• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2003

천해에서 포물선 근사 (parabolic approximation)에 기초한 저주파 양상태 잔향음 모델 (LHYREV-B, Low-frequency Hanyang Univ. Reverberation model-Bistatic)을 제안하였다. LHYREV-B 모델에서는 해저와 해저지형 내의 상호작용을 포함하는 음향모델에 수평입사에 독립인 산란함수를 이용하여 양상태 잔향음을 계산하였다. 모델의 검증을 위하여 실측 잔향음 신호와 비교하였으며, 비교 결과 LHYREV-B 모델이 저주파 잔향음 예측에 적합함을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2002년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제21권 1호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2002

연안역의 천해 해저면에 설치된 ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, 300kHz, 1200kHz)를 이용, 천해에서 체적 산란강도(volume scattering strength) 수직분포의 시간적인 변동 특성을 알아보았다. 수심 85m와 113m에서 ADCP로 측정한 산란강도의 일주기 변동성은 동물플랑크톤(zooplankton)으로 추측되는 산란체의 일주기 수직 이동(daily vertical migration)의 원인으로 추정되었다. 그러나 수심 20m의 천해에서 관측된 산란강도의 시변동성은 경험적 직교 함수(Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF) 분석 결과 해저면 부근의 변화가 천해 체적 산란의 변동성에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2017

소나 운용에서 잔향음은 수중 표적 탐지의 제한요소이기 때문에 정확한 예측이 중요하다. 최근에는 단상태소나 연구에서 공간적으로 송수신기의 위치가 다른 양상태 소나에 대한 연구로 확장되고 있는 추세이다. 양상태 잔향음을 모의하기 위해서는 양상태 음파전달, 양상태 산란강도 및 산란단면적 등에서 단상태와 다른 복잡한 계산이 요구된다. 전 세계적으로 양상태 잔향음에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있지만 잔향음을 예측하는데 중요한 요소인 양상태 산란단면적을 정확하게 계산하는 방법에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 본 논문에서는 거리 독립 환경의 양상태 잔향음모의에서 두 원의 교차되는 면적을 응용하는 새로운 산란단면적 계산 방법을 제안한다. 최종적으로 본 논문의 양상태 산란단면적 계산 방법으로 모의된 잔향음 준위는 기존에 제안되었던 방법들의 예측값과 비교되며 2013년 5월에 수행된 해상 실험의 측정값과 비교를 수행하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.749-756
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• 2003

Hydroacoustic and open-closing zooplankton net survey were conducted to understand the characteristics of the sound scattering layer (SSL) and to estimate the density of an euphausiid (Euphausia pacifica) in the SSL, in the northwestern part of the East China Sea. The survey was carried out during July 6-9 2002 at 8 sampling stations for zooplankton. The virtual echogram technique was used to identify E. pacifica from all acoustic scatters. Mean volume backscattering strength difference $(MVBS_{120kHz-38kHz})$ and target strength equation for E. pacifica were derived from the Distorted-wave Born Approximation (DWBA) model. Although vertical migration of the SSL is similar to the general pattern, dispersion at night shows some differences. Estimated mean density using acoustic data ranged from $20.4-221.4\;mg/m^3$ over the whole depth, and $87.1-553.5\;mg/m^3$ in the SSL. The density using the zooplankton net ranged from $0.2-362.4\;mg/m^3$ and was not related to net deploying method. The results from the acoustic and net survey suggest that E. pacifica might be an important zooplankton community in the northwestern part of the East China Sea.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.790-805
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 유리섬유 강화 에폭시 복합재료의 파괴 강도와 피로 수명을 정 규분포, 로그 정규 분포와 2모수 및 3모수 Weibull 분포 함수의 기대값으로 살펴 보았 다. 2연속 응력 피로 실험 [작은 응력에서 큰 응력으로의 실험(low-high test), 큰 응력에서 작은 응력으로의 실험(high-low test)]의 결과도 분포 함수들을 사용하여 분 석하였다. 비통계학적 누적 손상 법칙들(non-statistical cumulative damage rules) 을 2연속 응력 피로 수명 분산 예측에 이용하기 위해서 동등 순위 가정(equal rank assumption)을 확장하여 수정하였다. 수정한 누적 손상 모형은 Miner의 법칙, Brou- tman과 Sahu의 손상모형 및 Hashin과 Rotem의 모형 등이다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1998

It is required the superior materials for the parts of machines or structures, which could be endurable in severe load and environment. According to advancement of casting technology, nodular graphite cast iron is used as suitable for such condition. But nodular graphite cast iron is scattering of fatigue strength and low reliability. Therefore in this study, the effect of matrix structure and number of nodular graphite on the initiation of fatigue crack and fatigue strength. It was found that the material which has relatively high ferrite volume fraction was more easily cracked than other materials and fatigue limit was low. The material which has not found pinhole on the surface, the crack was initiated in graphite went through ferrite and propagated into through graphite, but separated graphite and ferrite grain boundary and combined with other cracks to fro large one.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2012

Acoustical backscattering characteristics of Japanese anchovy can be estimated by Kirchhoffray mode model (KRM model) due to estimate exact body and swim-bladder shape of the fish, the samples were rapidly frozen by dry-ice and alcohol. X-ray photos for ventral and lateral direction for 6 samples were taken and the 3D coordinates of the body swim-bladder were estimated by digitizing from the photos. The angles between the axis of body and swim-bladder were about $9^{\circ}$ at 38kHz and $7^{\circ}$ at 120kHz, 200kHz. General formula of TS and BL estimated were < $TS_{38kHz}$ >=20logBL-67.3, < $TS_{120kHz}$ >=20logBL-66.6, < $TS_{200kHz}$ >=20logBL-67.0. As a result, we confirmed KRM model is very useful to estimate TS (Target Strength) for design of experiment and it also can be applied to estimate the abundance of Japanese anchovy distributed by 2 frequency difference method in the survey area.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2005

A mono-static high frequency acoustic target strength analysis scheme was developed for underwater targets, based on the far-field Kirchhoff approximation. Au adaptive triangular beam method and a concept of virtual surface were adopted for considering the effect of hidden surfaces and multiple reflections of an underwater target, respectively. A test of a simple target showed that the suggested hidden surface removal scheme is valid. Then some numerical analyses, for several underwater targets, were carried out; (1) for several simple underwater targets, like sphere, square plate, cylinder, trihedral corner reflector, and (2) for a generic submarine model, The former was exactly coincident with the theoretical results including beam patterns versus azimuth angles, and the latter suggested that multiple reflections have to be considered to estimate more accurate target strength of underwater targets.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1997

This study was intended to investigate the proper shape and size of calcium carbonate for the improvement of paper properties and its end use performance. We loaded calcium carbonate of various shapes and size in the handsheet and measured their physical and optical properties. Results obtained from the study are summarized as follows : 1. Due to different particle shapes and sizes, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) contributed greater to bulk improvement than ground calcium carbonate (GCC). Scalenohedral form of PCC produced the bulkiest sheet, GCC made the sheet bulkier as average particle size increases. 2. Tensile strength increased as average particle size was increasing. GCC kept tensile strength more effectively than PCC. The effect of particle size on tensile strength was much more pronounced as filler addition level was increasing. 3. Over the average particle size of 6.99$\mu$m, GCC gave much higher burst strength and internal bond than PCC did. In the filler levels of 20% and 30%, GCC by using bigger size fillers showed 50~100% improvement in some cases than PCC at the same filler content. 4. Tear strength increased as average particle size was increasing. At the filler level of 30%, PCC decreased tear greatly. 5. Over the average particle size of 13.56$\mu$m, GCC kept bending stiffness greater than PCC. Due to its shape, Scalenohedral form of PCC showed higher stiffness than others at the same particle size. 6. Cubic and acicular form of PCC improved light scattering coefficient very effectively. Light scattering coefficient of GCC decreased as average particle size increased. 7. Both of particle shape and size of filler were important factor in developing optical properties and bending stiffness. Particle size was the only important factor in developing other strength properties

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 천해의 거리 독립환경에서 저주파수 대역의 잔향음 준위를 계산하는 정상모드 잔향음 모델 개발을 제안하였다. 정상모드를 이용하여 음원에서 산란체, 산란체에서 수신기까지의 음파 전달을 계산하였다. 산란 면적에서 상하로 전달되는 음파는 각 모드를 이용하여 고려하였다. 산란함수는 기존에 제시된 해저면 조건을 고려한 람베르트 공식(Lambert's law)과 반사각 부근에서는 Kirchhoff 근사법에 의한 가우시안 형태를 조합하였다. 제안 모델을 검증하기 위해 미국 ONR(Office of Naval Research)이 지원한 제 I회 잔향음 모델링 워크샵(Reverberation Modeling Workshop I, RMW I)의 XI, XV번 문제를 기준으로 상대비교를 수행하였다.