• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-94
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• 2009

Werner syndrome (WRN), or adult progeria, is a very rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the appearance of accelerated aging, including cataracts, gray hair, skin atrophy, and atherosclerosis. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the WRN gene and had a high risk of a spectrum of rare neoplasms including: i) non-epithelial malignant or pre-malignant tumors/conditions, osteosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas, malignant melanomas, myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome; ii) an epithelial neoplasm, thyroid carcinoma, and iii) meningiomas. Recently, authors experienced a case of Werner syndrome complicated by bone metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma in a 20-year old Korean man. The patient revealed a painful mass on his right knee and progeroid features, short stature, scalp alopecia, abnormal dentition, craniofacial disproportion, hypothyroidsm, cataracts and osteoporosis. The onset of symptoms of Werner syndrome generally precedes any later symptoms of associated conditions, such as malignant tumor. Therefore, early recognition of Werner syndrome is important to assist identification of malignant tumors at an early stage in this patient group.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 2020

Background: Epidermoid cysts are benign tumors derived from the infundibular portion of hair follicles and thus have a flattened surface epithelium and keratohyaline granules. They can occur at any age but are most frequently reported in adults, and more often occur in men than women. Most epidermoid cyst operations are performed for cosmetic purposes, or to relieve inflammation. The definitive treatment is complete excision or destruction of the cyst. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of epidermoid cysts. Methods: We analyzed 432 cases of epidermoid cyst in 398 patients that underwent complete excision and biopsy between April 2001 and March 2020, according to patient age, patient gender, and lesion location. Results: From all epidermoid cyst excisions performed, 17.6% were for patients in their 40s and 50s, 16.8% for those in their 20s, 16.1% for those in their 30s, 14.6% for those aged 60 or older, 5.0% for teenagers, and 0.5% for those under 10 years. Cases of epidermoid cysts occurred at a men-to-women ratio of about 3:2, with 59.5% of cases in men and 40.5% in women. By lesion location, 65.0% of cases were on the face, 10.9% on the trunk, 7.9% on the scalp, 7.9% on the neck, 4.3% on lower extremities, 3.9% on upper extremities, and 0.2% on genitalia. On the face, 20.8% of cases were on the cheek, 12.7% on the periauricular area, 10.9% on the periorbital area, 6.0% on the frontal area, 5.6% on the mental area, 3.7% on the perioral area, 2.8% on the nasal area, and 2.5% on the temporal area. Conclusion: The proportion of women with epidermoid cysts was higher in our study than in previous studies. Moreover, the results showed that surgery has been on the rise in recent years, with facial surgery being the most common.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2009

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor(PTT) is a rare neoplasm derived from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Malignant transformation is rare, but abrupt enlargement of size, infiltrative growth, and non-scalp location are suggestive of malignant PTT. Histopathologic characteristics of malignant PTT are nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, and mitotic figures. Recurrence and metastasis have been documented in malignant PTT. Wide resection of the tumor with the normal tissue and accurate follow-up is the treatment of choice of the both malignant and benign PTT. We report a 51-year-old man with the mass on right 5th finger distal phalanx for 7 years. The tumor was excised with middle phalangiectomy, and based on the histopathologic findings of the tumor, this case was diagnosed as mailignant PTT. We cannot detect recurrence and metastasis because the patient was lost to follow-up.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.799-806
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• 2006

Fungi cause a number of plant and animal diseases. Because fungi are more chemically and genetically similar to animals than other organisms, this makes fungal diseases very difficult to treat. Human fungal infections are uncommon in normally healthy persons, being confined to conditions such as candidiasis (thrush) and dermatophyte skin infections such as athlete's foot. However, in the immunocompromised host, a variety of normally mild or nonpathogenic fungi can cause potentially fatal infections. Furthermore, the relative ease with which people can now visit 'exotic' countries provides the means for unusual fungal infections to be imported into this country. Fungal infections or mycoses are classified depending on the degree of tissue involvement and mode of entry into the host. These are Cutaneous, Subcutaneous, Systemic, and Opportunistic. As listed above, in superficial mycoses infection is localised to the skin, the hair, and the nails. An example is 'ringworm' or 'tinea', an infection of the skin by a dermatophyte. Ringworm refers to the characteristic central clearing that often occurs in dermatophyte infections of the skin. Dermatophyte members of the genera Trycophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton are responsible for the disease. Tinea can infect various sites of the body, including the scalp (tinea capitis), the beard (tinea barbae) the foot (tinea pedis: 'athlete's foot') and the groin (tinea cruris). All occur in the United Kingdom although tinea infections, other than pedis, are now rare. Candids albicans is a yeast causing candidiasis or 'thrush' in humans. As a superficial mycoses, candidiasis typically infects the mouth or vagina. C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the vagina and gastrointestinal tract and is termed a 'commensal' However, during times of ill health or impaired immunity the balance can alter and the organism multiplies to cause disease. Antibiotic treatment can also alter the normal bacterial flora allowing C. albicans to flourish. If we study mycoses of the orient medicine, we can improve the medical skills about mycoses.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.779-785
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• 2019

By applying an ergonomically developed Bismuth shield to the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysm the radiation dose of the scalp and lens from the medical radiation exposure was reduced. The enrtance surface dose was analyzed by measuring the occipital parts, bilateral temporal parts, bilateral quadriceps, and nasal tip of the developed bismuth shield using a photostimulable fluorescence dosimeter before (Group A) before use (Group B). Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) analysis were used to evaluate the image quality when Bismuth shielding was used. The mean entrance surface dose of A group and B group was 26.92% lower than that of A group. The analysis of CNR and SNR was the same for both Roadmap and DSA. The use of Bismuth shielding is an alternative that can reduce the radiation impairment due to temporary hair loss and other stochastic effects that may occur after cerebrovascular intervention.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 1997

To estimate association of minerals relating to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) the contents of essential minerals and toxic heavy metals in the scalp hair were measured during the period from March 1993 to June 1993. The cases were selected 69 (32 male, 37 female) from the patients who visited Kyungpook University Hospital during the period from March 1993 to June 1993 and 74 controls (47 male 27 female) from normal population. zinc, copper, manganese, lead, cadmium and aluminum were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer(IL. 551). The results were summarized as follows. In NIDDM group, mean contents of zinc and copper were $132.99{\pm}19.66$ ppm, $8.58{\pm}5.07$ ppm respectively; where as $152.51{\pm}46.15$ ppm, $12.48{\pm}6.56$ ppm in control group. The mean of above two mineral content showed significant difference statistically (p<0.01). But, in manganese the content of NIDDM group; $0.44{\pm}0.27$ ppm were significantly higher than the control group; $0.34{\pm}0.18$ ppm(p<0.05). A thesis submitted to the Council of the Graduate School of Kyungpook National University in partial fulfillment of the require ements for the degree of Ph.D. in Medical Science in June 1994. The mean contents of toxic metals - lead, cadmium, aluminum - in NIDDM group were $10.04{\pm}4.60$ ppm, $0.57{\pm}0.12$ ppm, $11.31{\pm}3.98$ ppm; whereas $8.10{\pm}2.45$ ppm, $0.41{\pm}0.23$ ppm, $7.61{\pm}4.16$ ppm in control group. The mean of above three mineral showed significant difference statistically(p<0.01). Cadmium, zinc and copper were selected statistically significant variables with presence of the NIDDM by multiple logistic regression analysis; copper, zinc and cadmium may be associated with NIDDM.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 2001

Background : The coronal incision is versatile surgical approach to upper and middle region of the facial skeletal including the zygomatic arch. The advantages of coronal approach are minimal injury of facial tissue including facial nerve and satisfactory cosmetic result by hidden scar at hair. But wide exposure of scalp, its disadvantages are operation time and massive blood loss. Methods : Thirty patients undergoing elective surgery were divided 3 groups. Group I used only coronal approach, group II used coronal with subciliary approach and group III used coronal with subciliary and intraoral approach. And then retrospected of the preoperative, postoperative red blood cell count, hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit, transfused red blood cell units and platelet cell units, and the amount of infused crystalloids and colloids, and postoperative hemovac count was estimated. Results: 1. Red blood cell count were decreased in all groups at immediated postoperation and decreased in all group of postoperative first day and decreased in group I, II but increased group III of postoperative third day. 2. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased in all group at immediated postoperation and decreased in all group of postoperative first day and decreased in group I, II., but increased group III postoperative third day. 3. Platelet was decreased in all group at immediated postoperation, and decreased in group II, III but increased in group I of postoperative first day and decreased in group I but increased group II, III of postoperative third day. 4. Mean postoperative hemovac mean drainage group I of first day is $48.63{\pm}21.12ml$ and second day is $23.92{\pm}19.53ml$ and third day is $7.82{\pm}5.32ml$ and group II of first day $60.45{\pm}22.65ml$ and second day is $22.14{\pm}13.21ml$ and third day is $7.32{\pm}6.25ml$. III group of first day $58.16{\pm}10.13ml$ and second day is $21.27{\pm}11.72ml$ and third day is $7.13{\pm}4.90ml$. 5. Infusion of group I is mean PRC $1.08{\pm}0.91$ pint, FFP $1.03{\pm}0.75$ pint, crystalloid $2562.23{\pm}1345.53ml$ and group II is mean PRC $1.05{\pm}0.89$ pint, FFP $1.71{\pm}0.78$, crystalloid $2650.47{\pm}1096.36ml$ and group III is mean PRC $1.79{\pm}1.45$ pint, crystalloid $3295.43{\pm}1472.432ml$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2019

Cerebral nervous system intervention has been reported frequently due to radiation exposure such as blistering of the skin, hair loss, and erythema due to prolonged procedures. By applying ergonomically manufactured Bismuth (atomic number 83; Bi) shield to endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms, we aimed to minimize radiation exposure of scalp and lens from medical radiation exposure. The measurement site was the posterior part of the head, bilateral temporal part, bilateral quadriceps part, nose part, and the measuring part was attached to the optically stimulated Luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) Before and after the use, the entrance surface dose was compared and analyzed. The average entrance surface dose of group A (unshield) was 92.44 mGy, and group B was measured at 67.55 mGy. The average decrease in Group B was 26.92% compared to Group A. The entrance surface dose mean of the occipital region was measured at 146.08 mGy B group at 103.23 mGy and decreased by an average of 29.32% in group B compared to group A. The average entrance surface dose of the bilateral temporal part was measured in group A at 101.90 mGy group B at 72.69 mGy and decreased by an average of 28.67% in group B compared to group A. The average entrance surface dose for bilateral quadriceps part was measured at 27.51 mGy group B at 21.39 mGy and averaged 22.26% less in group B than group A. It is believed that the use of bismuth shields will be an alternative to reducing radiation disturbance due to temporary hair loss and other stochastic effects that may occur after the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms procedure.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2000

Objectives : The present study was performed to reveal differences between female and male cases of alopecia in their alopecia related variables such as patterns of hair loss, psychiatric characteristics, associate illnesses, and methods of treatment, and to use them as basic materials for proper management and early prevention of the alopecia prone cases. Methods : In order to analysis the gender difference in hair losses, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the 51 cases of female alopecia and the 42 cases of male alopecia, who had visited to the department of psychiatry consulted from the department of dermatology, Yongsan hopital, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1998 to December 1998. In data analysis, the subjects were statistically assesed by chi-squre test and analysis of varaiance, through SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V. Results : 1) Female subjects were more likely showed lower socio-economical level including lower eonomical level, lower educational level, or lower occupational level in their parent's job, were more likely to have larger number of siblings and to have many sisters comparison to the male cases. 2) Female subjects were more likely visited to the department of dermatology, more history of alopecia in their female family members, lesser history of alopecia in their male family members, more loss of hairs in vertex or frontal region of scalp, lesser loss of hairs in occipital region, and lesser nail changes in comparison to the male cases. 3) Female subjects were more suffered from intra-familial conflicts and economical changes, or their introverted personality makeup, lesser likely suffered from changes of business and health changes, and showed lesser conflicts related with poorer adaptaion in their job life. 4) Female subjects were more likely diagnosed as depression or conversion disorders, more frequently complaint anxiety symptoms or depressive symptoms, higher level of anxiety index, lesser complaint somatization or obsessive compulsive symptoms, and lesser diagnosed as anxiety disorder in comparison to the male cases. 5) Female subjects were more likely tended to show personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends than the male cases. 6) Female subjects were more significantly treated by antianxiety drug such as etizolam and dermatological therapies include tretinoin, and lesser treated by clotiazepam and prednicarbonate in comparison to the male cases. Conclusion : From the facts that The most important factors in developing hair loss in the female subjects in comparison to the male cases seems to be closely correlated with the serious psychopathology such as the presence of mental disorders including depression, the presence of complaining anxiety or depressive symptomatology, the presence of stressful life events such as intrafamilial life changes, and the presence of personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends, the authors confirmed that dermatologists act as the primary care physician are in a unique position to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and execute meaningful intervention for female patients with the alopecia with psychiatrists.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.107-119
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• 2002

Astrocyte, which shares the greatest part of the brain (about 25%), is a land of glial cell that composes the central nervous system along with microglia, ependymal cell and oligodendroglia. It has 7-9nm of fibers in its cytoplasma, which are composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. As for the functions of the astrocyte, it has, so far, been supposed that the astrocyte will play a cytoskeletal role in maintaining the structure of the cerebrum, play a role as a blood-brain barrier so that it can induce migration of the neuron in its development and substances in the blood cannot go into the nervous tissue, and a role of immunology and phagocytosis. However, it was revealed today that it will be a role in preventing expansion of injury by attaching itself to the connective tissue such as the vessel and the pia mater when the nervous tissue or the arachnoid is injured. Microcurrent stimulation can control current, on the basis of A unit. That is, with such devices using it, it is possible to sense, from the outside, the injured current(wound current) of the lesion and to change it into the normal current, thereby promoting the restoration of the cells. In order to examine the effects of microcurrent stimulation on the injured astrocytes in the rabbits, this study was conducted with 24 New Zealand White Rabbit as its subjects, which were divided into 8 animals of the experiment group and 16 animals of the control group. After the animals in the experiment group were fixed to the stereotaxic apparatus, their hair was removed and their premotor area(association area) perforated by the micro-drill for skull-perforation with the depth of 8mm from the scalp. In one week after the injury, 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were sacrificed and examined with immunohistochemical method. And in three weeks, the remaining 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were also sacrificed and examined with the same way. The conclusion has been drawn as follows : In the control group sacrificed in one week after the injury, the astrocytes somewhat increased, compared with the normal animals, and in the group sacrificed in three weeks after the injury, they increased more (p < 0.05). The experiment group A in one week showed a little increase, but there was no significant differences, but the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase, compared with the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). The experiment group B in one week showed more increase than the control group or the experiment group A, and the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase than the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). Among the astrocytes, fibrous astrocytes were mostly observed, increasing as they are close to the lesion, and decreasing as they are remote from it. The findings show that microcurrent can cause the astrocytes to proliferate and that it will be more effective to stimulate the cervical part somewhat remote from the lesion rather than to directly stimulate the part of the lesion. Thus, microcurrent stimulation can be one of the methods that can activate the reaction of astrocytes, which is one of the mechanism for treating cerebral injury with hemorrhage. Therefore, this study will be used as basic research data for promoting restoration of functions in the patient with injury in the central nervous system.