• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.256-263
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• 2008

Based on the analysis of criminal investigators' recognition of judicial autopsy, this study presented policy alternatives as follows. First, a procedure is needed that optometrists and investigators jointly make previous explanations to bereaved families the status of investigation and the results of examination to their satisfaction and collect their opinions, for the purpose of obtaining an agreement to autopsy from them. Second, the dignity of the dead should be kept. To this end, particular consideration should be given to women bodies. Also, we need to minimize the number of autopsy witnesses and obtain agreement from bereaved families when there is an on-the-spot study. Third, we need to establish a guideline that investigators could request a warrant later in certain cases of dead bodies. Also, if a bereaved family positively asks for autopsy, it should be allowed through tentatively named ‘Request for Autopsy.’ Finally, To make a careful decision on whether an autopsy should be made or not, we can form a joint investigation team of public prosecutors and criminal investigators; however, an autopsy should be done only if it is deemed inevitable, considering the bereaved family's opinion.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.291-326
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• 2003

The first, Improvement of education training condition Education training is influenced by facilities, environment around. according to questionnaire, it is very poor, we should set up a training institute as soon as possible. The second, Improvement of education training contents In working as special guard, they do not feel the need of curriculums like bayonet fencing, criminal law, and so on. accordingly we should adjust the contents of educaton training. The third, Improvement of education training course People were satisfied with the contents of lectures and educator more than half to some degree, but there was a question of time, communication, contents. we should try to remedy things like this. The fourth, Adjustment of education training time The 60% people of all were not satisfied with the time of education training about new duty. we need to intensify and oversee a duty training and the restructure of training time. The fifth, Fairness of valuation reward and punishment in education training The 80% people of all had the bad feeling against reward and punishment, so we tried to let fairness of valuation, reward and punishment completed by educational institution. The sixth, Establishment of the institution for special guard special guard have to be raised by special institution, but lacking of educational program, educational facility, educational Environment, university took the place of government as institution in raising special guard, education still leave much to be desired. so to develop the industry of a civil security, government or a guard association will set up the school of training, education, system about civil security as a whole. The seventh, Improvement of education training form People have to be taught for 80 hours in education training. according to questionnaire, over 75%people wanted to lodge at education accommodation, so in doing education training, we need to improve a system and form. The eighth, Operation of education training suitable for a characteristic in jobs In the education of 80 hours, common courses will need to be carried out together, depending on class, the object of national facility, inspection and practice will need to be done. maybe this can be the improvement of growing up education training. In the result of the study, we need to build up the satisfaction of education training through a lot of opinion like program, system, circumstances. Keep in mind that the paper was a few of problems because of the limit of the survey of 132 peoples, accordingly we try to collect a survey related with this around country. especially this will need to be asked for harmony between the law and the background of system. in the future, to develop the special guard service, increase the demand of this service, have to raised the expert and the special guard service has to enlarge.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.259-279
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• 2000

This study is a descriptive analytic research measuring nursing service quality, using SERVQUAL model, to make fundamental data and strategies for nursing service improvement. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 202 patients and 142 nurses, from June 7 to 14, 1999. The reliability of instrument were adequate(Cronbach ${\alpha}=.94$). SAS program was utilized for statistical analysis of collected data. The results were as follows; 1. There was a gab between patient's expectation and perception on nursing service(Gap B). Gap D was indicated an affecting factor to decide nursing service quality. Gap C was indicated an indirect affecting factor of nursing service quality. Because it was not statistically significant in total item analysis, but in individual item analysis, 7 items were appeared statistically significant. Gap A was not a gap occurrence factor of nursing service quality. 2. Focuses of nursing service quality improvement strategies were; (1) to direct qualitative improvement of nursing service in order to correspondence patient's nursing service expectation. (2) to make nurse's service activity modified because nurse's practice were not reached patient's expectation level. (3) to need internal, external factor analysis affecting nurse's service activity. 3. Nursing service quality was decided by rather environmental inappropriateness provided nursing service than itself. Therefore, to make nursing service quality improvement, it is required to improve nursing service environment. For this, followings are required; (1) to strengthen nurse's education on lower part of nursing service satisfaction and QI activities. (2) to balance demand and supply of nursing personnel. 3) to fix computerized system for reducing other duties weight except nursing care through analysis of nursing activity. (4) to construct rational cooperating system among related departments. 4. The important parts for nursing service quality improvement were indicated as follows: (1) Gap B: 'prompt reaction', 'examination symptom before patient's complaint', 'hearted nursing service reducing patient's dissatisfaction', 'explanation goals of nursing activities', 'having special Knowledge enough', 'maintenance position comfortably', 'management of patient's physical hygiene'. (2) Gap C: 'maintenance physical safety', 'explanation about hospital rules and facilities'. (3) Gap D: 'tender, safe injection and wound care'. Because above items are mostly improved through nurse's attitude change and quality improvement, it is required to establish nursing standardization and to strengthen nurse's clinical education. As the based on above results, followings are suggested; 1. SERVQUAL model is very useful to make strategies for nursing service quality improvement because it indicates multiple factors affecting hap occurrence. 2. At individual items analysis of Gap C, statistically significant 7 items appeared higher nurse's perception level than patient's perception level on nursing service were trouble perception level on nursing service quality improvement. So. it need further research to analysis about these difference occurring factors. 3. At analysis of Gap D, it is indicated that in nursing service performance process, multiple factors lowing nursing service quality were intruded. So it needs further research to analysis what these factors are and how each factors affect on nursing performance process. 4. nursing service quality measurement is changeable according to sample select time or sampled subject's characteristics. So to develope strategy for nursing service quality improvement is based on the results of periodical analysis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.388-407
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• 1995

This study is (a) to describe the history of Total Quality Management (TQM) generated in the industry, health care service, and nursing society ; (b) to define the concept, total quality management including the definition of quality ; (C) to explain the each principle of TQM theory developed by main theorists, E. Deming, J. Juran, and B. Crosby ; (d) to give the examples related to TQM implementation at the health care organization ; and (e) to mention the extent to which the health care organizations are able to evaluate their cultural organization toward TQM and have had the way to measure the effect of TQM implementation. TQM referred to Continuous Quality Improvement(CQI), Quality Improvement(QI), and Total Quality Improvement(TQI), was not recognized by experts in the United States industry, but by economists in Japan until the end of the 1970's. However, the United States' government led to introduce the principles of TQM to general industry as well as health care service area so that TQM became a main philosophy to manage the organizations in health care service. TQM is a structured, systematic process for creating organization-wide participation in planning and implementing continuous improvement in quality. E. Deming established the "Chain reaction in Quality" and the fourteen point of TQM. The Chain reaction in quality is to describe the relationship among the reduction of waste, rework, and delay, quality improvement, customer satisfaction, and productivity. There are fourteen points to explain the principles of TQM by E. Deming. Juran defined the "Quality Trilogy" to improve the level of quality in any organization. Quality Trilogy has three steps such as quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement for implementing the TQM projects. Crosby describes his TQM theory by establishing "Four Absolutes" and "Fourteen steps in TQM" implementation. Until now, most healthcare organizations have made efforts to organize the TQM task team and to implement TQM principles with various issues. There are three priorities to select the TQM issues : High-volume, High-risk, and Problem-prone. However, there is no absolute, credible measurement yet to evaluate the effects of TQM implementation in health care organization regardless of the classification of health care organizations, geographical background, and social influence. Thus, developing the evaluation way in terms of TQM is the foremost task in health service area. The most important thing for TQM implementation in the organization is to settle up the concept, cultural transformation from traditional management toward quality.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.419-432
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• 1998

The purpose of this Study was to examine the efficacy and compliance of a mandibular advancement device(MAD) according to the severity of sleep apnea in the snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Fifty-four patients (45 males, 9 females, aged 20 - 68years ) who visited Seoul National Uiversity Dental Hospital(SNUDH) to seek for the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea were classified into four groups according to the results of the nocturnal polysomnography and they were instructed to wear MAD regularly which was designed to increase the size of the upper airway by advancing the mandible. The evaluation of the efficacy and compliance of the MAD according to the severity of apnea and the duration after the usage of MAD ( 1week, 1month, 3months, 6months, 12months) was made by using quesionnaires mad in Department of Oral Medicine and Oral diagnosis, SNUDH. The obtained results were as follows : 1. All subjects results were habitual snoreres and 43 patients(79.6%) complained the loudness of snoring that can be heard out of the room. 2. Apnea index(AI) of the total subjects was mean 29.4$\pm$26.9 and respiratory disturbance index(RDI)was mean 37.6$\pm$28.0. And there was nodifference in the efficacy and the compliances of MAD according to the severity of apnea. 3. The severityi of apnea by the questionnaires significantly corresponded with the results of nocturnal polysomnography, and this fact potentiated the diagnostic value of the questionnaire. 4. after the usage of MAD, there was significant improvement in the frequency of snoring, the loudness of snoring, frequency of apnea, daytime sleepiness nad the refreshment after sleep(p<0.001) regardless of the apnea index(AI) and respiratory distrubance index(RDI). 5. The degree of the satisfaction with MAD was mean 74.4$\pm$18.4% and that of the discomfort with the MAD was 31.4$\pm$19.6%. But there was no serious complication in occlusion and temporomandibular joint with the usage of MAD and the duration of the discomfort was mean 3.3$\pm$2.2 weeks. 6. Forty-one patients(75.9%) continued the usage of MAD but thirteen patients(24.1%) stopped the use of MAD because of the discomforts and insufficient results with it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.12 s.138
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• pp.1605-1616
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the commonly accepted ease for a custom-fit business jacket, which provides all customers with the optimum fit regarding their individual body sizes, shapes as well as their personal preference, and also to characterize the factors which affects the ease amount, thereby, supply the reference data to manufacturers of the apparel industry. This study consisted of anthropometric measurements as well as sensory evaluations, and analysed ease amount by body sizes, ages, fit satisfaction, self-perception of body, and the prefered fit levels. There were 272 subjects for anthropometric measurement of which 128 subjects were applied for ease analysis and sensory evaluation. The subjects were males of 20 to 65 years old. The ease at chest was the most sensitive to body sizes and shapes, while waist and hip were easily modified to accommodate the silhouette of the jacket. The main dimensions affecting individual perceptions of fit and ease were the characteristics of body shape, in particular, girth, followed by age. Customers paided most attention to the shoulder fit while customers who preferred a more fitted line showed more concern with ease for jacket fit. It was clearly observable in case of waist fit preference. In addition, the preferred fit at chest, waist and hip would be changed by the perception of ons's hip size.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.391-396
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• 2003

Background: Recently transilluminated powered phlebectomy was introduced and used as a method of surgical treatment for varicose vein in lower extremities. The advantage of transilluminated powered phlebectomy are minimal scar and good cosmetic effect. However, the disadvantages of transilluminated powered phlebectomy is that a high priced Trivex system must be used which increases the patient's expenses. Therefore, we performed a transilluminated powered phlebectomy using an existing arthroscopic equipment instead of Trivex system and observed the effect of treatment and efficiency of the treatment. Material and Method: From March, 2000 to February, 2003, 78 patients (113 limbs) underwent transilluminated powered phlebectomy with an arthroscopic equipment. Patient's disease history, the number of operative scars and complications were reviewed. Result: The operation was performed in 133 limbs of the 78 patients (34 men, 44 women) and the age of patients were ranged from 16 to 72 years with mean age of 41.8 years. Operative time ranged from 20 to 65 minutes (average 48.7 minutes) per limb. The number of operative scar per limb from 2 to 7 (average 4.9). Postoperative complications are transient ecchymosis (78 cases) that desappeared spontaneously, edema persisting longer than 3 weeks (6 cases), remnant varicose vein (4 cases), skin perforation during operative procedure (2 cases), and contact dermatitis due to compression stocking (4 cases) The mean hospitalization day was 3.09 days. Subjective mean satisfaction degree of operation by the patients using a visual analogue scale was 92.6%. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that transilluminated powered phleectomy using arthroscopic equipment was possible and had good cosmetic results with acceptable complications.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 2001

International index of erectile function (IIEF) has a high sensitivity and specificity for the evaluating treatment of erectile dysfunction. IIEF was used to evaluate on an international level the effectiveness of red ginseng on patients with erectile dysfunction and determine its possible development as a natural drug. 50 patients with erectile failure who were 20 years or older and without organic cause were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1(25 patients) received red ginseng 600mg three times a day and group 2 (25 patients) received placebo in the same fashion for 8 weeks. Each group was evaluated with IIEF at the start and end of therapy. Of the 50 patients 47 (group 1 24, group 2 23) who completed the 8 week therapy were evaluated. The mean age and symptom duration of the patients was 45.7$\pm$8.7 (27-68) and 6.2$\pm$5.6(1-29) years, respectively. Patient age, symptom duration. marriage status, marriage duration, partner age were not statistic significance between the two groups (p>0.05). Blood chemistry, urinalysis, and hormonal assay did not reveal difference between the two groups. primary efficacy (erectile rigidity and its maintenance) and all domains in secondary efficacy were significantly better after therapy in group 1 compared to those of group 2 (p<0.05) except for frequency of sexual desire, degree of sexual desire, and frequency of intercourse trial (p>0.05). Group 1 patients were significantly more satisfied after treatment compared to group 2 patients with 58.3% (14/24)and 26.1%(6/23) satisfaction rates, respectively. There were no adverse reactions or complications with ginseng adiminstration. Further study into the effects of saponin and ginsenoside that are the main substances in ginseng for erectile dysfunction is needed. In addition, its possible additive effect with ginseng and sildenafil should be elucidated in the future.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.41
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• pp.303-336
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the uses and gratifications of the U. S. TV dramas favored by the Korean college students. The uses and gratifications of the U. S. TV dramas are also compared with the Korean TV dramas. In addition, this study analyzes how the motives and satisfactions of students on the U. S. dramas influence on watching patterns of the Korean TV dramas. The results of the factor analysis show that student's motives on watching the U. S. TV dramas are composed of four factors, such as 'Entertainment/Relaxation', 'Getting Information', 'Environment/Companionship', and 'Sexual curiosity'. In contrast, the motives of watching Korean TV dramas are composed of six factors, which are added 'Korean Drama Characteristics' and 'Habitual Time-Spending' to four factors of the U. S. dramas. After dividing the student groups with the heavy and the light watchers, this research shows that three out of five for the U. S. dramas are significantly different, whereas two out of six factors for the Korean counterparts. Finally, the uses and gratifications of the U. S. dramas favored by the Korean college students influence little on the watching patterns of the Korean TV dramas.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.1 s.79
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

Each ethnic group has different cultural backgrounds and each culture has developed with its own traditions. The interaction between different cultures is getting more active through acculturation and cultural contacts. The purpose of this study was to compare domestic living of Korean immigrants with Australians in the form of a Cross-Cultural study. For this, usage of domestic space and seating style of 52 Korean households and 53 Australian households in Melbourne were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire was used. The results of the research were as follows. 1. The most popular type of Living-Dining-Kitchen arrangement was L+ K. D for Koreans and L. D . K for Australians. 2. A laundry room was indispensable for both and they all wanted to do ironing in there as well as dry. Both were satisfied with the type which toilet was separated from the bathroom Drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not indispensable for most Koreans and Australians. 3. Koreans and Australians were doing various activities in living area and both were getting together around kitchen(dining) area. The particular thing of Koreans was that they were using the main bedroom with multiple purpose. 4. The seating style of Koreans and Australians belong to chair-seating style generally. But Koreans were using floor seating style in making bed for the guest and making Kimchi. Koreans and Australians were using mixed style of floor seating and chair-seating in relaxing time with watching TV, treating guest or so. 5. Koreans were not satisfied with using carpet cause of dust but Australians were satisfied with the carpet cause of warmness. 6. Most Koreans and Australians were take off shoes inside of the house. Koreans were organize shoes around the front door of the house usually and Australians were organize shoes in bedroom usually. 7. The most popular heating system was ducted heating for both. The level of satisfaction about ducted heating was low for Koreans because they though that it could contaminate air. Australians were satisfied with ducted heating because they though that this one was fit on the weather of this area. 8. Living room was the most important one for Koreans and Australians and they also thought it should be decorated well for entertaining guests. Most Koreans were estimate that the brightness of the light of the house was not enough but it was estimated to moderate for Australians on the contrary.