• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 1996

Monoanionic nickel(Ⅲ) complexes, [Ni(dmbit)2]1- and [Ni(dmbbip)2]1- where dmbit2- and dmbbip2- denote 2-thiobenzo[d]-1,3-dithiole-5,6-dithiolate and 1,2-bis(isopropylthio)benzen-4,5-dithiolate, respectively, have been synthesized by the iodine oxidation of dianionic complexes. In the scanning electron microscopic(SEM) images, these complexes show the well-grown two-dimensional layered structures which are clearly comparable to the dianionic ones with three-dimensional structures. Magnetic susceptibilities of nickel(Ⅲ)complexes are fitted well with the two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet model of S=1/2 system resulting in the spin-exchange parameters (|J|/k) of 11.4 K and 0.45 K, respectively. The weaker magnetic interaction in [Ni(dmbbip)2]1- is resulted from the bulky isopropyl groups on the periphery of dmbbip ligand. EPR measurements for [Ni(dmbit)2]1- give the signal with axial symmetry and the anisotropic g-values for low-spin nickel(Ⅲ) (g//=2.158, g =2.030,gav=2.074 at 300 K; g//=2.162, g =2.038, gav=2.080 at 77 K). It is therefore concluded that nickel(Ⅱ) is oxidized to nickel(Ⅲ), rather than dmbit2- and dmbbip2- ligands are, by the iodine oxidation. The paramagnetic Ni(Ⅲ) would be located in the axial symmetry(D4h) with the electronic configuration of (dxz2dyz2dz22dxy1dx2-y20).

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.209-222
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• 1997

Authors surveyed the ground water near the waste disposed from a fiberglass production factory to confirm the presence of glassfiber in the water and to determine the effect of sampling conditions and storage on the recovery of fibrous materials in the ground water. Sample was collected at every 4 hours for 48 hours consecutively. After finishing the 48 hours sample, water sampling was done from each tap after repeated turning on and off the water for 30 seconds at each time. Sample was collected in the two 1.5 liter polyethylene bottle after vigorously shaking the bottle with the same water several times with the flowing tap water. At each paired sample, one bottle was stored stand still at room temperature, and the other sample was filtered immediately after sampling. Water was filtered on the Mixed Cellulose Ester filter with negative pressure. Each sample was divided into upper and lower layer. The other bottle was stored at room temperature standstill for 7 days and filtered in the same fashion as the other pair of sample did. Each MCE filter was divided into 4 pieces and one piece was treated with acetone to make it transparent. Each prepared sample was observed by two researchers under the light and polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ra microanalysis. Fibers were classified by the morphology and polarizing pattern under the polarizing microscope, and count was done. 1. There was a significant fluctuation in number of the fibers, but there was no specific demonstrable pattern. 2. Non-polarizing fibers frequently disappeared after 7 days's storage. But cluster of fibers were found at the wall of the same container by scratching technique. 3. Polarizing fibers were usually found in between the filter and the manicure pasted area. Possible explanations for this phenomenon will be that either these fibers are very light or have electronic polarity. Hence, these fibers are not able to be attached on the surface of slide glass. 4. Under the scanning electron microscopic examination, the fibers which are not refractive under the light microscopy were identified as glassfiber. Other fibers which is refractive under the polarizing microscopy were identified as magnesium silicate fibers. It is strongly suggested that development of standardized method of sample collection and measurement of fibrous material in the water is needed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.434-444
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of three different implant surface treatments to the bone formation during osseous healing period under unloading conditions. Machined, double-acid etched and anodic oxidized implants were inserted into tibia of 3.0 - 3.5 kg NZ white male rabbits and 2 animals of each group were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The specimens containing implant was dehydrated and embedded into hard methylmethacrylate plastic. After grinding to $50{\mu}m$, the specimens were stained with Villanueva bone stain. From each specimen, histomorphometric evaluation and the bone implant contact rate were analysed with optical microscope. The results were as follows; 1. In the scanning electronic microscopic examination, machined surface implant had several shallow and paralleled scratches on plain surface, double acid-etched implant had lots of minute wrinkles, rough valley and also irregularly located craters that looked like waves, anodic oxidized surface implant had porosity that minute holes were wholly distributed on the surface. 2. After 2 weeks of implantation, the percentages of bone-to-implant contact in the machined implant, double acid-etched implant and anodic oxidized implant were 26.85%, 62.64% and 59.82%, after 4 weeks of implantation they were 64.29%, 77.85% and 75.23%, and after 8 weeks they were 82.66%, 85.34% and 86.39%. 3. After 2 weeks of implantation, the percentages of bone area between threads in the machined implant, double acid-etched implant and anodic oxidized implant were 21.55%, 42.81%, and 40.33%, after 4 weeks of implantation they were 49.32%, 62.60% and 75.56%, and after 8 weeks they were 71.62%, 87.73% and 83.94%. In summary, percentages of implant surface contacted to bone trabeculae and bone formation area inside threads in double acid-etched implants and anodic oxidized implants were greater than machined implants in early healing stage. These results suggest that double acid-etched and anodic oxidized surface implants could reduce the healing period for osseointegration and may enable to do early function.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2008

한국에서는 그동안 콘크리트구조물에서 알칼리-실리카 반응에 의한 피해 사례가 학계에 보고된 바가 거의 없는 상태이다. 최근 일부 고속도로 콘크리트 포장에서 알칼리-실리카 반응에 의한 균열과 스펄링 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 최근 몇몇 국가에서 콘크리트용 골재의 알칼리-실리카 반응성을 조기에 판정하는데 효과가 있는 ASTM C 1260 촉진 모르타르 봉 방법으로 한국산 암석에 대하여 재령별 팽창 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 한국산 골재 중 화성암 골재 10종 중에서 14일 재령에 0.1% 이상의 팽창이 발생한 골재는 복운모 화강암, 규장암이 반응성이 있는 것으로 실험되었다. 퇴적암 골재 5종 중에서는 14일 재령에 0.1% 이상의 팽창이 발생한 골재에는 장석사암, 적색사암, 셰일로서 잠재적인 알칼리-실리카 반응성이 있는 것으로 실험되었다. 변성암 골재 11종 중에서 14일 재령에 0.1% 이상의 팽창이 발생한 골재에는 충남 보령 점판암으로서 0.303%의 팽창이 발생하여 반응성이 매우 큰 골재임을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 한국산 골재에서도 알칼리-실리카 반응에 의한 팽창 현상이 크게 발생함을 알 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2009

전자종이 등 전기영동을 이용한 디스플레이 기술에 사용하기 위한 대전 입자를 유무기 복합 형태로 제조하였다. $TiO_3$와 $Co_3O_4$를 core 입자로 사용하여 Poly(methyl methacrylate)를 분산 중합으로 코팅하였다. 또한, 코팅 고분자에 charge moiety를 부여하여 $TiO_2$ core 입자는 양전하의 복합입자로 $Co_3O_4$ core 입자는 음전하의 복합입자로 제조하였다. 제조된 대전입자는 중합 후 구형의 형태를 갖게 되었음을 전자현미경을 통하여 확인을 하였다. 대전 복합입자를 전기영동에 사용하기 위하여 전기영동 유체와 유사한 밀도를 갖도록 조절하였다. $TiO_2$ 입자의 밀도는 고분자 코팅 전후 4.02 g/$cm^3$에서 1.44 g/$cm^3$로 변화하였고, $Co_3O_4$ 입자의 경우 입자의 밀도가 6.11 g/$cm^3$에서 1.49 g/$cm^3$로 변화하였다. Urea, melamine, formaldehyde를 벽물질로 하여 흑백 입자를 각각 포함하는 microcapsule을 in-situ polymerization 방법으로 제조하였으며, 균일한 크기와 투명한 microcapsule이 제조되었음을 video 현미경을 통하여 확인하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1996

This study was performed to estimate the effects of cultured bone cell inoculated on porous type hydroxyaptite for the regeneration of the artificial alveolar bone defect. In this experiment 3 beagle dogs were used, and each of them were divided into right and left mandible. Every surgical intervention were performed under the general anesthesia by using with intravenous injection of Pentobarbital sodium(30mg/Kg). To reduce the gingival bleeding during surgery, operative site was injected with Lidocaine hydrochloride(l:80,000 Epinephrine) as local anesthesia. After surgery experimental animal were feeded with soft dietl Mighty dog, Frisies Co., U.S.A.) for 1 weeks to avoid irritaion to soft tissue by food. 2 months before surgery both side of mandibular 1st premolar were extracted and bone chips from mandibular body were obtained from all animals. Bone cells were cultured from bone chips obtained from mandible with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum under the conventional conditions. Porous type hydroxyapatite were immerse into the high concentrated cell suspension solution, and put 4 hours for attachin the cells on the surface of hydroxyapatite. Graft material were inserted on the artificial bone defect after 3 days of culture. Before insertion of cellinoculated graft material, scanning electronic microscopic observation were performed to confirm the attachment and spreading of cell on the hydroxyapatite surface. 3 artificial bone defects were made with bone trephine drill on the both side of mandible of the experimental animal. First defect was designed without insertion of graft material as negative control, second was filled with porous replamineform hydroxyapatite inoculated with cultured bone marrow cells as expermiental site, and third was filled with graft materials only as positive control. The size of every artificial bone defect was 3mm in diameter and 3mm in depth. After the every surgical intervention of animals, oral hygiene program were performed with 1.0% chlorhexidine digluconate. All of the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 weeks after surgery. For obtaining histological section, tissus were fixed in 10% Buffered formalin and decalcified with Planko - Rycho Solution for 72hr. Tissue embeding was performed in paraffin and cut parallel to the surface of mandibular body. Section in 8um thickness of tissue was done and stained with Hematoxylin - Eosin. All the specimens were observed under the light microscopy. The following results were obtained : 1. In the case of control site which has no graft material, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone forming tendency were revealed compared with experimental groups. But bone surface were observed depression pattern on defect area because of soft tissue invasion into the artificial bone defect during the experimental period. 2. In the porous hydroxyapatite only group, inflammatory cell infiltration was prominet and dense connective tissue were encapsulated around grafted materials. osteoblastic activity in the early stage after surgery was low to compared with grafted with bone cells. 3. In the case of porous hydroxyapatite inoculated with bone cell, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone formation activity was revealed than hydroxyapatite only group. Active new bone formation were observed in the early stage of control group. 4. The origin of new bone forming was revealed not from the center of defected area but from the surface of preexisting bony wall on every specimen. 5. In this experiment, osteoclastic cell was not found around grafted materials, and fibrovascular invasion into regions with no noticeable foreign body reaction. Conclusively, the cultured bone cell inoculated onto the porous hydroxyapatite may have an important role of regeneration of artificial bone defects of alveolar bone.