• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.245-254
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the supplemental alkali feldspar-ilite(feldspar) on growth performance and meat quality in broiler ducks for 43 days. One hundred eighty broiler ducks were divided into 5 groups of 12ducks. Dietary levels of feldspar 0, 0+antibiotics, 0.5, 1.0 and $1.5\%$ were added to experimental diets of each of the groups. Daily weight gain was slightly increased in 1.0 and $1.5\%$ feldspar treatments. Feed intake was slightly increased at all feldspar treatments. Glucose concentration of serum profile was decreased whereas BUN concentration was significantly increased (p<0.05) at $0.5\%$ feldspar. Cholesterol concentration was decreased at all feldspar treatments, this difference was especially observed in supplemental levels of $0.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05). Carcass weight was increased at all feldspar treatments. Moisture and crude fat contents of proximate chemical composition in duck meat were decreased at all feldspar treatment, this difference especially was observed in supplemental levels of $1.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05) on crude fat content. Lightness and yellowness was increased at all feldspar treatment. Cholesterol contents and TBA in meat were decreased, but this parameters were not difference by feldspar treatment. The composition of saturated fatty acids(SFA) was decreased, whereas unsaturated fatty acids(USFA) was slightly increased by feldspar treatment. The Pb content of heavy metal concentrations was increased with compared control, but not difference. The appearance of sensory evaluation was improved by supplemental feldspar, especially in supplemental feldspar, 1.0 and $1.5\%$(p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that the supplemental alkali feldspar may improve the production and meat quality of broiler ducks.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

Microbial and nutritional characteristics of Kwangchun shrimp Jeotgal (salt-fermented shrimp) were assessed. Total mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus counts in Kwangchun shrimp Jeotgal were 3.48-5.42, 2.22-2.95, and 0.58-2.51 $log_{10}CFU/g$, respectively. Yeast and mold were detected only in Ohjeot (1.99 $log_{10}CFU/g$) and Yookjeot (1.47 $log_{10}CFU/g$). B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, Vibrio spp. and E. coli were not detected in Kwangchun shrimp Jeotgal, which contained abundant macrominerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K), with Na showing highest content. Palmitic acid content was higher than those of other saturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents were higher than those of other poly unsaturated fatty acids. Results showed Kwangchun shrimp Jeotgal is safe microbiologically with abundant nutritional components.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2019

After making tea by steaming the Burdock(Arctium lappa) nine times and drying it nine times, the ingredients and functions of the Burdock tea were compared to those of M company. The tea's calories were 346.48kcal/100g, carbohydrates were 72.75g/100g, crude protein was 11.98g/100g, and crude ash was 5.01g/100g. The total of free sugars were 31.93mg/100, among them, fructose was 26.27, sucrose was 1.27 mg/100g. The inorganic material contents were 1,476.21mg/100g of potassium, 255.96 mg/100g of calcium and 311.41 mg/100g of magnesium. The saturated fatty acids were 40.73mg/100g and the unsaturated fatty acids were 59.27mg/100g, among which the linoleic acid was 41.28mg/100g, the palmitic acid was 33.11mg/100g, the oleic acid was 10.07mg/100g and linolenic acid was 7.92mg/100g. DPPH radical scavenging was 33.9% of teas that were developed, 2.3% of M's tea for comparison, and 37.2% of indiex material. ABTS radical scavenging were 90.7% of teas developed, 85.9% of M's tea and 37.2% of index materials, and SOD like activities were 11.3% of teas developed and 50.5% of M's teas. The flavonoid content was 2.6 fold of the tea developed, 2.9 fold of M's tea and 1.7 fold of index material. The polyphenol content was 33.8 fold of teas developed, 38.9 fold of the M's tea and 13.8 fold of the index material. The sensory evaluation compare to the one-time extract and the five-time extract. Based on the one-time extract, the color were 65.9 % of the five-time extract tea were developed, 12.8 % of the M's tea. Flavour were 78.0% of the tea developed and 33.3% of the M's tea, tastes were 71.4% of the tea developed, 20.7% of the M's tea. The cart for comparison showed that while the extract decreased as we developed it, the overall symbolism decreased to 21.4% after five time extracts, the developed tea decreased to 72.1%. We believe that the developed tea will have a greater effect on preventing and improving diseases as it has a stronger antioxidant function, more effective substances, and a higher level of symbolism than the comparative M squared tea and surface substance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.214-232
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• 2001

CTA ester bonds in TG molecules were not attacked by pancreatic lipase and lipases produced by microbes such as Candida cylindracea, Chromobacterium viscosum, Geotricum candidium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizophus delemar, R. arrhizus and Mucor miehei. An aliquot of total TG of all the seed oils and each TG fraction of the oils collected from HPLC runs were deuterated prior to partial hydrolysis with Grignard reagent, because CTA molecule was destroyed with treatment of Grignard reagent. Deuterated TG (dTG) was hydrolyzed partially to a mixture of deuterated diacylglycerols (dDG), which were subsequently reacted with (S)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate to derivatize into dDG-NEUs. Purified dDG-NEUs were resolved into 1, 3-, 1, 2- and 2, 3-dDG-NEU on silica columns in tandem of HPLC using a solvent of 0.4% propan-1-o1 (containing 2% water)-hexane. An aliquot of each dDG-NEU fraction was hydrolyzed and (fatty acid-PFB ester). These derivatives showed a diagnostic carboxylate ion, $(M-1)^{-}$, as parent peak and a minor peak at m/z 196 $(PFB-CH_{3})^{-}$ on NICI mass spectra. In the mass spectra of the fatty acid-PFB esters of dTGs derived from the seed oils of T. kilirowii and M. charantia, peaks at m/z 285, 287, 289 and 317 were observed, which corresponded to $(M-1)^{-}$ of deuterized oleic acid ($d_{2}-C_{18:0}$), linoleic acid ($d_{4}-C_{18:0}$), punicic acid ($d_{6}-C_{18:0}$) and eicosamonoenoic acid ($d_{2}-C_{20:0}$), respectively. Fatty acid compositions of deuterized total TG of each oil measured by relative intensities of $(M-1)^-$ ion peaks were similar with those of intact TG of the oils by GLC. The composition of fatty acid-PFB esters of total dTG derived from the seed oils of T. kilirowii are as follows; $C_{16:0}$, 4.6 mole % (4.8 mole %, intact TG by GLC), $C_{18:0}$, 3.0 mole % (3.1 mole %), $d_{2}C_{18:0}$, 11.9 mole % (12.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ and $C_{18:1{\omega}7}$), $d_{4}-C_{18:0}$, 39.3 mole % (38.9 mole %, sum of $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ and its isomer), $d_{6}-C_{18:0}$, 41.1 mole % (40.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13r}$ and $C_{18:3\;9t,11t,13c}$), $d_{2}-C_{20:0}$, 0.1 mole % (0.2 mole % of $C_{20:1{\omega}9}$). In total dTG derived from the seed oils of M. charantia, the fatty acid components are $C_{16:0}$, 1.5 mole % (1.8 mole %, intact TG by GLC), $C_{18:0}$, 12.0 mole % (12.3 mole %), $d_{2}-C_{18:0}$, 16.9 mole % (17.4 mole %, sum of $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$), $d_{4}-C_{18:0}$, 11.0 mole % (10.6 mole %, sum of $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$), $d_{6}-C_{18:0}$, 58.6 mole % (57.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$). In the case of Aleurites fordii, $C_{16:0}$; 2.2 mole % (2.4 mole %, intact TG by GLC), $C_{18:0}$; 1.7 mole % (1.7 mole %), $d_{2}-C_{18:0}$; 5.5 mole % (5.4 mole %, sum of $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$), $d_{4}-C_{18:0}$ ; 8.3 mole % (8.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$), $d_{6}-C_{18:0}$; 82.0 mole % (81.2 mole %, sum of $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $C_{18:3 9c,11t,13c})$. In the stereospecific analysis of fatty acid distribution in the TG species of the seed oils of T. kilirowii, $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13r}$ and $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ were mainly located at sn-2 and sn-3 position, while saturated acids were usually present at sn-1 position. And the major molecular species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})_{2}$ and $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})$ were predominantly composed of the stereoisomer of $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, and $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, respectively, and the minor TG species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})_{2}(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})$ and $ (C_{16:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})_{2}$ mainly comprised the stereoisomer of $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$ and $sn-1-C_{16:0}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$. The TG of the seed oils of Momordica charantia showed that most of CTA, $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13r}$, occurred at sn-3 position, and $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ was concentrated at sn-1 and sn-2 compared to sn-3. Main TG species of $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ and $(C_{18:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ were consisted of the stereoisomer of $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $sn-1-C_{18:0}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, respectively, and minor TG species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})_{2}$ and $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})$ contained mostly $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$. The TG fraction of the seed oils of Aleurites fordii was mostly occupied with simple TG species of $(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{3}$, along with minor species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ and $(C_{16:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})$. The sterospecific species of $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $sn-1-C_{16;0}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ are the main stereoisomers for the species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_2$, $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ and $(C_{16:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})$, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Macsumsuk and herb resources on the egg performance and quality in Korean native crossbred chickens. A total of three hundred sixty improved Korean native crossbred chickens in primary laying period were randomly allocated to four treatments (30 birds/treatment ${\times}$ 3 replications) for eight weeks. Dietary treatments included CON (basal diets), T1 (basal diets + 0.3% Macsumsuk), T2 (basal diets + 0.3% herb resources) and T3 (basal diets + 0.3% Macsumsuk + 0.3% herb resources). No significant differences were found for feed intake, egg weight and average egg production (P>0.05), however, cracked egg rate was higher in CON than in T1-T3, especially T3 was the lowest (P<0.05). The crude fat content of whole eggs, CON (11.20%) was higher (P<0.05) than the experimental treatments (9.67%-10.01%). Haugh unit, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell breaking strength tended to be higher in T1 and T2, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). However, the experimental treatments were significantly higher than CON (P<0.05) for eggshell breaking strength, and T3 (14.91 mg/g) contained lower (P<0.05) cholesterol in egg yolk than other treatments. For fatty acid composition in egg yolk, CON group showed higher saturated fatty acid contents than the experimental treatments, but T1 (67.00%), T2 (66.78%) and T3 (66.82%) were higher than CON for unsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementating Macsumsuk and herb resources together in diets of Korean native crossbred chickens could decrease egg yolk cholesterol and improve egg quality.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2018

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented garlic solution (FGS) on the performance, egg quality and blood profiles of laying hens in the finishing period. In total, 432 Lohmann Brown hens aged 79 weeks were equally distributed into four dietary treatments with six replicate. Hens were fed the basal diet containing 2,750 kcal/kg of ME and 16% of CP, which was supplemented with either 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% FGS from 79 to 83 weeks old. Laying performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acids and serum characteristics were analyzed at the end of experiment. Egg production and feed conversion was numerically improved in FGS supplementation treatments compared to those in the control, but were not statistically different. The albumen height and Haugh unit showed significant increase (P<0.05) in the FGS supplementation groups. The concentration of saturated fatty acid decreased in the yolks of birds fed FGS (P<0.01), whereas the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and mono-UFA contents were significantly higher (P<0.01) in those treatments than in the control. Significantly lower natural fat and cholesterol in serum were observed in birds fed the 0.20% FGS supplementation diet (P<0.01). However, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased in both the 0.10% and 0.20% FGS supplementation groups. In addition, interleukin-2 mRNA and CD4+/CD8+ level in serum which were cellular immunity indicators showed statistical differences (P<0.01) among treatments and a higher concentration in the 0.10% and 0.20% FGS groups than in the control. Thus, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of FGS improved egg quality and stimulated immune response in mature laying hens.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2007

This study was to investigate the chemical content and antioxidant activity by the part of Salicornia herbacea as part of using Salicornia herbacea as materials of functional foods. On a basis of the materials, this study was to clarify the nutritional excellence, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Salicornia herbacea. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows.The Salicornia herbacea used in the experiment contained the moisture and crude fiber in the stalks a lot, and the protein, fat, and ash in the branches more. As to the content of free amino acid, the content of arginine took in the branches and stems most. Then, it contained threonine, glycine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and lysine, etc. in the branches a lot. Also, it contained threonine, glutamic acid, tyrosine tryptophan alanine, and isoleucine in the stalks a lot. It was shown to be contained of essential amino acids like isoleucine, leucine, threonine, valine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan in the branches and steams more. As to the content of fatty acid in Salicornia herbacea, it found out that it contained the unsaturated fatty acid more than the saturated fatty acid. It took the content of eicosenoic acid(20:1) in the branches and stalks most. And then, it contained linoleic acid(18:2), pehtadecenoic acid(15:1), palmitic acid(16:0), and oleic acid(18:1), etc. a lot. As to the antioxidant activity in Salicornia herbacea using the DPPH radical, it was shown to be existed in the largest antioxidant activity when the concentration of methanolextract from Salicornia herbacea was 1 mM. There was higher antioxidant activity than 100 ppm BHT used as control plot when the concentration of methanol extract from the stalks was $100{\mu}M$. From the result of experiment above, Salicornia herbacea contained the essential amino acid a lot. It will be possible to be used as natural antioxidants because it has excellent antioxidant effect. Therefore, this researcher concludes that it will be available in using it as materials of functional foods.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.753-760
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• 2023

In this study, quality improvement of beef was attempted according to the low temperature treatment and aging period of grade 1 compared to grade 1⁺⁺ beef. The fat content and shear force of beef grade 1⁺⁺ were 13.03% and 114.26N, but beef grade 1 was 3.21% and 149.67N. Meanwhile, after low-temperature treatment of grade 1 beef at -26℃ for 12 hours and low-temperature aging at 0 ℃ for 14 days, the shear force was greatly reduced to 87.85N, improving overall preference, softness, dripping gravy, flavor, and chewing texture. The essential free amino acid content was as low as 22.17mg/100g in grade 1⁺⁺ beef, but the contents were high at 41.31~45.11mg/100g in three samples of grade 1, and there was no change in content according to cold treatment conditions. As a specific component of beef, Taurine was 30.94~34.41mg/100g, and the difference in content was small according to beef grade, but Anserine and Creatine were low at 19.68mg/100g and 70.01mg/100g in beef grade 1⁺⁺ and high at 26.38~31.23mg/100g and 154.09~167.26mg/10g in beef grade 1. The content ratio of oleic acid (c18:1)/stearic acid (c18:0) as an monounsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio was low at 5.29 for grade 1⁺⁺ beef, but high at 6.13~6.78 for grade 1 beef. In addition, there was no trend in the content ratio of these fatty acids according to the low-temperature treatment conditions and aging period in beef grade 1. As a result of this study, it was possible to improve the quality of beef grade 1 by low-temperature treatment at -26 ℃ for 12 hours and then aging at 0 ℃ for 14 days.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.294-302
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• 2016

Background: Crop rotation plays an important role in improving soil chemical properties, minimizing the presence of disease pathogens, and assists in neutralizing autotoxic effects associated with allelochemicals. Methods and Results: Five rotation crops of sudan grass, soybean, peanut, sweet potato, and perilla were cultivated for one year with an aim to reduce yield losses caused by repeated cropping of ginseng. In 2-year-old ginseng grown in the same soil as a previous ginseng crop, stem length and leaf area were reduced by 30%, and root weight per plant was reduced by 56%. Crop rotation resulted in a significant decrease in electrical conductivity, $NO_3$, and $P_2O_5$ content of the soil, whereas organic matter, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn content remained-unchanged. Soil K content was increased following crop rotation with sudan grass and peanut only. Rotation with all alternate crops increased subsequent ginseng aerial plant biomass, whereas root weight per plant significantly increased following crop rotation with perilla only. A significant positive correlation was observed between root rot ration and soil K content, and a significant negative correlation was observed between ginseng root yield and the abundance of actinomycetes. Crop rotation affected the soil microbial community by increasing gram negative microbes, the ratio of aerobic microbes, and total microbial biomass whereas decreases were observed in actinomycetes and the ration of saturated fatty acids. Conclusions: In soil exhibiting crop failure following replanting, crop rotation for one year promoted both soil microbial activity and subsequent ginseng aerial plant biomass, but did not ameliorate the occurrence of root rot disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 1999

Regular exercise is effective in preventing coronary disease such as angina pectoris and infarction, inside it can lower the blood pressure and aids in weight control and release of stress. Risk factors of arteriosclerosis is hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity and excessive smoking. Arteriosclerosis begins at young age worsens with age, particulary in male. For people with risk factors of arteriosclerosis, it is important to prevent arteriosclerosis-related disease with dietary, living pattern and exercise prescription. Dietary fibers promote exercise of the digestive tract and shortens the time food remains inside the digestive tract. It can prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis and colin cancer by blocking the absorption of cholesterol. Various vegetables and sea foods are lichen unsaturated fats and prevent the absorption of cholesterol inside the digestive tract. Essential fatty acids and unsaturated fats which are contained in vegetable oils, promotes metabolism while preventing absorption. In fruits, pectin water-soluble fiber, is present and lowers the level of cholesterol. By consuming foods that low in cholesterol and saturated fats, and rich in unsaturated fats, aliomentotherapy alone can reduce the plasma cholesterol by 10~l5$\%$. For ideal exercise, it should be aerobic with intensity of 60~80$\%$ HRmax, duration of 15~60min/day. The frequancy of 3~6/week is desirable the better exercise prescription is endurance aerobic exercise. To get more effect exercise, exercise consistency is very important.