• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD, which is commonly called a 'Bisroot' strain, has been appropriately used for the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains, in the form of active endospores, can successfully reach the target intestine. Goal of this study was to develop an industrial medium for growth and sporulation of B. polyfermenticus SCD. From the results of effect of mixed carbon sources on growth and sporulation of B. polyfermenticus SCD, glucose 2% and starch 2% was particularly found to be the most effective for the maximum number of spore production, resulting in spore cells of $4.3{\times}10^9\;spores/mL$ with a sporulation yield of 91%. For the effect of nitrogen sources, the maximum spore cells of $5.7{\times}10^9\;spores/mL$ of B. polyfermenticus SCD with a sporulation yield of 97% was obtained when B. polyfermenticus SCD was cultivated in an optimum nitrogen source medium containing 5% soybean flour. A medium involving proper phosphate salt yielded the maximum number of a spore cells of $6.0{\times}10^9\;spores/mL$ with a sporulation yield of 95%. Finally, the efficacy of an industrial medium (KH5 medium) on growth and sporulation of B. polyfermenticus SCD was investigated in jar fermenter. The higher number of viable cells $(3.3{\times}10^{10}\;cells/mL)$ and spore cells $(3.0{\times}10^{10}\;spores/mL)$ were obtained in 5 L fermenter when compared with a 500 mL baffle flask cultivation. Thus, KH5 medium developed in this study shows promise as an industrial medium because of higher cells and sporulation yield.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated in vitro inhibitory activity of wild-simulated ginseng (WSG) against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using HepG-2 cells. T0901317 treatment increased the lipid accumulation in HepG-2 cells, but WSG treatment inhibited T0901317-mediated lipid accumulation. In addition, WSG downregulated T0901317-mediated expression of SREBP-1c, ACC, FAS and SCD-1 protein. In addition, WSG increased the phosphorylation level of LKB1 and AMPK. Compound C treatment blocked WSG-mediated downregulation of SREBP-1c protein. In conclusion, WSG is considered to inhibit the accumulation of lipids and triglycerides in HepG-2 cells by inducing the activation of LKB1 and AMPK successively, thereby reducing the expression of FAS, ACC, and SCD-1 through suppression of SREBP-1c expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2018

Objective: Genome wide association study was conducted to identify and validate candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition of pork. Methods: A total of 480 purebreed Duroc pigs were genotyped using IlluminaPorcine60k bead chips while the association test was implemented following genome-wide rapid association using Mixed Model and Regression-Genomic Control (GRAMMAR-GC) approach. Results: A total of 25, 29, and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. Genome wide significant variants were located on the same region of swine chromosome 14 (SSC14) that spanned from 120 to 124 Mb. Top SNP ALGA008191 was located at 5 kb near the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene. This gene is directly involved in desaturation of stearic acid into oleic acid. General relationship of significant SNPs showed high linkage disequilibrium thus genome-wide signals was attributed to SCD gene. However, understanding the role of other genes like elongation of very long chain fatty acids-3 (ELOVL3) located on this chromosomal segment might help in further understanding of metabolism and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Conclusion: Overall, this study provides evidence that validates SCD gene as strong candidate gene associated with fatty acid composition in Duroc pigs. Moreover, this study confirms significant SNPs near ELOVL3 gene.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.282-292
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• 2022

Background: Aging societies face social problems of increased medical expenses for older adults due to increased geriatric diseases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the state change of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and out-of-pocket medical expenses in the elderly aged 60 or older. Methods: The 2014-2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data were used for 2,202 elderly people. Four status change groups were established according to the change in the number of chronic diseases. The association between the change of MCC and the out-of-pocket medical cost was analyzed using the generalized estimating equation model analysis. Results: The average out-of-pocket total medical costs were 1,384,900 won for participants with MCC and 542,700 won for those without MCC, which was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001). Compared to the reference group (simple chronic disease, SCD→SCD), the change in multiple chronic conditions significantly increased the total out-of-pocket medical expenses in MCC→MCC and SCD→MCC groups (MCC→MCC: 𝛽=0.8260, p<0.0001; SCD→MCC: 𝛽=0.6607, p<0.0001). Conclusion: In this study, it was confirmed that the prevalence of MCC increased with age, and the out-of-pocket medical cost increased in the case of MCC. Continuity of treatment can be achieved for patients with MCC, and the system and management of treatment for MCC are required to receive appropriate treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

Most construction information is being recorded in the form of electronic document. However, design documents generated in current practice are not suitable in share and exchange of information for disaster management. This study proposes how to develop th e XML Schema based semantic model of structural calculation document (SCD) for systematic storage and management of SCD information. in addition, 5 basic data types are developed for various expression forms appeared in the structural calculation documents. A prototype semantic model for steel bridge superstructure is developed based on the proposed method, and it is observed that the proposed method can be effectively used to build a standardized semantic model of SCD.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

In this paper, we proposed a verification of speaker change utilizing the KL distance based on GMM-UBM to improve the performance of conventional BIC based Speaker Change Detection(SCD). We have verified Conventional BIC-based SCD using KL-distance based SCD which is robust against difference of information volume than BIC-based SCD. And we have applied GMM-UBM to compensate asymmetric information volume. Conventional BIC-based SCD was composed of two steps. Step 1, to detect the Speaker Change Candidate Point(SCCP). SCCP is positive local maximum point of dissimilarity d. Step 2, to determine the Speaker Change Point(SCP). If ${\Delta}BIC$ of SCCP is positive, it decides to SCP. We examined verification of SCP using GMM-UBM based KL distance D. If the value of D on each SCP is higher than threshold, we accepted that point to the final SCP. In the experimental condition MDR(Missed Detection Rate) is 0, FAR(False Alarm Rate) when the threshold value of 0.028 has been improved to 60.7%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2020

Carcass traits are the most economically important traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Recently, the development of the field of genomics has made it possible to identify DNA markers for the genetic evaluation of carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers related to carcass traits by field evaluations in a commercial Hanwoo population. We evaluated 15 SNP markers (TG g.371T>C, APM1 g.1454G>A, FABP4 g.2834C>G, FABP4 g.3533T>A, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, SCD g.10329T >C, CPE g.601T>C, EDG1 g.166A>G, NPY g.4271T>C, GPD1 g.2766C>T, PDE1B g.17122A>G, PDE1B g.17507A>C, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G) related to carcass traits in Hanwoo. Genotyping of these SNP markers was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis in Hanwoo steers (n = 1,536) to evaluate their association with carcass traits. Seven SNPs, APM1 g.1454G>, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, CPE g.601T>C, PDE1B g.17122A>G, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G, were significantly associated with carcass traits such as marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BF), musculus longissimus dorsi area (LDA), carcass weight (CW), meat grade (MG), meat color (MC), and maturity score (MA). The results suggest that these SNPs may be used as DNA markers for the selection of Hanwoo with higher meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2012

Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers. To determine the SNP effect on somatotropic hormone concentration and lipogenesis, we measured plasma GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. We also measured mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1) and FA composition in diaphragm tissues. Heifers with genotype CC had the lowest plasma insulin concentration and FASN and SCD mRNA levels among genotypes. FASN mRNA levels in haplotype A tended to positively correlate with saturated FA (SFA) content and negatively correlated with C18:2 and unsaturated FA (USFA) contents. SCD mRNA levels in haplotype A positively correlated with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents and negatively correlated with C18:0 content. They also tended to positively correlate with C16:1, C18:1, and USFA contents and USFA/SFA ratio and negatively correlate with SFA content. Taken together, GH gene polymorphism affects the lipogenic genes expression levels and their relationships with fatty acid compositions in diaphragm tissues of JB heifers at 31 months of age.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1558-1567
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• 2023

Objective: Dietary green cabbage was evaluated for its impact on fatty acid synthetic ability in different adipose tissues during fattening of Wanxi White geese. Methods: A total of 256 Wanxi White geese at their 70 days were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates and fed 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% fresh green cabbage (relative to dry matter), respectively, in each group. Adipose tissues (subcutaneous and abdominal fat), liver and blood were collected from 4 birds in each replicate at their 70, 80, 90, and 100 days for fatty acid composition, relative gene expression and serum lipid analysis. Two-way or three-way analysis of variance was used for analysis. Results: The contents of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) were feeding time dependently increased. The C16:0 and stearic acid (C18:0) were higher in abdominal fat, while C16:1, oleic acid (C18:1), and C18:2 were higher in subcutaneous fat. Geese fed 45% green cabbage exhibited highest level of C18:3. Geese fed green cabbage for 30 d exhibited higher level of C16:0 and C18:0 in abdominal fat, while geese fed 30% to 45% green cabbage exhibited higher C18:3 in subcutaneous fat. The expression of Acsl1 (p = 0.003) and Scd1 (p<0.0001) were decreased with green cabbage addition. Interaction between feeding time and adipose tissue affected elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6), acyl-CoA synthetase longchain family member 1 (Acsl1), and stearoly-coA desaturase 1 (Scd1) gene expression levels (p = 0.013, p = 0.003, p = 0.005). Feeding time only affected serum lipid levels of free fatty acid and chylomicron. Higher contents of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:3 were associated with greater mRNA expression of Scd1 (p<0.0001), while higher level of C18:2 was associated with less mRNA expression of Scd1 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Considering content of C18:2 and C18:3, 30% addition of green cabbage could be considered for fattening for 30 days in Wanxi White geese.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2018

Coronary spasm generally occurs in patients with minimal atherosclerotic plaque lesion, and it has a rather favorable prognosis. However, in some cases, coronary spasm may induce myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death (SCD). Here, we report a case in which multi-vessel intractable coronary vasospasm suddenly occurred in a diffuse atherosclerotic lesion after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a patient with aborted SCD. We identified the characteristics of the spasm portion in intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images and conducted percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support-PCI with stenting as treatment. Intima and media thickening and a large attenuated plaque burden with rupture were identified in IVUS images at the obstructive spasm portion.