• 기본간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence and factors influencing constipation in school age children in order to help prevent and manage this problem. Methods: The participants were 618 elementary school students (4th, 5th, and 6th grade) selected from five elementary schools. Data were gathered using questionnaires and analyzed using $x^2$ test, independent t-test and binary logistic regression with the PASW 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of constipation was 15.2% for these school age children. Factors influencing constipation in this population were high stress (OR: 5.77), daily intake of meat (OR: 5.42), more than 3 hours using the internet (OR: 4.50), more than 3 hours of private academy classes (OR: 2.83), obesity (OR: 2.34), and negative perceptions of school toilet environment (OR: 2.26). Conclusion: Psychological factors and physical activities have an important effect on constipation in school age children. Thus, there is a need to educate both children and their parents on prevention of constipation by decreasing stress, decreasing meat intake, increasing active movement and increasing positive perception of school toilet environment.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2024

목적 : 본 연구는 발달지연 아동을 대상으로 작업치료 프로그램이 학교준비도의 적응기술 영역과 일상생활 기술 영역에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 발달 지연의 만 5세 8개월 남아 1명을 대상으로 하였다. 프로그램은 1주일에 2번, 4주 동안 총 8회기 진행되었다. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)를 실시하였으며 목표 활동은 수업 준비하기와 화장실 이용하기였다. 사전-사후 검사와 후속 평가를 통하여 대상자의 변화를 비교하였다. 자료 분석은 대상자의 수행을 비디오로 녹화하여 실시하였다. 결과 : COPM의 결과는 수업 준비하기와 화장실 이용하기에서 수행도와 만족도 모두 향상을 보였다. 처리기술은 수업 준비하기에서 7개, 화장실 이용하기에서 8개의 향상을 나타냈다. 작업 수행 관찰결과 수업 준비하기와 화장실 이용하기에서 사후 검사와 후속 평가에서 향상된 결과를 나타냈다. 결론 : 작업치료는 발달지연 아동의 학교준비도 적응기술과 일상생활기술을 향상시키며 학교준비에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다.

• 교육시설
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2007

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.524-528
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to install RCR systems at a typical single family house and a school in Alabama, and evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of using the RCR systems for water harvesting in Alabama. The RCR systemswere equipped with a control system and a CR10X data logger to monitor the system operation and to collect data on precipitation, temperature, overflow, water depth in the storage tank and daily uses of toilet flushing. Daily average water use of the home for toilet flushing was 95 liter and 2100 liter was used at the school during the school days. Rainwater harvesting efficiency was 83.3 and 89 percent and RCR use efficiency was 18 and 98 percent from the home and the school, respectively. A computer program was developed to estimate potential effectiveness of RCR systems. From the analysis result with 10 years rainfall data, a total of 67,000 liters of rainwater could be harvested for domestic uses from a typical single family house which supplies 190 liters per day.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1473-1483
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• 2014

A public restroom is different from a household toilet in terms of location and a large number of sharing users. In addition, public restroom is usually messy and filthy. Recently, public toilet tends to be clearly managed than before, but it still has hygienic and clear problems. In this paper, we propose a machine-to-machine (M2M)-based public restroom management system to solve these problems, in which the system with a wireless communication device sends the status information of the toilet, such as blockage or trouble detected by a sensor, to the manager of the restroom at a remote location. In particular, we have developed a prototype management system for public restroom taking into account several system requirements, and verified the basic operations and performance of the management system. With the application of the system to public facilities, it will furnish users with more pleasant environments by restroom administrators who can respond effectively to the troubled toilet.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1212-1220
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• 2012

Objectives : This study is designed to survey of proper practice of toothbrushing place in elementary school, middle school and high school in some part of Gyeonggi-Do, and will be utilized for toothbrushing place management. Methods : It was randomly selected, 8 elementary schools, 6 middle school and 6 high school in Gyeonggi-do, surveyed whole students. Survey duration was from May 11th to May 20th in 2011. The surveying paper was consisted of questions of general characteristics, right practice of toothbrushing and toothbrushing after lunch etc. It was done under teacher's control. The Data was analyzed with SPSSWIN 18.0. Results : Students did toothbrushing 2 times/day. It wasn't done by Elementary students of 56.3%, middle school students of 68.5%, high school students of 39.3%. It was dominant reason for no brushing that Carrying toothbrush and toothpaste was annoying. When students washed their hands and rinsed their mouth, they used toilet facuet in over than 90% schools. Satisfaction ratio was very low in elementary, middle, high schools. 60% of students wanted to get mouth rinsing place in each school or separately nearby toilet. Conclusions : It was thought by 60% students of elementary, middle, high school that toothbrushing after meals was most important activity. But It was not well done after lunch. When whole student did toothbrushing together, they couldn't use mouthrinsing place comfortablely. There were no keeping places for toothbrushes. So more attention should be payed to make plenty mouthrinsing places and manage them well.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.103-103
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• 2007

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop an index of usability that reflects the needs and characteristics of the elderly. The usability index is used primarily to assess issues in the usability of a product. Methods : In this study, 22 items for mobile toilet usability index were developed by consulting with 12 elderly users, 6 caregivers, and 12 experts. The usability evaluation index was intended to increase reliability through preliminary and main evaluations. In addition, the validity of the items used as the usability evaluation index was verified to prove that the index is effective for the evaluation. Result : The usability index is a welfare tool developed by gathering data from various sources such as previous studies dealing with usability evaluation, characteristics of users, range of use, and environment of product use. Conclusion : The development of the usability index for mobile toilets was useful for the user to quantitatively derive the problem of the product. Consequently, user needs and usability problems can be identified, which can help improve product quality.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors related to hand washing practice among adolescents before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted using data from the 15th~16th (2019~2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, and the subjects of the study were 57,303 and 54,948 people who participated in the 2019 and 2020 study, respectively. The data were analyzed with frequency test, rao-scott 𝑥² test and multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS 27.0. Results: Changes in the hand washing practice rate were observed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in all five behaviors; before eating in school, after using the toilet in school, before eating at home, after using the toilet at home, and after returning home. The study found that the hand washing practice rate increased by 1.21-2.43 times after the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, as a result of logistic regression analysis, the hand washing practice rate before and after the COVID-19 pandemic was related to gender, region, school grade, school type, economic status, health status, and personal hygiene education experience. Conclusion: This study confirmed the importance of hand washing education to improve the hand washing practice rate in adolescents. It is necessary to develop and apply an effective youth hand washing education program in consideration of various variables that appeared as significant factors influencing the hand washing practice rate before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2019

본 연구는 서울 경기지역 만 65세 이상의 건강한 재택 노인을 대상으로 항목별 일상생활수행능력에 따른 주관적 건강상태, 즉 건강불안감의 정도를 알아보는 서술적 조사연구이다. 대상자에게 일상생활수행능력(ADLs)에 따른 1-5점까지 주관적 건강상태(건강불안감)를 설문하고, 항목별 일상생활수행능력의 정도에 따라 4개의 집단(매우 어려움, 어려움, 쉬움, 매우 쉬움)으로 나누어 Jonckheere-Terpstra검정과 선형회귀선을 활용하여 순위추세를 비교하였다. Jonckheere-Terpstra검정에서 "화장실 이용하기", "목욕하기", "물건 사러가기" 항목에 어려움을 호소할수록 주관적 건강상태의 불안감이 상응하는 순위차이를 보였고, 선형회귀선 상에서 "화장실 이용하기"의 기울기가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 건강한 재택 거주 노인의 경우 "화장실 이용하기", "목욕하기", "물건 사러가기"가 어려울수록 건강불안의 증가 즉, 주관적 건강상태가 나빠지므로 이에 적절한 다각적인 사회복서비스를 개발할 필요가 있다.