and development. It came up into a concept that deals with ship's route information between vessels as well as vessels to shores which is better known as route exchange system. The research showed substantial advantages on navigational safety by exchanging the route information between vessels in vicinity and vessels to shores. Therefore, upon the adaptation of route exchange System as a major function in integrated navigational system, the existing procedures in VTS could be changed for betterment. In this study, it was verified the effectiveness of route exchange system by the adaptation of a recent collision accident occurred in Korean coast and suggested that route exchange system which would be carried out by the discretion of VTS center in VTS area. Finally, it proposed the new functions for outstanding services and procedures of integrating traffic organization services on coastal VTS for an effective route exchange system in Korean coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2014

This study was carried out to research the locations and comprehensive functions of Chinese unique Banwoldang(half-moon shaped pond) appeared at the traditional Chinese villages. Based on the research, the time of Banwoldang being introduced into Chinese traditional culture could date back to Yuan Dynasty and villages that have Banwoldang mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River of China where wealthy and high class have lived. Bamwoldangs were mostly built at the front of the village clan halls for the prosperity of the whole clan, The main reason of Banwoldang construction was to complete Feng Shui functions and its goal from the point of Feng Shui in Chinese ancient villages was replenishing the power of location, including increasing the probability of passing the imperial examination for villagers, multiplying riches, minimizing the fire accident and perfecting the geomantic pattern 'leaning against the hill and facing the water(背山臨水)' of villages. Other functions of Banwoldang were found as the place for the community meeting, fish farming and protection of village from enemy. In this research, the reasons of Banwoldang location and values of its various functions were found. But Banwoldang is disappearing rapidly at the Chinese modern villages because there is no interest in traditional culture. Banwoldang is one of unique elements of Chinese culture that must be preserved, so its meaning and value should be lasted well as the Chinese traditional cultures.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

An aircraft maintenance hangar is a building that stores, maintains, and inspects expensive aircraft. The frequency of fire occurrence is low, but the resulting human and material damage can be very serious. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the fire safety of the currently operating fire suppression systems for aircraft maintenance hangars using the Fault Tree method, and then performed a quantitative analysis using the failure rate data for the derived basic events and analyzed the importance of the minimal cut sets. As a result of the qualitative analysis by the minimal cut set, it was found that there were 14 accident paths that could be expanded to a large fire, due to the fire control failure of the aircraft hangar fire suppression system. The quantitative analysis revealed that, the probability of the fire expanding into a large one is $2.08{\times}E-05/day$. The analysis of the importance of the minimal cut set shows that four minimal cut sets, namely the fire detector and foam head action according to the zone and blocking of the foam by the aircraft wing and the fire plume, had the same likelihood of causing the fire to develop into a large one, viz. 24.95% each, which together forms the majority of the likelihood. It was confirmed for the first time by fault tree method that the fire suppression system of aircraft maintenance hangars is not suitable for fires under the aircraft wings and needs to be improved.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

This study is based on parents that have preschool children of age 4~5, and analyzes the perception and parent education demand through parent experience of fire. As a result of the study about perception through parent experience about safety life, safety accidents, safety education of fire, the effect of parents' safety consciousness to fire safety life turned out to be moderate for fathers and large for mothers. The safety education method was mostly done in speaking than experience for fathers, while mothers did education through experience in daily life. Also the difficulties in safety education was lack of educating time for fathers while it was lack of knowledge and methods for mothers. Perception through parent experience of fire safety accidents showed that fathers did not have experience of fire safety accidents while mothers did. The locations perceived by parents where fires mostly occurred showed to be within home for both parents, and both administered first aid in managing fires. Perception through parent experience of fire safety education showed the importance of fire safety education to be important in both parents, and both parents had no experience in fire safety education. Also the fire safety education knowledge acquisition method was TV or the Internet for fathers, while it was participating in seminars or lectures for mothers. Fathers were moderately satisfied of the fire safety education instruction of childhood education centers, while mothers were slightly dissatisfied. For the demand of parent education about fire safety education, fathers were moderate while mothers thought it necessary of parent education necessity. The reason why parent education was needed was to be able to know immediate and prompt measures and first aid treatment in emergency situations for fathers, while it was to figure out the cause of fire safety accidents and prevent it beforehand for mothers. For the education institution of fire safety education, fathers demanded it for safety related institutions while mothers demanded it for children education institutions, and the number of times for parent education was once or twice a year for fathers while it was once a month for mothers. For the parent education instructor of fire safety education, fathers demanded safety education experts while mothers demanded infant teachers that completed the safety education course. For the fire safety education method of parent education, fathers demanded Internet searching while mothers demanded seminars or lectures.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.2_2
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• pp.307-311
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• 2018

It is necessary to establish wide integrated surveillance system of marine territory to reduce damage caused by maritime security threats, marine pollution and accidents for safe and clean marine use and efficient development of marine resources. For marine surveillance, the information characteristics of space-time specific, accuracy and operability are required, and real-time information about the wide area should be provided at all times. This special issue has been published to identify the characteristics of each platform, evaluate its usability for the establishment of a wide integrated surveillance system, and present the direction for future convergence studies between platforms. Since 2015, KIOST and cooperative research team have been performing the project, "Base research for building wide integrated surveillance system of marine territory using multi-platform" that detect vessels and red tide etc. near real time by using satellite, UAV and HF Ocean Radar. The objective of this special issue is to introduce the significance for an integrated system for maritime surveillance and to create a forum for discussion on recent advances in remote sensing technology and applications for marine disasters, pollution, and accident surveillance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to actualize a statistical model of the 3-detector simplification model, which was proposed to detect outbreak situations by Daganzo in 1997 and to verify the statistical appropriacy thereof. This study presents the calculation process of the 3-detector simplification model and realizes the process using a statistics program. Firstly, the model was applied using data on detector of the main highways on which there is no entrances or exits. Moreover, in order to statistically verify the 3-detector simplification model, accumulative traffics for 30 seconds period, which reflects the dynamic changes of traffics due to shock wave, were estimated for outbreak traffics and steady flow, and the error of acquired data was statistically compared with that of the actual accumulative traffics. As a result, the error ratio between steady and incident cumulative flows has reached its maximum after 2-3 hours from an accident. Moreover, the incident traffic flows by accidents and the stade flows are heterogeneous in terms of their dispersion and means.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.185-195
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• 2017

In recent years, unexpected bridge fire accidents have increased because of augmenting the number of traffic volumes and hazardous materials by the increment in traffics and distribution business. Furthermore, in accordance with the effort of using the under space of bridges, the ratio of occupied by combustible materials like oil tanker or lorry has been increased. As a result, the occurrence of bridge fire has been growing drastically. In order to mitigate the accident of bridge fire, risk assessment of bridge fire has been studied, however, practical risk models considering safety from users' viewpoints were scarce. This study represented quantitative risk assessment model applicable to national road bridges in Korea. The primary factors with significant impacts on bridge fire accidents was chosen such as clearance height, materials of bridges, arrival time of fire truck and fire intensity. The selected factors were used for Fire Dynamics Simulation (FDS) and the peak temperature calculated by FDS in accordance with the fire duration and fire intensity. The risk assessment model in bridge fire reflected the FDS analysis results, the fire damage criteria, and the grade of fire truck arrival time was established. Response plans for bridge fire accidents according to the risk assessment output has been discussed. Lastly, distances between bridges and fire stations were calculated by GIS network analysis. Based on the suggested assessment model and methodology, sample bridges were selected and graded for the risk assessment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2015

The fire accident is a representative type of disaster that can largely impact on business. Therefore, precautionary measures and rapid initial response is very important when a disaster occurs. The storage of porous combustibles is inevitable in coal yard, plywood processing industry, and others that are currently operating. Initial fire fighting of fire and identifying the ignition point in such a porous combustible storage space are so difficult that if the initial response is failed, being led to deep-seated fire, surface fire is likely to result in secondary damage. In addition, deep-seated fire can cause personal injuries and property damage due to a large amount of toxic gases and reignition. Therefore damage reduction measures is required around the storage space to handle a porous flammable. Improving the penetration performance of the concentration of the surfactant is carried out as underlying study, which is about an deep-seated fire extinguishing efficiency augmentation when using wetting agents. The porous materials used in the experiments is radiata pine wood flour, which occupies more than 75% of the domestic wood market. Fire fighting water is selected as Butyl Di Glycol (BDG), which is being used for infiltration extinguishing agent, and the experiment was carried out by producing a standard solution. The experiment was carried out on the basis of the Deep-Seated Fire Test of NFPA 18. The amount of watering, porous material to the internal amount of penetration, and runoff measurement out of the porous material was conducted. According to experimental results, as the surface tension is reduced, the surfactant concentration macroscopic penetration rate decreases, but infiltration to a porous material is shown to have growth characteristics.