• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

Objectives : The object of this study was to examine computer game playing patterns and psychopathologies related to computer game addiction in school-age children. Methods : The subjects were 533 elementary school students (4th to 6th grade) in Kangdonggu, Seoul. We evaluated computer playing patterns of all subjects using computer game playing pattern questionnaire, and determined the risk group of computer game addiction by internet game addiction scale score. We evaluated subscale score of K-CBCL from parents of all subjects, and conducted correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis between computer game addiction and subscale score of K-CBCL. Results : In 488 responders, 10.2% of started playing computer game in preschool age, and 67.2% started at low grade of elementary school. The mean frequency of computer game play per week was 3.66 days. Mean time spent playing computer games per day was 1.89 hours. 'Simply for fun' was the most common reason far playing computer games (40.8%). Male subjects showed statistically significant differences in age of starting computer game, frequency of computer game play per week, reasons for playing computer game and computer game addiction scale scores. There were significant correlations between computer game addiction scale scores and academic performance, somatic complaints, attention problems, and internalizing problems in K-CBCL. But In logistic regression analysis, only attention problems among K-CBCL subscales showed significant predictability to computer game addiction. Conclusion : Upper grade elementary school students experienced computer game playing at the very early age, and spend much time in playing computer games. There were significant correlation and predictability between computer game addiction and attention problems.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.518-522
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of enuresis in association with voiding habits and socioeconomic status in elementary school children. Methods : A dynamic survey was done of 1,514 students from two elementary schools in Suwon, Korea in December 2006. Data regarding gender, age, height and weight, voiding habits, and monthly family incomes were gathered and analyzed to discover any correlation with the incidence of enuresis. The percentile value of height or weight was extrapolated from the standard population curve. Results : Among 1,514 children, 1,063 (70.2%) answered and returned the questionnaires. Overall, the prevalence of enuresis was 8.7% and there was no difference between the public (8.8%) and private school (8.7%). The family incomes of the students from the two schools differed greatly from each other, but there was no difference in the prevalence of enuresis between the two schools. Children with a habit of void-holding showed a higher prevalence of enuresis. No significant correlation was found between the prevalence of enuresis and the height and weight percentile of children. Experience with hospital visits was low among enuretic children (20.8%), suggesting that Korean parents tend to neglect treatment of enuresis for their children. The prevalence of enuresis decreased by 2.0% each year, as school children aged. Conclusion : The overall prevalence of enuresis among elementary school children in Suwon district was 8.7%. The 12.1% prevalence of enuresis at the seven years came down gradually, to be nil at the age of 13. Infrequent urination or void-holding was assumed to be one of the important factors causing enuresis in elementary school children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 1999

Purpose : Enterobiasis is probably one of the most common parasitic infection world-wide. Human is the only known host of Enterobius vermicularis. Children are more commonly infected with Enterobius vermicularis than adults and infections are commonly recurred. In Korea, there is a high prevalence. So, we performed this study to evaluate the present status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children in the Masan, Changwon areas and to determine the efficacy of flubendazole against this parasitic nematode. Methods : From November to December, 1997, urban and rural elementary school children and urban preschool children were examined for the presence of Enterobius vermicularis egg. All the children were examined once by an adhesive cellotape anal swab technique in the early morning at home by their parents guided by specific instructions for the technique. Results : 1) A total of 644 adhesive cellotape anal swab specimens was collected from 205 urban elementary school children, 290 rural elementary school children and 145 urban preschool children. Among them, 114(17.7%) were positive for Enterobius vermicularis eggs. There was no significant differences in the rate with regard to sex. 2) In the preschool children, the egg detection rate was 42(29.0%) out of 145 children. This rate was significantly higher compared with 72(14.4%) of 499 school children. 3) The egg detection rates in the rural and urban school children were 15.2, 13.7% respectively. There was no significant difference in both groups. In the 3rd grade and below in elementary school children, there was a higher rate compared with above 4th grade group. 4) In day care center where egg detection rate was high as 41%, the children were given two doses of 100mg flubendazole every 3 weeks, including staffs and family members. After treatment, egg detection rate fatted as 6%. Conclusion : Our data demonstrated that there was high prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection. In the light of these results, it is necessary to examine and treat children as soon as possible.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Objectives This study aims to build the baseline data for promoting school health care program by identifying satisfaction level and improvement point through the satisfaction survey after Korean medicine doctor's student health and wellness program in 2016. Methods An association of Korean medicine doctor in Seongnam city conducted Korean medicine doctor's student health and wellness program for 12 middle schools, 6 high schools and 1 special-need school in Seongnam city in 2016. The participating Korean medicine doctor visited each school for 8 times and conducted health consultations, health education classes and Korean medicine treatment for the school students and the school employees. Teachers and administrators from the participating schools answered the self-reported satisfaction questionnaires and the results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results 35 people responded the program satisfaction questionnaires, the overall satisfaction average was $9.40{\pm}0.88$ (out of 10). In the course of the program, satisfaction average regarding the student's health check-ups was $9.05{\pm}0.88$, satisfaction average regarding the informatory brochures for the parents was $9.08{\pm}1.09$, satisfaction average regarding the participation enrollment process was $9.06{\pm}1.16$, and the satisfaction average regarding the questionnaire statistics and the result reports was $8.86{\pm}1.93$. The satisfaction average of the program was as follows: health consultation ($9.20{\pm}1.08$), treatment ($9.31{\pm}0.90$), and health education classes ($8.78{\pm}1.68$). Some of the good things about program were 'Telling students about their physical condition' (57.1%), 'Curing the sick student quickly' (48.6%), 'Providing students with useful information about the health' (48.6%), 'Teaching students how to manage their health and how to manage symptoms' (42.9%). Average satisfaction about sustainability and needs of the program was $9.15{\pm}0.91$, and the participant teachers wanted to learn more about how to manage internet addiction (22.9%), stress (45.7%), atopy (28.6%), neck pain (42.9%), allergic rhinitis (37.1%), and low back pain (34.3%) from the future wellness programs. Conclusions Student health care is one of the most important issue in national health policies. We have designed a bridge model that a local community, school, and doctors can work together to develop. After the implementation of the program, the results of the satisfaction survey showed a very high satisfaction level. This study can be the basis for further improvement of the bridge program as well as the expansion of the program in other settings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.489-499
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to present basic data for an improvement of school foodservice by identifying students' preference level for school meal menu. A survey was carried out in two high schools provided with different types of consignment service in Daegu. Study subjects were consisted of 100 high school students from a school with on-site service and 119 students from the other school with external transporting service. More than half of students (54.2% of male and 68.3% of female) had normal weights while 13.5% of male and 30.1% of female students had underweights. 'Taste' and 'family' were the most important factors in meal choices and in eating habits, respectively of all the study subjects. Students who answered to have unbalanced diet (33.0%) were less in school with on-site service than those (56.1%) with external transporting service. Compared with on-site service, preferences for meats fruit and milk were higher and as cooking method, preference for blanching lower but stew, roasting and frying higher in the school with external transporting service. Various types of cooking methods and food materials were better accepted by the students with on-site service than those with external transporting service who preferred meat more exclusively regardless of cooking methods of main dish. Most kinds of kimchi was less liked by the students with external transporting service. It is concluded that low preference for most menus provided by the external transporting service is attributed by limitation in food materials, cooking methods and maintenance of food temperature. The limitation could be overcome by more intensive efforts for developing menus and using more efficient facilities and ultimately by changing meal service system in cooperation with school administrators, dietitians and parents.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.08a
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, as the importance of creative talent became more and more important, we recognized the urgent need for start-ups to innovate new growth industries and creative talents to lead these eras.And the importance of entrepreneurship education emphasized in entrepreneurship education and the necessity of creativity competency education.However, there is a lack of research on how creativity competency education affects entrepreneurship intention for college students. Especially, research on the moderating effect of social support on the effect of entrepreneurship through education is very insufficient. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of creativity competence education on the will of entrepreneurship and empowerment of social support. For this purpose, 393 college students were used for empirical analysis for 1 month from August 2016. As a result of this study, the ability of communicative communication and creative problem solving had a positive effect on self - efficacy. On the other hand, innovative work behavior abilities did not directly affect self-efficacy. In addition, creative problem solving ability and innovative work behavior ability had a positive effect on the will to start up. Collaborative communication skills, however, did not directly affect the willingness to start a business. Self - efficacy has a positive effect on the will of founding. Finally, the moderating effect of social support between self-efficacy and willingness to work was not directly affected. The implication of this study is that the effect of the creativity competency education on college students has a positive effect on the self - efficacy of self and the positive influence on the will to start up. The results of this study are as follows. First, it is found that the influence of social support (parental support) is not positively influenced by the control effect of the parents. In the case of college students, As well as the need to do so. Therefore, in order to further increase the willingness of young people to establish a university in the university, it is necessary to provide education and programs not only for direct education for college students, but also for improving the understanding of the talents and entrepreneurship required by the age of their parents.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 2021

This study aimed to explore the influence of family characteristics on the work-life balance of early adolescents. A series of data analyses was conducted on adolescents' use of time in daily life on the basis of 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS 2018). We found that the work-life balance of youth is related to their parents' health status, presence of older siblings, household income, parenting attitude, parent-child communication time, and mother's occupation. The work-life balance of the fifth graders is more likely to be influenced by family characteristics compared with that of the eighth graders. In particular, the fifth graders' sleep deprivation is affected by the mother's occupation, but there is no significant effect on the eighth graders' sleep deprivation. An important factor in skipping breakfast is household income, with adolescents from low-income families tending to skip breakfast more than five days a week. In addition, parents' health status and parenting attitude are significantly related to skipping of breakfast in early adolescents. Household income is related to the after-school private tutoring hours of both the fifth and eighth graders; however, parenting attitude and mother's occupation are also significant influencing factors of the fifth graders' after-school study. Mother's occupation is related to excessive cell phone use; specifically, the fifth graders whose mothers work white-collar jobs, sales and services or manufacturing are more likely to play with cell phones more than three hours a day than those whose mothers are full-time housewives. These results suggest that the work-life balance policies targeted at the family characteristics of adolescents can improve family environments in a manner that enhances adolescents' life balance, thus supporting the well-being of early adolescents and their families.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.397-405
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• 2001

The vision disturbances of school- age children has been recognized as and important school health problem. As the visual disturbances of the school-age children is recognized as the nation's health problem. the importance of the development of educational program for visual health should be emphasized. Recently, eyeball movement and other visual health management method has been introduced for prevention or recovery of decrease in visual acuity. But, the effect of eyeball movement was not confirmed yet. And, the controversy around the treatment effect is continued. The decrease of visual acuity is one of the important school health problem as well as it causes discomfort in daily life of the students. So, it should be considered as an important subject for school health and there is a need to develop an effective intervention program for visual health. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the program with the recognition of the need of the intervention for visual health. The visual health promotion program was developed by the researcher and the program was initiated by the school. Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was applied for study which examined the effect of the visual health promotion program. The subjects were 742 children (experimental group: 398; control group: 344). The experiment was composed of health education and eyeball movement. Health education was provided 5 times to the children in the class room. Children of experimental group exercised eyeball movement in the class, watching video for 10 minutes two times a day. The exercise was continued for 10 weeks. The result of the study were as follows. 1) change of visual acuity Before the intervention, mean of the visual acuity was .86 for the experimental group and .91 for control group. After the intervention, mean of visual acuity was .95 for the experimental group and. 90 for the control group. There was no significant difference in the change of visual acuity between experimental and control group. 2) change of refraction. In the experimental group, 327 eyes (41.08%) were normal vision and 469 eyes (58.98%) were eyes of refraction errors, 38.82 % of the total eyes were myopia. There was no significant change in the refraction in the children with myopia after the intervention. 3) Awareness of visual acuity, change of knowledge, behavior. and attitude (1) After the intervention, there was a significant difference in the awareness of visual acuity (experimental group: 70.10%. control group: 50.97%, p<.01). (2) After the intervention, there was a significant knowledge increase in the experimental group (pp<.01). (3) There was no significant difference in the visual health behavior after the intervention. (4) There was a significant positive change in the attitude related to visual health in the experimental group ( pp<.05). 4) There was a significant positive change in the subjective discomfort of the students. But, there was no significant change in the objective eye symptom after the intervention. Even though there was no effect in the visual acuity and the change of the refraction. subjective visual health as well as the attitude and knowledge' of the children and parents toward visual health was improved significantly. Also, there was an increase in the intention of change and the awareness for the visual health management. It is suggested that various educational strategies for visual health promotion should be developed and examined for the visual health promotion of the students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.530-541
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of food allergy, food allergy knowledge, and perception on food allergen labelling along with management of substitute meals in school foodservice in elementary school students in Jeju, South Korea. Methods: Six elementary schools in Jeju-si were randomly selected, and the higher grade elementary school students (n=1,500), from fourth graders to sixth graders, were surveyed using a questionnaire in July 2014. A total of 1,000 responses were used for data analysis. Results: The percentage of students who had experienced food allergy was 16.7%; 26.4% had been diagnosed as having a food allergy by doctors. Milk, crabs, and shrimps were the most frequent allergenic foods with common symptoms including urticaria followed by itching, and vomiting. As the student's grade went up, the knowledge scores on food allergy showed a significant increase. Although students with and without food allergy experience had a similar level of knowledge on food allergy and perception on food allergen labelling, students with food allergy experience had a significantly lower level of healthy dietary practices. Last, only 20.4% of students with food allergies were offered substitute meals by school foodservices, and 30.8% of students received food allergy education. Conclusion: For prevention and management of food allergies in school foodservice, schools should provide an individualized substitute meal plan and food allergy education to students, parents, and teachers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

Using the materials collected from nine farms in a three-way cross system to produce commercial pigs produced from F1 sows (Landrace $\times$ Large White) $\times$ Duroc, the power of individual discrimination and parentage of the 13 microsatellite (MS) marker set that has been suggested for individual/brand identification (traceability) was empirically tested. Initially, genotypes of the parental population ($F_1$ sows and Duroc), and commercial pigs were determined and the genotype frequency and polymorphic index were estimated using the Cervus 2.0 program. The probability of identity among genotypes of random individuals, that random half sibs and that of full sib individuals, based on the genotypes from 91 $F_1$ sows and Duroc were expected to be $4.94{\times}10^{-34}$, $8.16{\times}10^{-23}$ and $2.01{\times}10^{-08}$, respectively, using the API-CALC version 1.0 program. When commercial pigs were included, the estimates increased to $3.74{\times}10^{-35}$, $5.48{\times}10^{-25}$ and $2.96{\times}10^{-11}$, respectively. For the empirical verification of the estimated powers of individual discrimination and parentage, the parentage test was performed for 452 commercial pigs using PAPA version 2.0, and individuals with the same genotype were investigated using the Cervus version 2.0 program. Parents for all commercial pigs were successfully estimated and no identical individual was identified in the pedigree. Although the individual discriminating power was not fully verified because of the lack of individuals corresponding with the theoretical power, the 100% efficiency of parentage test was clearly confirmed. Therefore, we believe that the 13 MS marker set in conjunction with management record/information for the pig production kept in a farm/brand should be useful in the pork traceability in a brand unit.