• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 1995

Soil nailing has been widely rosed during the last two decades to stabilize sheep excavated slopes in several countries. In thin study, the discrete element method has been applied to evaluate the stability of the reiuorced slope. This method is capable of not only estimat ins tensile and sheer stresses mobilized in nails but also providing individual safety factors of soil and nails, It has been assumed that the nailed slope be comprised of slices connected with elastoplastic twinkler springs. A reasonable mechanism is applied for representing the behavior between nails and adj scent soils. Taking into account for the bequence of construction the developed method well predicts the measured tensile forces developed in nails so that it is possible to appropriately evaluate the overall safety factor.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 1997

Driving is a complex vigilance task that includes improper lookout, excessive speed and inattention. The primary objective of this research is to detect driver drowsiness so that the driver can be alerted to an impending traffic accident in performance. We developed the automatic detection and warning system during drowsy driving. A drowsiness detection system must be able to monitor driver status and detect the detrimental changes of a driver performance. Eyeblink has been found to be a reliable factor of drowsiness detection in earlier studies. As an additional parameter, we also considered the yawning which often occurs in a low vigilance state and predicts the drowsy state. We used a computer vision method to extract the eyeblink and yawning in the face image sequences. When the drowsy state was detected, the driver was refreshed by alarming device and menthol scent generator after deciding the warning level by fuzzy logic. For the evaluation of our system, we measured the physiological parameters such as EOG and EEG. The results indicated that it is possible to detect and alert the driver drowsiness temporarily or continuously by using our system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 2012

Recently, machine olfactory systems as an artificial substitute of the human olfactory system are being studied actively because they can scent dangerous gases and identify the type of gases in contamination areas instead of the human. In this paper, we present an effective design method for the gas identification system. Even though dimensionality reduction is the very important part, in pattern analysis, We handled effectively the dimensionality reduction by grouping the sensors of which the measured patterns are similar each other, where genetic algorithms were used for combination optimization. To identify the gas type, we constructed the hierarchical rule base with two frames by using rough set theory. The first frame is to accept measurement characteristics of each sensor and the other one is to reflect the identification patterns of each group. Thus, the proposed methods was able to accomplish effectively dimensionality reduction as well as accurate gas identification. In simulation, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methods by identifying five types of gases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

As coffee's taste and scent are emphasized, and interior atmosphere has changed along with sale of brand's own products, there are also epochal trend changes in interior. So, changes within the space should be focused onto open type self coffee shop, a new cultural space distinguishable from existing coffee shops. Therefore, in this study, the following results could be obtained by performing customer-centered, spatial structural characteristics research on 5 take-out coffee shops opened after 2005 that are practicing self service in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do regions. In this study, it was shown in the above results that location of the entrance, kitchen, and condiment bar, area per person, size and positioning of furniture, area of windows and doors, etc have strong influences for self service which customers themselves carry their food. Therefore, in planning the interior of self coffee ship in the future, presentation of more effective and practical space based on this analysis will be required.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.90-94
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• 1996

We studied the problem of driver's low vigilance state which is related to the one reason of traffic accidents. In this paper, we developed the drowsiness warning system for a drowsy driver. To extract the eyes and mouth from the driver's facial image in real time, a computer vision method was used. The eye blink duration and yawning were used as measurement parameters of drowsiness detection. When the drowsy state of a driver was detected, the driver was refreshed by the scent generator and the alarm. Also, the driver's bio-signal was acquired and analyzed to measure the vigilance state.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2019

The olfactory bio technology is largely based on its corresponding recognition technology and smell stimulus that acquires, analyzes, and processes volatile organic compounds present in chemical molecules, which are present in the breath or air evoked by an electronic nose artificially imitating the human biological nose. The olfactory bio technology is also based on a scent display technology that automatically diverges various digital flavors based on aesthetics, concentration, duration, and intensity information required to enhance the sensibility using a computer. Recently, attempts have been made to apply noninvasive screening of dementia by sensing, analyzing, encoding, and transmitting bio information obtained through an olfactory interface, both domestically and externally; further, the olfactory medical content technology has been applied to delay or reduce the onset of dementia. In this study, we will focus on early screening of dementia using olfactory biology information and dementia cognitive enhancer content that delays or reduces the onset of dementia.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.629-638
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• 2022

This work shows the impregnation of scents using a graphene sponge (GS). This was functionalized by the modified Hummers method, pursuing to add different functional groups. It is proposed to achieve the release and seek to control it through electrical potential applied to the graphene sponge with essential oils. The graphene sponge was functionalized and steeped with two kinds of oil. The electrochemical study demonstrates the variation in the electrochemical behaviour of the functionalized graphene sponge without and impregnated with oil. The release of the oil and its aromatic scents was carried out by applying an electrical potential of 30 V, with a release rate of 1.86 mg/min. The heating of the sample that causes the release of oil, associated with the electrical resistance of the system, reaches temperatures of about 150℃. The essential oils, graphene sponge, surfactant, graphene sponge with essential oils, graphene sponge recuperated after applying electric potential, graphene sponge recovered by temperature and dipropylene glycol (DPG) were characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), digital microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.40.1-40.8
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• 2022

The concepts of phylogeny and floral genetics play a crucial role in understanding the origin and diversification of flowers in angiosperms. Angiosperms evolved a great diversity of ways to display their flowers for reproductive success with variations in floral color, size, shape, scent, arrangements, and flowering time. The various innovations in floral forms and the aggregation of flowers into different kinds of inflorescences have driven new ecological adaptations, speciation, and angiosperm diversification. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to uncover the developmental and genetic basis underlying morphological diversification. Advances in the developmental genetics of floral display have provided a foundation for insights into the genetic basis of floral and inflorescence evolution. A number of regulatory genes controlling floral and inflorescence development have been identified in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus using forward genetics, and conserved functions of many of these genes across diverse non-model species have been revealed by reverse genetics. Transcription factors are vital elements in systems that play crucial roles in linked gene expression in the evolution and development of flowers. Therefore, we review the sex-linked genes, mostly transcription factors, associated with the complex and dynamic event of floral development and briefly discuss the sex-linked genes that have been characterized through next-generation sequencing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

This study examines the service satisfaction rate on high school students(637) in order to provide the basic data for marketing direction by analyzing the importance and satisfaction rate of the service quality. In IPA for the service quality, as the following properties are high in expectation as well as satisfaction they needed to maintain. They are the taste, scent, saltiness, proper temperature of the food, the quantity main food, nutritional value, the degree of freshness, and the smell of dining room. The following properties need the excessive efforts. They are the number of side dishes, eating place, the shape and material quality of dish, the costume of dining workers. As the following showed low importance degrees as well as satisfaction degrees, they don't need concentrated efforts. They are the harmony of color and shape, the interior design of the dining room, the arrangement of tables and chairs, the atmosphere of dining room, and the effect of nutrition instruction. As the education of nutrition is compulsory among the school group meal, the analysis based on the response of questioned students is supposed to be more careful. The items showing low satisfaction degrees while high importance degrees are considered to make an operational plans for the improvement through a variety of menu, the quality of food, the quantity for side-dishes, health control, the cleanness of dishes, the kindness of cooks, the performance of nutritionists, the charge of school meal, and meal time.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.341-353
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• 2023

In this study, we aimed to develop a fermented green rice beverage with a unique flavor and physiological function activity. With glutinous green rice and rice nuruk as independent variables, we modeled the antioxidant characteristics and α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibitory activity of glutinous green rice fermented beverage to verify its significance. The total flavonoid content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were selected as Quadratic models, and DPPH radical scavenging ability and α-amylase inhibitory activity were selected as linear models. For the sensory characteristics of glutinous green rice fermented beverage, sweetness, sourness, savory taste, bitterness, throat feel, nuruk scent, and overall preference increased in preference as the amount of glutinous green rice and rice nuruk increased, but significantly decreased after the center point (p<0.01). A blending ratio of 180.00 g of glutinous green rice and 400.00 g of rice nuruk had the highest preference among all the sensory items. Based on these results, we developed a green rice fermented beverage with unique flavor and physiological function activity of rice using glutinous green rice and rice nuruk, and the optimal blending ratio was determined to be 164.04 g of white rice, 195.96 g of glutinous green rice, and 414.61 g of rice nuruk.