• Food Quality and Culture
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2007

The volatile flavor compounds of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke, a perennial, aromatic and medicinal herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, were isolated by the hydro distillation extraction method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The plant yielded a light yellow colored oil (0.02%, v/w). From S. lappa C.B. Clarke root oil, sixty-three volatile flavor compounds were tentatively identified, among which sesquiterpene was predominant (21.70%). The identified compounds of the root oil constituted 87.47% of the total peak area. From the constituents making up more than 5% of the volatile flavor components, a long-chain aldehyde, (7Z, 10Z, 13Z)-7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienal, was the most abundant volatile flavor compound (21.20%), followed by dehydrocostuslactone (10.30%) belonging to sesquiterpene lactone, valerenol (5.30%) and vulgarol B (5.06%).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

The volatile flavor components were isolated from the roots of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke produced in Korea and China by the hydro distillation, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 63 aroma compounds representing 87.47% of the total peak area were tentatively identified, including 13 alcohols (22.56%), 26 hydrocarbons (21.78%), 4 aldehydes (21.24%), 11 ketones (18.04%), 1 oxide (0.52%), 3 esters (0.16%), 1 carboxylic acid (0.02%) and 4 miscellaneous components (3.15%). 46 volatile flavor components of imported S. lappa C.B. Clarke constituted 65.69% of the total volatile composition were tentatively characterized, consisting of 1 aldehyde (23.32%), 24 hydrocarbons (16.69%), 10 ketones (15.84%), 7 alcohols (8.92%), 1 oxide (0.83%), 2 esters (0.07%) and 1 acid (0.02%). The predominant components of both essential oils were (7Z,10Z,13Z)-7,10,13-hexadecatrienal and dehydrocostuslactone.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Obesity has become one of the main public health problems. Saussurea lappa (Asteraceae), syn Aucklandia lappa and Saussurea costus, is a well-known herbal medicine that has been used for treating various ailments, such as inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases. The present study examined the anti-obesity effect of S. lappa extract (SLE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. SLE significantly inhibited the differentiation from preadipocytes to adipocytes of cultured 3T3-L1 in dose-dependent manner. In addition, SLE significantly decreased the body weight gain and the food efficiency ratio of mice fed HFD during 9 weeks. Further study must be performed for the pharmacological mechanism and safety of SLE as well as the identification of active compound in SLE. Our results revealed that S. lappa suppresses the adipogenesis in cultured cells and the obesity in rodent models. Therefore, S. lappa may be useful toward the development of new potent anti-obesity drugs.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2015

목향(Saussurea lappa)은 다양한 생리활성을 나타내는 성분들은 알려져 있으나 세포내에서 신호전달 체계에 미치는 영향에 대해서 자세히 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서 목향의 에탄올 추출물이 Raw 264.7세포의 NO(nitric oxide) 항상성에 대한 논의를 하고자 한다. LPS(lipolysaccharide)로 유도한 후, NO(nitric oxide) 생성억제력과 IL-$1{\beta}$(interleukin-$1{\beta}$), TNF-${\alpha}$(tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$), iNOS와 COX-2를 전사수준(transcriptional level)에서 발현양상을 살펴보고자 한다. 목향의 에탄올 추출물은 RAW264.7 세포에서 LPS를 전처리한 후 유도되는 iNOS와 COX-2가 전사 수준에서 발현 억제와 pro-inflammatory cytokine인 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-$1{\beta}$의 발현을 효과적으로 저해함을 보였다. 본 연구 결과로 목향의 에탄올 추출물이 대식세포를 매개로 한 염증반응의 작용기전 연구에 있어서 NO(nitric oxide) 항상성에 영향이 있음을 융복합적 측면에서 고찰하였다. 향후 염증성 질환의 예방과 치료에 중요한 기초 자료로 제공하고 자 한다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2007

Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipchitz syn S. lappa C. B. Clarke (commonly known as 'Kuth') belonging to the family Asteraceae is a well known medicinal plant which finds wide usage in different indigenous systems of medicine of India, China, Korea & Tibet. In different folk medicines the roots of S. costus are used to treat various disorders like ulcer, stomachache, malaria, leprosy, dysentery and toothache. However due to over exploitation, it has become endangered and has become the concern of different governmental bodies in India. The increasing demand of this endangered Himalayan species has resulted in a situation where it is often substituted, knowingly or unknowingly, by other morphologically similar species. Arctium lappa, belonging to the same family, is one such plant that has often been found to be present in the market samples of 'Kuth'. The present study was thus carried out and morphoanatomical characters, physicochemical as well as chemical parameters were developed for proper identification of roots of S. costus and its differenciation from A. lappa as well as authentication of the commercial market samples. The detailed morphoanatomical studies revealed that roots of S. costus can be distinguished from A. lappa on the basis of some important microscopial characters eg. the schizogenous resin ducts observed in roots of S. costus, were absent in A. lappa.. Besides, the HPTLC fingerprint profile showed a distinct band at Rf. 0.72 in S. costus, which was totally absent in A. lappa and a band at $R_f$ 0.64 in A. lappa which was absent in S. costus Chlorogenic acid, used as a chemical marker for HPTLC analysis, was estimated to be 0.077% in S. costus as compared to 0.107% in A. lappa. Thus these detailed pharmacognostical parameters can be successfully used to distinguish between roots of S. costus and A. lappa.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2012

Saussurea lappa (SL) and major compounds, sesquiterpene lactones, have been suggested to possess various biological effects, including anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and cardiotonic activities. Therefore, the ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa root (ESL) is studied for the mechanism of its action in apoptotic pathway. ESL-treated cells manifested nuclear condensation, and fragmentation. ESL also triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-9/-3 activation. ESL induced p38 MAPK/JNK, p53, and ASK1 phosphorylation. ROS scavenger reversed ESL-induced apoptotic cell death via inhibition of caspase-3 and p38 MAPK/JNK phosphorylation. These results suggest that ESL induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through the ROS-p38/JNK pathway.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2011

In order to validate the use of Saussurea Lappa as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effects of water-soluble extract of Saussurea Lappa (ESL) on the production of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The extract inhibited dose-dependently TNF-${\alpha}$ production without its cytotoxic effect on the macrophages, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and significantly decreased mRNA levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, as determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The extract also inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$, thereby resulting in TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression. These results suggest that ESL may have therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory diseases mediated by activated macrophages.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.765-772
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• 2015

Saussurea lappa has been reported to possess anti-atopic properties. In this study, we have confirmed the S. lappa's anti-atopic properties in Nc/Nga mice and investigated the candidate gene related with its properties using microarray. We determined the target gene using real time PCR in in vitro experiment. S. lappa showed the significant reduction in atoptic dermatitis (AD) score and immunoglobulin E compared with the AD induced Nc/Nga mice. In the results of microarray using back skin obtained from animals, we found that S. lappa's properties are closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consistent with the microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed these modulation at the mRNA level in skin tissues from S. lappa-treated mice. Among these genes, PI3Kca and $IL20R{\beta}$ were significantly downregulated by S. lappa treatment in Nc/Nga mouse model. In in vitro experiment using HaCaT cells, we found that the S. lappa components, including alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone significantly decreased the expression of PI3Kca but not $IL20R{\beta}$ in vitro. Therefore, our study suggests that PI3Kca-related signaling is closely related with the protective effects of S. lappa against the development of atopic-dermatitis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2000

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the suppression of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by a dehydrocostus lactone (DL) from Saussurea lappa, we examined the preventive effect of this compound on $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages and U937 human monocytic cells. The results suggest that the suppression of NO production is mediated by the inhibitory action on the i-NOS gene expression through the inactivation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and this sesquiterpene lactone can act as a pharmacological inhibitor of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.153-156
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• 1998

The crude extract of Saussurea lappa displayed significant lethality to brine shrimp larvae. Investigation of the causative components by bioactivity-directed fractionation resulted in the isolation of three $C_17$-polyene alcohols. Based on various nmr spectral data, these compounds were identified as shikokiols which had been previously isolated from Cirsium nipponicum and/or Centaurea aegyptica. These $C_17$-polyene alcohols exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against the human tumor cell lines, A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15.