• Korean System Dynamics Review
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.75-100
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze causation of Ecosystem service's trade-off(ES trade-off) and to establish baseline data for wise spatial planning and management. In order to understand why and how ES trade-off occurs, systems thinking and causal loops were employed. The causal loop of ecosystem service creation cycle includes profits quantification process, decision making process, spatial planning and management process, and ecosystem services creation process. The profits quantification process has a limitation that all ecosystem service categories were not included in profits quantification, because quantification method for cultural services is insufficient. These problems led to unequal discussion opportunity in decision making process. ES trade-off occurs through transition of ecosystem function in spatial scale and temporal scale. In spatial scale, land-use variation and resource-use variation contribute to change an ecosystem function for different ES category by spatial planning and management. In temporal scale, a change of an ecosystem function for different ES category is influenced by ecological succession, seasonal change and land cover variation, which are parameter from environmental features. This study presented that spatial planning and management should ecosystem service assessment in order to enhance balanced ecosystem services.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.3-21
• /
• 2010

By the significant structural change in 1999, a partial privatization has occurred in Korean fossil-fuel power generation sector. Under the current price scheme wholesale electricity price is dependent on output size, and hence, may not satisfy the assumption of price-taking producers. The purpose of our study is constructing the productivity change measurements of Korean power generation sector taking into account possibly imperfect competition and variable returns to scale. Our approach based on Harrison (1994) and Levinsohn (1993) derives the plant-level productivity measurements of the period between 2001 and 2007, as well as the measurements of mark-ups and returns to scale. It is shown that the mark-up size is dependent on the plants' fuel type and is decreasing over time. Allowing for imperfect competition and variable returns to scale adjusts the productivity measurements substantially.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2022

Although artificial intelligence(AI) is a key technology in the digital transformation among the emerging technologies, there are concerns about the use of AI, so many countries have been trying to set up a proper regulation system. This study analyzes the cases of the regulation policies on AI in USA, EU and Korea with the aim to set up and improve proper AI policies and strategies in Korea. In USA, the establishment of the code of ethics for the use of AI is led by private sector. On the other side, Europe is strengthening competitiveness in the AI industry by consolidating regulations that are dispersed by EU members. Korea has also prepared and promoted policies for AI ethics, copyright and privacy protection at the national level and trying to change to a negative regulation system and improve regulations to close the gap between the leading countries and Korea in AI. Moreover, this study analyzed the course of policy changes of AI regulation policy centered on ACF(Advocacy Coalition Framework) model of Sabatier. Through this study, it proposes hyper-scale AI regulation policy recommendations for improving competitiveness and commercialization in Korea. This study is significant in that it can contribute to increasing the predictability of policy makers who have difficulties due to uncertainty and ambiguity in establishing regulatory policies caused by the emergence of hyper-scale artificial intelligence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.169-172
• /
• 2009

Multiple scale modeling has been applied to predict defect shape change during the wire rod rolling process. The size difference between bloom and defect prevent using usual FEM approaches due to the enormous number of elements required to depict the defect. The newly developed multiple scale model can visualize defect shape changes during the multi stands rolling process. The defect positioned at the top and side of bloom are smoothed out but the one at the middle evolved as folding or remained as crack. This approach can be used for defect control with roll shape design and initial bloom shape.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2016

To achieve large-scale carbon removals, a carbon offset project based on forest management was designed and its carbon stock change was estimated in this study. The project was designed for 874 hectares of forests in the Jin-An Leading Forest Management Zone. For estimating the carbon stock change of the project, the Korean Forest Carbon Standard and VCS (Verified Carbon Standard) methodologies were applied. Three types of management options were considered in the project : extension of rotation age, conversion to productive forests, and conversion to selective harvesting. The estimated carbon removals from the project designed in this study were $259,936tCO_2$ ($8,664tCO_2$ annually), which is 98% of estimated carbon removals from the entire 69 projects currently registered to the Forest Carbon Offset Registry in Korea. The results of this study showed that a large-scale carbon offset project based on forest management could have a huge potential to produce carbon offset credits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2008

Landscape indices are effective tools to explain the spatial structure and patterns of ecological landscape including area/density, shape, core area, isolation/proximity, contagion/interspersion, and connectivity. More than 100 indices have been developed and an increasing amount of research explains changes in urban spaces using the indices. However, landscape indices have a high level of sensitivity to the scale of analysis - grain size and extent. If the scale sensitivity of indices is not considered, the research may produce inaccurate results. This study examines the scale sensitivity of landscape indices to find relatively stable indices in the complex geographical features of Korea. The scale sensitivity was analyzed using 20 categories of grain size and 41 categories of extent change. Landsat TM and ETM+ images of five years - 1985, 1991, 1996, 2000 and 2003 - were used, and 54 class level indices mounted on the FRAGSTATS program were examined. The results are as follows: First, according to the analysis of the scale sensitivity, 19 out of 54 class level indices were found to be stable to scale change. Second, the scale sensitivity was closely related to the green area ratio, and the typical threshold of change was $40{\sim}50%$. Third, among the 16 indices which were frequently used in the research in Korea, only 6 indices were relatively stable to the scale change. These results can be an effective basis for the selection of indices in the landscape ecology research in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 2010

Objective : Bell's palsy is common and has many clinic study. but bell's palsy prognosis is not enough specific. So this study was evaluated bell's palsy prognosis, treatment number, sequela of normal group and bad prognosis group. Methods : From June 2009 to June 2010, patients who visited Dong-seo Oriental Medicine ENT. A clinic study was done on patient who were diagnosed bell's palsy, onset 2weeks within when first visited OPD and treated 3 times over in Dong-seo Oriental Medicine Cental. To evaluate grade of paralysis, House-Brackman Scale was used. We classified treatment numbers of each HB-Scale group, normal gIVroup and bad prognosis group. Results : The distribution of Onset HB-Scale : Gr II 26.25%, Gr III 67.5%, Gr IV 6.25% Onset HB-Scale Gr II patients completely recover 100% Onset HB-Scale Gr III patients completely recover 64.8%, improved 27.8%, nothing change 7.4% Onset HB-Scale Gr IV patients completely recover 40%, improved 60% Onset HB-Scale Gr II & IV patients recovery percentage make no difference of normal group (Group A) and bad prognosis. Onset HB-Scale Gr III patients completely recover Group A 66.7%, Group B 52.9%, improved Group A 23.2%, Group 35.3%, noting change Group A 5.1%, Group B 11.8% Onset HB-Scale Gr II patients has no sequela. Onset HB-Scale Gr III & IV patients has tendency that they treat more times, more improving and less sequela probability Conclusion : Onset HB-Scale is the indicator of acute bell's palsy prognosis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.529-533
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 미래기후변화가 공간해상도(5, 10, 30m)에 따른 토양유실량의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 자하였다. 연구대상지역은 경안천 최상류에 위치한 $1.16km^2$의 농촌 소유역을 대상으로 공간해상도별(5, 10, 30m) RS 및 GIS 자료를 생성하고, GIS 기반의 RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) 모형을 채택하여 토양유실량을 분석하였다. 기후변화 시나리오는 IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)에 서 제공하는 GCM(Global climate model) 중에서 MIROC3.2 hire의 A1B, B1 시나리오를 이용하였으며, 과거 30년간(1977-2006)의 기상자료 통계정보를 기준으로 Change Factor Downscaling 기법을 적용하여 2020s년 (2010-2039), 2050s년(2040-2069), 2080s년(2069-2099) 전후의 각 30년간의 미래 강우량을 재생산하여 사용하였다. 그 결과 강수량은 2080s년에 A1B 시나리오의 경우 연평균 강수량은 270.37mm, 최대 강수량은 65.71mm 증가하였고, B1 시나리오의 경우 연평균 강수량은 37.11mm, 최대 강수량은 48.46mm 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 구축한 미래 강우량을 RUSLE 인자 중 R 인자에 적용하여 2020s년, 2050s년, 2080s년의 토양유실량을 분석한 결과, 미래강수량이 증가함에 따라 공간해상도별 토양유실량도 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 평균토양유실량을 시나리오별로 보면, A1B 시나리오의 경우 2080s을 기준으로 1/5,000 scale에서는 약 0.18 ton/ha/year, 1/25,000 scale에서는 약 0.07 ton/ha/year, 1/50,000 scale에서는 약 0.07 ton/ha/year의 유실량이 각 공간해상도별로 증가하였다. B1 시나리오의 경우 2080s을 기준으로 1/5,000 scale에서는 약 0.03 ton/ha/year, 1/25,000 scale에서는 약 0.01 ton/ha/year, 1/50,000 scale에서는 약 0.01 ton/ha/year의 토양유실량이 증가한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.446-454
• /
• 2009

Among various region detector and shape feature extraction method, MSER(Maximally Stable Extremal Region) and SIFT and its variant methods are popularly used in computer vision application. However, since SIFT is sensitive to the illumination change and MSER is sensitive to the scale change, it is not easy to apply the image similarity retrieval. In this paper, we present a Scale and Rotation Invariant Region Feature(SRIRF) descriptor using scale pyramid, MSER and affine normalization. The proposed SRIRF method is robust to scale, rotation, illumination change of image since it uses the affine normalization and the scale pyramid. We have tested the SRIRF method on various images. Experimental results demonstrate that the retrieval performance of the SRIRF method is about 20%, 38%, 11%, 24% better than those of traditional SIFT, PCA-SIFT, CE-SIFT and SURF, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2016

The change in chemical compositions of leachate and medium density fiberboard (MDF) from a laboratory-scale simulated landfill which constructed in a plastic container containing alternating layers of soil and MDF was investigated to evaluate decomposing of MDF in soil. Four treatments were conducted: 1) MDF in soil, 2) MDF only, 3) cured UF resin in soil, and 4) soil only. Molecular weight (MW) distribution of compounds in leachate from soil only treatment did not change over time. In UF resin in soil treatment, the MW distribution shifted to a lower MW distribution over time, while the peak shifted to the left indicated changing to higher MW distribution in leachate from treatment 1 and 2 contained MDF. Higher percent nitrogen in leachate was observed in MDF containing treatments due to the UF resin in the MDF. The percent carbon slightly increased in MDF only while that greatly decreased in MDF in soil treatment maybe due to bacterial activity. The percent of extractable materials from the MDF decreased greatly on day 35 compare to day 0, and subsequently did not change much on day 77. In contrast, percent holocellulose and lignin did not change much over time. No structural change of the wood fiber in MDF occurs during the study. Water-soluble materials from MDF in soil contributed the change in chemical composition of leachate.