• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 Terra MODIS(MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 위성영상과 토양수분 부족지수(Soil Water Deficit Index, SWDI)를 이용하여 2012년부터 2022년까지 한반도 전국의 1km 공간 증발산량을 산정하였다. 공간 증발산량을 산정하기 위한 과정은 크게 두 가지로 구분된다. 첫 번째로 MODIS의 LST(Land Surface Temperature), NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), 선행강우 및 무강우 누적일수를 이용해 1 km 공간 토양수분을 산정하였다. 농촌진흥청 토양수분관측망 자료 중 토지피복, 토양 속성을 고려하여 선정된 70개소 토양수분 실측데이터와 비교한 결과 지점별 평균 R² 0.63~0.90으로 유의미한 상관성을 나타내었다. 산정된 공간 토양수분은 생장저해수분점과 초기위조점의 관계를 이용한 SWDI로 변환하였다. 두 번째로 순 복사량, 기온 및 NDVI의 적은 수문인자를 통해 증발산량 산정이 가능한 MS-PT(Modified Satellite-based Priestley-Taylor) 모형을 기반으로 계절별 식생과 토양수분 상태를 고려하여 1 km 공간 증발산량을 산정하였다. MS-PT 모형에서 가정한 대기 증발 변수 Diurnal temperature (DT)와 지표 수분의 상관성 문제를 해결하기 위해 DT를 SWDI로 적용하였다. 모형 결과의 검증을 위해 국내 플럭스 타워 (설마천, 청미천, 덕유산) 증발산량 관측자료와의 결정계수(Coefficient of determination, R²), RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) 및 IOA(Index of Agreement)를 산정하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 생산되는 국내 증발산량의 시, 공간적 변동성은 증발산량을 통한 수문학적 가뭄지수 및 급성 가뭄을 파악하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2023

제3차 우주개발 진흥 기본계획의 일환으로써 개발되는 차세대 중형위성 5호인 수자원위성은 수자원/수재해 감시 전용 위성으로 2025년 발사 예정이다. 수자원위성의 메인 센서인 C-band 영상레이더(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)는 기상조건 및 주야 상관없이 지표면 관측이 가능한 센서로 급변하는 수재해 양상에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 탑재된 센서이다. 본 연구사업은 차세대 수자원위성의 효과적 활용 방안 및 SAR 자료기반의 활용산출물 및 주제도 서비스를 위한 알고리즘 구조설계 및 표출시스템 시범개발을 목표로 하고 있으며, 홍수/가뭄/안전/환경모니터링을 주제로 수자원 및 원격탐사 분야의 다학제적 전문가들로 구성된 컨소시엄을 구성하여 추진하고 있다. 본 연구의 내용은 가뭄 모니터링을 위해 개발 중인 SAR 기반 토양수분과 농업적 가뭄지수 산정 알고리즘 개발 및 공간적 표출을 포함한다. 토양수분은 SAR 영상에서 지표피복별로 추출된 후방산란계수와 수문학적 개념의 융합을 통해 논/밭/산림에 대해 산정한다. 물리적 특성에 기반한 변화탐지모델을 활용해 토양수분량을 추출 후, 기계학습기법과 S C S - C N 방법에서 파생된 수문학적 개념 5일 선행강우량과 결합한 토양수분 산정 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 산정된 토양수분을 기반으로, 논 지역은 벼 재배에 따른 담수 시기를 고려한 토양의 포화/불포화상태, 밭 지역은 토양 종류에 따른 토양의 물리적 특성, 산림 지역은 수문학적 개념 및 식생지수를 활용하여 가뭄 판단 기준을 구축하고, 가뭄의 해갈 여부와 해갈되는 시점의 강우량을 산정 가능한 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 개발된 가뭄 모니터링 기법은 향후 고도화, 최적화 및 안정화를 통해 수자원위성의 핵심 활용기술로써 구현할 계획이다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2010

Climate change recently causes rapid rises in sea level in Baramarae intertidal area and the rises present several socio-economic impacts to the affected area. We have assessed the vulnerability of the region by the rise of the sea level. Using quantitative GIS method on multi-temporal satellite images, we have first estimated the elevation (Digital Elevation Model: DEM) of Baramarae intertidal area and hence we were possibly able to identify the flooded areas under the IPCC SRES scenarios. As sea level rises by 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm and 60 cm, the estimated flooded areas of the tidal flat are 68ha, 85ha, 103ha, 121ha and 139ha, respectively. The most affected area is the tidal flat in Gagyeongju Village (Gonam-li, Gonam-myeon, Taean, Chungnam), because it has not only lower altitude but also, perhaps more significantly smooth slope. The potential affected areas are currently populated by farming of oysters and short-necked clams and therefore the areas expect significant economic loss by rise of sea level.

• Proceedings of the International Union of Geodesy And Geophysics Korea Journal of Geophysical Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2003

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) is an imaging radar which can scan and image Earth System targets without solar illumination. Most Earth observation Shh systems operate in X-, C-, S-, L-, and P-band frequencies, where the shortest wavelength is approximately 1.5 cm. This means that most opaque objects in the SAR signal path become transparent and SAR systems can image the planetary surface targets without sunlight and through rain, snow and/or even volcanic ash clouds. Most conventional SAR systems in operation, including the Canada's RADARSAT-1, operate in one frequency and in one polarization. This has resulted in black and with images, with which we are familiar now. However, with the launching of ENVTSAT on March 1 2002, the ASAR system onboard the ENVISAT can image Earth's surface targets with selected polarimetric signals, HH+VV, HH+VH, and VV+HV. In 2004, Canadian Space Agency will launch RADARSAT-II, which is C-band, fully polarimetric HH+VV+VH+HV. Almost same time, the NASDA of Japan will launch ALOS (Advanced land Observation Satellite) which will carry L-band PALSAR system, which is again fully polarimetric. This means that we will have at least three fully polarimetric space-borne SAR system fur civilian operation in less than one year. Are we then ready for this new all weather Earth Observation technology\ulcorner Actual imaging process of a fully polarimetric SAR system is not easy to explain. But, most Earth system scientists, including geologists, are familiar with polarization microscopes and other polarization effects in nature. The spatial resolution of the new generation of SAR systems have also been steadily increased, almost to the limit of highest optical resolution. In this talk some new applications how they are used for Earth system observation purpose.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 금강 상류의 용담댐 유역(930.0 km²)을 대상으로 Sentinel-1 SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) 및 Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument(MSI) 위성영상을 활용한 토양수분 산출연구를 수행하였다. 연구에 사용된 자료는 10 m 해상도의 Sentinel-1 IW(Interferometric Wide swath) mode GRD(Ground Range Detected) product의 VV(Vertical transmit-Vertical receive) 및 VH(Vertical transmit-Horizontal receive) 편파자료와 Sentinel-2 Level-2A Bottom of Atmosphere(BOA) reflectance 자료를 2019년에 대해 각 6일 및 5일 간격으로 구축하였다. 위성영상의 Image processing은 SNAP(SentiNel Application Platform)을 활용하여 Sentinel-1 영상의 편파 별(VV, VH) 후방산란계수와 Sentinel-2의 적색(Band-4) 및 근적외(Band-8) 영상을 생성하였다. 토양수분 산출 모형은 다중선형회귀모형(Multiple Linear Regression Model)을 활용하였으며, 각 지점에 해당하는 토양 속성별로 모형을 생성하였다. 모형의 입력자료는 Sentinel-1 위성의 편파별 후방산란계수, Sentinel-1 위성에서 산출된 식생지수 RVI(Radar Vegetation Index)와 Sentinel-2 위성에서 산출된 NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)를 활용하여 식생의 영향을 반영하고자 하였다. 모의 된 토양수분을 검증하기 위해 6개 지점의 TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry) 기반 실측 토양수분 자료를 수집하고, 상관계수(Correlation Coefficient, R), 평균제곱근오차(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE) 및 IOA(Index of Agreement)를 활용하여 전체 기간 및 계절별로 나누어 검증할 예정이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2020

South Korea experiences few large scale erosion and sedimentation problems, however, there are numerous local sedimentation problems. A reliable and consistent approach to modelling and management for sediment processes are desirable in the country. In this study, field measurements of sediment concentration from 34 alluvial river basins in South Korea were used with the Modified Einstein Procedure (MEP) to determine the total sediment load at the sampling locations. And then the Flow Duration-Sediment Rating Curve (FD-SRC) method was used to estimate the specific degradation for all gauging stations. The specific degradation of most rivers were found to be typically 50-300 tons/㎢·yr. A model tree data mining technique was applied to develop a model for the specific degradation based on various watershed characteristics of each watershed from GIS analysis. The meaningful parameters are: 1) elevation at the middle relative area of the hypsometric curve [m], 2) percentage of wetland and water [%], 3) percentage of urbanized area [%], and 4) Main stream length [km]. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of existing models is in excess of 1,250 tons/㎢·yr and the RMSE of the proposed model with 6 additional validations decreased to 65 tons/㎢·yr. Erosion loss maps from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), satellite images, and aerial photographs were used to delineate the geospatial features affecting erosion and sedimentation. The results of the geospatial analysis clearly shows that the high risk erosion area (hill slopes and construction sites at urbanized area) and sedimentation features (wetlands and agricultural reservoirs). The result of physiographical analysis also indicates that the watershed morphometric characteristic well explain the sediment transport. Sustainable management with the data mining methodologies and geospatial analysis could be helpful to solve various erosion and sedimentation problems under different conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.291-291
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• 2022

북한의 황강댐은 우리나라와 북한이 공유하고 있는 대표적인 하천인 임진강 상류에 존재하는 댐으로서 팔당댐의 약 1.5배의 규모를 가지고 있으며, 하류로의 발전방류와 함께 유역 외 지역인 예성강 지역으로 방류량의 일부를 도수시키며 이를 통해 예성강 1, 2호 발전소에서의 발전을 실시하고, 생활, 공업, 농업용수를 예성강 유역에 공급하는 것으로 파악된다. 2009년 9월 6일 임진강 상류 황강댐에서의 대규모 방류로 인해 경기도 연천군 일대에 홍수가 발생하였으며 이로 인한 인명 및 재산피해가 발생한 바 있다. 이에 우리나라에서는 임진강 하류에 군남홍수조절지를 설치하고 상류의 필승교 수위표를 이용하여 홍수경보체제를 운용하고 레이더 강우와 수문모형을 이용한 감시체계를 유지하고 있으나 황강댐 운영현황이 불확실함에 따라 정확한 예보가 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서 미계측 지역의 홍수예보를 위해 산정한 상당상수량이란 저수지의 현재 수위로부터 특정 수위까지 도달하는데 요구되는 강우량을 말하며 강우예보 시점에서 저수지의 최대 수위를 신속하게 파악할 수 있는 홍수예경보 수단이다. 미계측 유역인 임진강 상류 황강댐 유역의 상당강우량을 산정하기 위해 인공위성영상에서 획득한 댐 수위의 시계열 자료를 활용하여 간접적으로 보정된 황강댐 상류의 수문모형을 이용하였으며 현재 댐 수위로부터 주요 수위(방류개시수위, 상시만수위, 계획홍수위)에 도달하게 되는 상당강우량을 산정하였다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-84
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to extract lineaments in the southeastern part of the Gaeum Fault System, and to understand their characteristics and a relationship between them and fault activation. The lineaments were extracted using a multi-layered analysis based on a digital elevation model (5 m resolution), aerial photos, and satellite images. First-grade lineaments inferred as an high-activity along them were classified based on the displacement of the Quaternary deposits and the distribution of fault-related landforms. The results of classifying the first-grade lineaments were verified by fieldwork and electrical resistivity survey. In the study area of 510 km², a total of 222 lineaments was identified, and their total length was 333.4 km. Six grade lineaments were identified, and their total length was 11.2 km. The lineaments showed high-density distribution in the region along the Geumcheon, Gaeum, Ubo fault, and a boundary of the Hwasan cauldron consisting the Gaeum Fault System. They generally have WNW-ESE trend, which is the same direction with the strike of Gaeum Fault System. Electrical resistivity survey was conducted on eight survey lines crossing the first-grade lineament. A low-resistivity zone, which is assumed to be a fault damage zone, has been identified across almost all survey lines (except for only one survey line). The visual (naked eyes) detecting of the lineament was evaluated to be less objectivity than the automatic extraction using the algorithm. However, the results of electrical resistivity survey showed that first-grade lineament extracted by visual detecting was 83% reliable for inferred fault detection. These results showed that objective visual detection results can be derived from multi-layered analysis based on tectonic geomorphology.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2020

In this study, changes in the fluvial landforms of the Yeoju section of the Han River, which was made up of the Han River Restoration Project, were examined through existing previous research data, government's environmental impact assessment data, satellite images, and field observations. For example, In the vicinity of Dori Island, the most upstream part of the study section, the location of the confluence of the Han River and Cheongmi Stream was changed, and it was found that a significant portion of the sand sedimentary layer disappeared. In the Bawuinupgubi area, the wetland, which is the first class in the ecological nature, was greatly modified, and the elevation of the ground rose as Gangcheon island and it was completely separated from the river by dredging The confluence of Geumdangcheon and the point bar of Yeonyang-ri in the south were also dredged, turned into an artificial waterfront park, and a chute channel remained in the form of a wetland was also developed as a recreational park. The deposional forms around Baekseok-ri islands also disappeared as dredging was carried out. Among the areas adjacent to the confluence of Bokcheon and Yangchon-ri Island, some sedimentay forms remains, but the abandonned channel between Yangchon-ri and the northern river bank has been changed into a riverside reservoir through dredging and embankment construction, and the waterway of the tributary river(Yazoo) has been greatly changed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.100-119
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• 2020

During recent years, the heat environment and particulate matter (PM₁₀) have become serious environmental problems, as increases in heat waves due to rising global temperature interact with weakening atmospheric wind speeds. There exist urban heat islands and urban pollution islands with higher temperatures and air pollution concentrations than other areas. However, few studies have examined these issues together because of a lack of micro-scale data, which can be constructed from spatial data. Today, with the help of satellite images and big data collected by private telecommunication companies, detailed spatial distribution analyses are possible. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the spatial distribution patterns of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands within Busan Metropolitan City and to compare the distributions of the two phenomena. In this study, the land surface temperature of Landsat 8 satellite images, air temperature and particulate matter concentration data derived from a private automated meteorological observation system were gridded in 30m × 30m units, and spatial analysis was performed. Analysis showed that simultaneous zones of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands included some vulnerable residential areas and industrial areas. The political migration areas such as Seo-dong and Bansong-dong, representative vulnerable residential areas in Busan, were included in the co-occurring areas. The areas have a high density of buildings and poor ventilation, most of whose residents are vulnerable to heat waves and air pollution; thus, these areas must be considered first when establishing related policies. In the industrial areas included in the co-occurring areas, concrete or asphalt concrete-based impervious surfaces accounted for an absolute majority, and not only was the proportion of vegetation insufficient, there was also considerable vehicular traffic. A hot-spot analysis examining the reliability of the analysis confirmed that more than 99.96% of the regions corresponded to hot-spot areas at a 99% confidence level.