• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2010

A comparative study on the trade-off between the drive current and the total gate capacitance in double-gate (DG) and triple-gate (TG) FinFETs is performed by using 3-D device simulation. As the first result, we found that the optimum ratio of the hardmask oxide thickness ($T_{mask}$) to the sidewall oxide thickness ($T_{ox}$) is $T_{mask}/T_{ox}$=10/2 nm for the minimum logic delay ($\tau$) while $T_{mask}/T_{ox}$=5/1~2 nm for the maximum intrinsic gate capacitance coupling ratio (ICR) with the fixed channel length ($L_G$) and the fin width ($W_{fin}$) under the short channel effect criterion. It means that the TG FinFET is not under the optimal condition in terms of the circuit performance. Second, under optimized $T_{mask}/T_{ox}$, the propagation delay ($\tau$) decreases with the increasing fin height $H_{fin}$. It means that the FinFET-based logic circuit operation goes into the drive current-dominant regime rather than the input gate load capacitance-dominant regime as $H_{fin}$ increases. In the end, the sensitivity of $\Delta\tau/{\Delta}H_{fin}$ or ${{\Delta}I_{ON}}'/{\Delta}H_{fin}$ decreases as $L_G/W_{fin}$ is scaled-down. However, $W_{fin}$ should be carefully designed especially in circuits that are strongly influenced by the self-capacitance or a physical layout because the scaling of $W_{fin}$ is followed by the increase of the self-capacitance portion in the total load capacitance.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

It is progressing as new advents and remarkable developments of mobile device every year. On the upper line reason, NAND FLASH large density memory demands which can be stored into portable devices have been dramatically increasing. Therefore, the cell size of the NAND Flash memory has been scaled down by merely 50% and has been doubling density each per year. [1] However, side effects have arisen the cell distribution and reliability characteristics related to coupling interference, channel disturbance, floating gate electron retention, write-erase cycling owing to shrinking around 20nm technology. Also, FLASH controller to manage shrink effect leads to speed and current issues. In this paper, It will be introduced to solve cycling, retention and fail bit problems of sub-deep micron shrink such as Virtual negative read used in moving read, randomization. The characteristics of retention, cycling and program performance have 3 K per 1 year and 12.7 MB/s respectively. And device size is 179.32 $mm^2$ (16.79 mm ${\times}$ 10.68 mm) in 3 metal 26 nm CMOS.

• 천문학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.129-149
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• 1991

An attempt has been made to examine the characteristics of acoustic and MHD waves generated in stellar convection zones($4000\;K\;{\leq}\;T_{eff}\;{\leq}\;7000\;K$, $3\;{\leq}\;\log\;g\;{\leq}\;4.5$). With the use of wave generation theories formulated for acoustic waves by Stein (1967), for MHD body waves by Musielak and Rosner (1987, 1988) and for MHD tube waves by Musielak et al.(l989a, 1989b), the energy fluxes are calculated and their dependence on effective temperature, surface gravity and megnetic field strength are analyzed by optimization techniques. In computing magneto-convection models, the effect of magnetic fields on the efficiency of convection has been taking into account by extrapolating it from Yun's sunspot models(1968; 1970). Our study shows that acoustic wave fluxes are dominant in F and G stars, while the MHD waves dominant in K and M stars, and that the MHD wave fluxes vary as $T_{eff}^4{\sim}T_{eff}^7$ in contrast to the acoustic fluxes, as $T_{eff}^{10}$. The gravity dependence, on the other hand, is found to be relatively weak; the acoustic wave fluxes ${\varpropto}\;g^{-0.5}$, the longitudinal tube wave fluxes ${\varpropto}\;g^{0.3}$ and the transverse tube wave fluxes ${\varpropto}\;g^{0.3}$. In the case of the MHD body waves their gravity dependence is found to be nearly negligible. Finally we assesed the computed energy fluxes by comparing them with the observed fluxes $F_{ob}$ of CIV(${\lambda}1549$) lines and soft X-rays for selected main sequence stars. When we scaled the corrected wave fluxes down to $F_{ob}$, it is found that these slopes are almost in line with each other.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-184
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• 2016

Long-span suspension bridges have evolved through the years and with them, the bridge girder decks improved as well, changing their shapes from standard box-deck girders to twin box and multi-box decks sections. The aerodynamic characteristics of the new generation of twin and multiple-decks are investigated nowadays, to provide the best design wind speeds and the optimum dimensions such bridges could achieve. The multi-box Megane bridge deck is one of the new generation bridge decks, consisting of two side decks for traffic lanes and two middle decks for railways, linked between them with connecting beams. Three-dimensional CFD simulations were performed by employing the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) algorithm with a standard Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model, for $Re=9.3{\times}10^7$ and angles of attack ${\alpha}=-4^{\circ}$, $-2^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $2^{\circ}$ and $4^{\circ}$. Also, a wind tunnel experiment was performed for a scaled model, 1:80 of the Megane bridge deck section, for $Re=5.1{\times}10^5$ and the aerodynamic static coefficients were found to be in good agreement with the results obtained from the CFD-LES model. However the aerodynamic coefficients determined individually, from the CFD-LES model, for each of the traffic and railway decks of the Megane bridge, varied significantly, especially for the downstream traffic deck. Also the pressure distribution and the effect of the spacing between the connecting beams, on the wind speed profiles showed a slight increase in turbulence above the downstream traffic and railway decks.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of size and permittivity on the specific absorption rate(SAR) values of rat brains during microwave exposure at mobile phone frequency bands. A finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique with perfect matching layer(PML) absorbing boundaries is used for this evaluation process. A color coded digital image of the Sprague Dawley(SD) rat based on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is used in FDTD calculation with appropriate permittivity values corresponding to different tissues for 3, 4, 7, and 10 week old rats. This study is comprised of three major parts. First, the rat model structure is scaled uniformly, i.e., the rat size is increased without change in permittivity. The simulated SAR values are compared with other experimental and numerical results. Second, the effect of permittivity on SAR values is examined by simulating the microwave exposure on rat brains with various permittivity values for a fixed rat size. Finally, the SAR distributions in depth, and the brain-averaged SAR and brain 1 voxel peak SAR values are computed during the microwave exposure on a rat model structure when both size and permittivity have varied corresponding to different ages ranging from 3 to 10 weeks. At 900 MHz, the simulation results show that the brain-averaged SAR values decreased by about 54 % for size variation from the 3 week to the 10 week-old rat model, while the SAR values decreased only by about 16 % for permittivity variation. It is found that the brain averaged SAR values decreased by about 63 % when the variations in size and permittivity are taken together. At 1,800 MHz, the brain-averaged SAR value is decreased by 200 % for size variation, 9.7 % for permittivity variation, and 207 % for both size and permittivity variations.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 이중게이트 MOSFET에 대한 항복전압의 변화를 채널도핑 및 소자파라미터에 따라 이차원 전위분포모델을 이용하여 분석한 것이다. 낮은 항복전압은 전력소자동작에 저해가 되고 있으며 소자의 크기가 감소하면서 발생하는 단채널 효과에 의하여 이중게이트 MOSFET의 경우도 심각하게 항복전압이 감소하고 있다. 항복전압분석을 위하여 포아송방정식의 이차원 해석학적 전위분포모델을 이용하여 채널도핑농도와 소자 파라미터인 채널길이, 채널두께, 게이트산화막 두께 등에 대하여 항복전압의 변화를 관찰하였다. 분석결과 항복전압은 채널도핑 농도의 크기뿐만이 아니라 소자크기 파라미터에 대해서 커다란 변화를 보이고 있었으며 특히 채널도핑함수인 가우시안 함수의 형태에 따라서도 큰 변화를 보이고 있다는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 2014

기록물들은 정보전달을 위한 수단일 뿐만 아니라, 역사적 문화적으로 매우 중요한 가치를 지니고 있어 각각의 기록매체에 적합한 보존대책을 수립하고 적용해야만 한다. 특히 종이기록물은 시간이 지나면 생물손상 및 화학적인 반응에 의해 열화가 진행되며, 안전한 보존을 위해서 탈산 및 살균기능 처리를 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 종이기록물의 효과적인 보존처리를 위하여 15~30nm 크기의 나노산화아연(ZnO)과 나노산화마그네슘(MgO)을 합성하였다. 합성한 나노화합물들을 종이기록물에 적용한 결과, 탈산효과와 항균효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 합성된 나노화합물들은 구성성분이 100%(Pb, Cd, As 비검출)에 가까워 종이기록물에 탈산처리한 후 중금속으로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 기록물의 훼손이 없을 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been widely used for desalination as well as water and wastewater treatment facilities. Cleaning process is important to maintain stable operation as well as prevention of membrane fouling. Purpose of this research is to analyze electrostatistic and chemical characteristics after cleaning of RO membrane against $SiO_2$ scale. Four RO membranes of polyamide are used and examined about effect of chemical cleaning. EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) and SDS (sodium dodecil sulfate) and NaOH are applied for cleaning process after operation in synthetic water. Then, cleaning was performed with chemicals such concentration as 6hr, 12hr and 24hr, respectively. As a result, transmittances of FT-IR of four membranes are compared at each cleaning concentration. Ta/Tv shows difference of chemical composition between new membrane and cleaning membrane after cleaning. Type B of RO membrane is turned out to be most vulnerable to cleaning among four membranes. In terms of zeta potential, new membrane has -16 mV to +6 mV on pH while scaled membrane has -18 mV to 2 mV. However, it changed -23mV to 0.9 mV after cleaning. In comparison with existing salt rejection of RO membranes after cleaning, the rejection of the membranes goes down 0.7% maximum. Though cleaning changes the characteristics of membrane surface, it does not greatly affect salt rejection. pH is a critical factor to flux change in PA (polyamide) membrane.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2016

The first part of this study found the tendencies of the mechanical properties of two arctic structural steels (EH32 and FH32). In the second part, the crashworthiness of stiffened panels scaled down from the side frame structure of a Korean research icebreaker was determined. A procedure for designing the shapes and sizes of the stiffened panels, mass and shape of a drop striker, and a large temperature chamber, and then manufacturing these, is introduced in detail. From impact bending tests for the stiffened panels, the residual permanent deformations and deformation histories over time were captured using manual measurement and video image analyses. Numerical simulations of the impact bending tests were carried out for three different finite element models, which were mainly composed of shell elements, solid elements, and solid elements, with welding beads. It was proven from a comparison of the test results and numerical simulation results that the solid element model with the welding bead consideration approached the test results in terms of the residual deformations as long as the strain rate effect was taken into account.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 가변 입구 안내익이 있는 다단 축류압축기의 성능예측을 위하여 3차원 전산해석, 전산해석 결과를 이용한 단 축적법, 그리고 스케일 된 단 축적법의 3가지 해석 기법을 적용하였다. 이 방법들을 적용하여 구한 압축기 탈설계점 성능특성은 성능시험 결과와 비교하여 분석하였으며, 가변 입구 안내익 적용시의 성능해석을 수행하여 가변 효과를 살펴보았다. 성능해석은 상용 전산 유동해석 프로그램인 FLUENT $6.3^{TM}$ 과 NASA의 압축기 해석 코드를 이용하여 해석을 수행하였다.