• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2013

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows non-invasive, cross-sectional optical imaging of biological tissue with high spatial resolution and acquisition speed. In principle, it is analogous to ultrasound imaging, but uses near-infrared light instead of ultrasound, measuring the time-delay of back-scattered light from within biological tissue. Compared to ultrasound imaging, it exhibits superior spatial resolution (1~10 um) and high sensitivity. Therefore, OCT has been applied to a wide range of applications such as cellular imaging, ophthalmology and cardiology. Here, we describe a novel application of OCT technology in visualizing microneedles embedded in tissue that is developed to deliver drugs into the dermis without the injection mark in the human skin. Detailed three-dimensional structural images of microneedles and biological tissues were obtained. Examining structural modification of microneedles and tissues during insertion process would enable to evaluate performance of various types of microneedles in situ.

• 천문학논총
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2008

We present analytical approximations for calculating the scattering and escape of non-ionizing photons from a plane-parallel medium with uniformly illuminated by external sources. We compare the results with the case of a spherical dust cloud. It is found that more scattering and absorption occur in the plane-parallel geometry than in the spherical geometry when the optical depth perpendicular to the plane and the radial optical depth of the sphere are the same. The results can provide an approximate way to estimate radiative transfer in a variety interstellar conditions and can be applied to the dust-scattered diffuse Galactic light.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1668-1672
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• 2013

We developed a standoff Raman detection system for explosive molecules (EMs). Our system was composed of reflective telescope with 310 mm diameter lens, 532 nm pulse laser, and Intensified Charge-Coupled Device (ICCD) camera. In order to remove huge background noise coming from ambient light, laser pulses with nanosecond time width were fired to target sample and ICCD was gated to open only during the time when the scattered Raman signal from the sample arrived at ICCD camera. We performed standoff experiments with military EMs by putting the detector at 10, 20 and 30 m away from the source. The standoff results were compared with the confocal Raman results. Based on our standoff experiments, we were able to observe the peaks in the range of 1200 and $1600cm^{-1}$, where vibrational modes of nitro groups were appeared. The wave numbers and shapes of these peaks may serve as good references in detecting and identifying various EMs.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.155-158
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• 2001

The layup optimization by genetic algorithm (GA) for the strength of laminated composites with free-edge is presented. For the calculation of interlaminar stresses of composite laminates with free edges, extended Kantorovich method is applied. In the formulation of GA, repair strategy is adopted for the satisfaction of given constraints. In order to consider the bounded uncertainty of material properties, convex modeling is used. Results of GA optimization with scattered properties are compared with those of optimization with nominal properties. The GA combined with convex modeling can work as a practical tool for light weight design of laminated composite structures since uncertainties are always encountered in composite materials.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.93.2-93.2
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• 2013

Polarization of the light scattered by the lunar surface contains information on the mean particle size of the lunar regolith, which gradually decreases by continued micro-meteoroid impact over a long period and thus is an age indicator of the surface. We performed multi-band (U, B, V, R and I) polarimetric observations toward the whole near side of the Moon at the Lick observatory using a 15-cm reflecting telescope with 1.1km/pixel spatial resolution at the center of the lunar disk. We analyze the color dependence of the polarization properties of the lunar regolith and discuss its implication for the study of lunar swirls.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권1호통권94호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1999

This paper presents results of monitoring grinding processes with on-the-machine measurement of surface roughness by using nux ratios of scattered lights. A compact, on-the-machine surface roughness sensor. which consists of a diodelaser and several optic units. is developed. The control unit is also developed. The developed sensor together with the controller is applied for monitoring grinding processes of two different grinding machines. Experimental results show that the nux ratios and their standard deviations measured by the developed sensor over the entire ground surface are useful for monitoring grinding conditions. In particular, the sensor and the control unit are proved to be useful for monitoring grinding processes in order to detect abnormal grinding conditions and dressing time.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2005

The influence of fluorescence, scattering, and absorbance in turbid material by light scattering was interpreted by the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength. The effect of optical property in scattering media was investigated. It is very important to study the charge coupled device(CCD) in spectrometry because we can use the molecular energy level, molecular structure, absorption or emission, intermolecular reaction, weakly bound molecular energy, photochemistry, fluorescence and photodynamic therapy. CCD is very essential to study the molecular structure and medical engineering combined laser spectroscopy in the modem physical and chemistry. Accordingly, this study has designed and manufactured the electromagnetic spectrometry with CCD, and has analyzed the hematoporphyrin derivative.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical analysis of the link that exists between microfinance and poverty alleviation. The analysis is driven by literature searches on empirical works done by different researchers in different contexts. Qualitative research methodology was adopted, following a desktop approach. An empirical literature review took a centre stage in this investigation. An analysis of empirical works shows that microfinance enhances poverty alleviation despite the challenges such as the Indian Andhra Pradesh crisis. The paper is limited to a review of empirical sources of literature. A field survey, supported by an econometric analysis would have helped to generate robust results. This paper attempts to bring together the empirical works that were done in different contexts to shed light on the important relationship between microfinance and poverty. Many research works on microfinance depend upon personal anecdotes, thus this present paper attempts to compile the scattered empirical findings on microfinance and poverty alleviation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1989

Secretory ducts in the stem of Panax ginseng seedlings are observed with light and electron microscopes to clarify development of the epithelial cells of secretory ducts. Secretory duct initial cell is developed from procambial cell which originated from initial cell is differentiated into ipithelial cell ofsecretory ducts. Intercellular space between the epithelial cells are gradually expanded and differentiated into duct lumen. Disintegrations of epithelial cells occur throughout all the stages of development. The cytoplasm of epithelial cells darken and the epithelial cell wall are lysed, preceding their disintegraton. In the epithelial cell organelles are scattered in the cytoplasm. Development of vcuoles are sparse at the early stage. Starch grains decreased gradually, while lipid droplets increased. Free ribosomes are distributed throughout the cytoplasm and secretory vesicles which originated from rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex are fused with the plasmalemma. These suggest that the cellular metabolism is active. Microtubules and plasmodesmata are typically observed in the thickened epithelial cell wall. Secretions are accumulated in duct lumen.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2009

Cave 79 of Kumtura grottoes, is the best preserved cave, which has an important meaning for research on Uighur costume. This paper is intended to analyze the costume characteristics of female donors in Cave 79 by comparing image materials between Dunhuang murals and other murals in Xinjiang province. In Cave 79, female donor wears red robe with tight sleeve, whose collar is crescent-shaped decorated. Two different opinions are upheld for this decoration. One regards this as the turn-down collar, while the other believes this as decoration on V-neckline. Red robe is quite common in female donors of Xinjiang and Dunhuang murals and a female in fresco is wearing a crown in a triangle red headwear style, regarded as red silk and drooping at head. Female donors wear an extra coat, kame hair clasp, red jacket, light-colored high-waist skirt with a long-tail waistband, and tangerine Pibo (silk ribbon) with scattered small flowers. All these costume styles are commonly-used by Han females. The kame headwear is also the common ornament for Han females and the female's hairstyle is in cone shape on head by a white kame. Current costumes are similar but not completely same.