• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2017

Background: Traditional Korean Sasang constitutional (SC) medicine categorizes individuals into four constitutional types [Tae-eum (TE), So-eum (SE), Tae-yang (TY), or So-yang (SY)] based on biological and physiological characteristics. As these characteristics are closely related to the bioenergetics of the human body, we assessed the correlation between SC type and energy metabolism features. Methods: Forty healthy, young ($22.3{\pm}1.4$ years) males volunteered to participate in this study. Participants answered an SC questionnaire, and their face shape, voice tone, and body shape were assessed using an SC analysis tool. Thirty-one participants (10 TE, 10 SE, 3 TY, and 8 SY) were selected for further analysis. Collected blood samples were subjected to blood composition analysis, mitochondrial function analysis, and whole-exome sequencing. Results: The SY type showed significantly lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the SE type. Cellular and mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were similar across types. All types showed similar basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, whereas the TE type showed a significantly lower ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate than the other types. Whole-exome sequencing identified several genes variants that were exclusively detected in particular SC types, including 19 for SE, seven for SY, 11 for TE, and six for TY. Conclusion: SC type-specific differences in mitochondrial function and gene mutations were detected in a small group of healthy, young Korean males. These results are expected to greatly improve the accurate screening and utilization of SC medicine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2003

Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is based on the theory of Sasang (Taeyang, Soyang, Taeum, Soeum) in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM). It is hypothesized that all of the things in the material world can be divided into the four categories of SCM. We made a new attempt to combine nutritive components, and patterns in physical activities with SCM. At first, we hypothetically divided the nutrients into 4 compartments according to SCM theory, and human body composition as well. These factors could be basically related to Sasangin Exercise Treatment (SET). Therefore, we applied sasangin theory to exercise prescription. As a research method, we hypothesized that human beings' types can be distinguished by mind and body. Mind was focused on exercise psychological aspects, and body also handled by nutrients, body compositions, body shapes, and exercise physiological aspects. For application of sasang theory to the exercise prescriptions, Taeumin as a sample sasangin was selected in this study. We concluded that in perspective of general traits, Taeumin have to reduce their carbohydrate intake volume, but greatly increase their intake of vitamins, minerals, and water in daily diet. They are also recommended exercises that can increase cardiorespiratory function and make them sweat, like endurance running, hiking, swimming, cycling, etc.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2003

There have been several the reports that the mechanism of Sasang consititution might be understood in the level of genes. Previous study of the authors showed that HLA types and constitutional information had significant relationships. One hundred subjects who showed Taeum characteristics were selected in the present study. HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, ACE, ${\beta}-IIAR$, ${\beta}-IIIAR$, UCP-1, and ALDH2 polymorphisms were analyzed. Also, ACE, ${\beta}-IIAR$, ${\beta}-IIIAR$, UCP-1, and ALDH2 analyses were performed on the 100 samples of previous study who showed Taeyang characteristics. Despite of several significant differences of HLA allele frequencies between Taeum-inclined group and normal control group, this significance level was not sufficient ro support the association between constitution and HLA genes, because of the raised alpha error rate. The polymorphisrns of ACE, ${\beta}-IIAR$, ${\beta}-IIIAR$, UCP-1, and ALDH2 genes did not show relationship between Taeyang-inclined and Taeum-inclined groups, whereas BMI showed difference between Taeyang-inclined and Taeum-inclined groups. ALDH2 in Taeyang-inclined group confirmed the protective role of ALDH2*2 allele against alcoholism.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate if the answers of questionnaires correlate with real body shapes and to evaluate if there are any differences between different types of questionnaires. Methods : We hand-measured body circumferences and body widths to analyze statistically answers of 9 questions from 2 different questionnaires. Also we compared two different types of questionnaires with Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and two way ANOVA test. Results : There are significant correlations between answers of questions and all measured body circumferences and most body circumferences except for iliac width. Also answers of questionnaires even about the same chest part are not quite the same according to the opposite type of questionnaire after we compared grouping two of eight questions. Patients seem to have difficulty to recognizing if their necks are well-developed or not especially when the question asks about body shape when comparing two parts such as neck vs waist or chest vs buttock. Conclusions : There is general tendency of recognizing one's body shape properly. But also there are differences of recognition according to the type of questionnaire about the same body. So it is recommended to study more about the questionnaires.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2010

Objectives : Recently, in Sasang Constitution Medicine (SCM), many researchers have studied to construct objective diagnose tool for the SCM type. It is most important to collect correct constitutional clinical data in these studies. Methods : In our work, we construct a web-based system for collecting constitutional clinical data effectively. Results & Conclusion : The system offers 4 types of input programs, which helps to collect clinical information from various hospitals, and performs verification service to minimize input errors. Currently, we have collected about four thousands data using the our system and we will provide several analysis tool in the system for researchers.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.199-211
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• 1990

In order to investigate the hemostatic effect of Gamiikwiseungyangtang, prothrombin time was measured after administered with the extract of Ikwiseungyangtang added four several herb drugs and Ikwiseungyangtang extract added four several herb drugs extract to mice orally. The results were as follows: 1. Gamiikwiseungyangtang was recognized significance on the plasma prothrombin time in normal mice. 2. Gamiikwiseungyangtang was recognized significance on the plasma prothrombin time in hypoprothrombinemic mice. 3. Prothrombin time of Gamiikwiseungyangtang on normal and hypoprothrombinemic mice was not recognized effective difference according to two types. From above results, Gamiikwiseungyangtang indicates that it is effect on the hemostatic activity.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2001

Purpose This study was designed co determine the possibility of HLA typing in the objeccification of constitution. Methods We selected 100 patients who showed Taeyang characteristics, and divided them into Soum-inclined group and Soyang-inclined group. HLA-A, B, DRBI typing was perfomed by ARMS-PCR and PCR-SSOP method. Results Taeyang characteristic group as a whole showed significant difference in A1, A11, B37, B70/71, DRBI*15,DRB1*14 alleles in comparison with normal control group. Soum-inclined group showed significant difference in All, B70/71, Soyang-inclined group in DRBl*15, hard drinker group in DRBl*15, DRBl*13, drink-rejecting group in All, B37, DRBl*7, DRB1*14 in comparison with normal control group. Conclusion : There were significant relations between constitutional information and HLA types.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Childhood obesity leads to adult obesity in case of failure of obesity treatment in childhood. It has been reported recently that the various risk factors that cause childhood obesity may lead to diabetes and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood, thus the treatment of childhood obesity is more important. Sasang Typology advocated by the Korean traditional medical doctor in the late Joseon Dynasty, Je-Ma Lee (李濟馬), separated into four types of human constitution. It is known that Tae-Eum type (太陰人) is likely to be obese compared with other constitutions. This study examined the effects that influence on indicators related obesity and metabolic diseases through conducting aquatic application program at Tae-Eum type children who are severely obese (BMI > 30) during 12 weeks. Moreover, this study investigated the herbal prescriptions for obesity of Tae-Eum type (太陰人).

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-61
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• 1999

연구목적(硏究目的) : 고대철학가(古代哲學家)들은 우주(宇宙)의 본원(本元)을 연구하는 동시에 인류생명의 기원과 본질을 탐구하였는데 기존의 정기학설(精氣學說), 음양학설(陰陽學說), 오행학설(五行學說) 등등은 이러한 시도중의 하나라고 할 수 있다. 이 글에서는 형상관(形象觀)을 사물(事物)을 바로보는 기본적인 인식체계(認識體系), 인식론(認識論), 자연현상(自然現象) 인체현상(人體現象)을 설명하는 이론적(理論的)인 도구 등으로 정의(定意)하고 동무(東武)의 형상관(形象觀)을 고찰하여 보았다. 연구방법(硏究方法) : 동무(東武)는 자신의 형상관(形象觀)을 자신의 저서(著書)인 "격치고(格致藁)", "동의수세보원사상초본권(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)" 등에서 서술하고 있는데 이러한 동무(東武)의 저서(著書)를 바탕으로 그가 어떤 방법론으로 형상(形象)을 서술하는지에 대해 고찰하고, 이를 인체(人體)에 어떻게 적용하고 있는지에 대해 논(論)하였다. 결론(結論) : 이상의 과정을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. "격치고(格致藁) 태극잠(太極잠)", "격치고(格致藁) 유략(儒略) 사상(事物), "동의수세보원사상초본권(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)"에 나타나고 있는 인식의 구조는 태극(太極), 양의(兩儀), 사상(四象)을 그 기본으로 하고 있는데 태극지심(太極之心)이 있고, 거기서 이분법적(二分法的)으로 분파된 양의지심(兩儀之心)이 있고, 거기서 분파(分派)된 사상지심(四象之心)이 있다. 태극지심(太極之心)은 중앙지심(中央之心)이고, 양의지심(兩歲之心)은 신심(心身) 또는 지행(知行)으로 표현이 되는데, 심적(心的) 지적(知的) 요소의 축과 신적(身的) 행적(行的) 요소의 축이 교차하여 사심신물(事心身物)의 사상(四象)을 형성한다. 사상(四象)으로부터는 기존의 주역(周易)에서와 같은 이분법적(二分法的)인 분파(分派)에 의해 입괘(八卦)가 형성이 되는 것이 아니라며 사분법적(四分法的)인 분파(分派)에 의해 사사단(四四端)을 형성한다. 이상이 동무의 기본인식체계의 구조라 할 수 있다. 2. 동무(東武)는 사심신물(事心身物)의 사상적(四象的) 시각에서 그 기본을 삼고, 이를 다시 심신양의적(心身兩儀的) 시각에서 요약하여 정리하고 이를 태극적(太極的) 관점에서 전체적으로 요약하여 보는 인식의 요약과정을 갖는다. 3. 이상의 인식과정은 "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)" 성명론(性命論) 사단론(四端論) 확충론(擴充論)에도 마찬가지로 정리되어 나타나니, 천품지이정(天稟之已定)의 요소이며, 인(人)의 요소인 사물(事物)의 상하(上下)의 축과 천품지이정지외(天稟之已定之外)의 요소이며 아(我)의 차원인 심신(心身)(지행(知行))의 축을 그 기본구도로 전개하며, 그 양축을 바탕으로 사심신물(事心身物)(천인지행(天人知行))의 사원적(四元的)구도와 그 상호관계를 논(論)하고 있다. 4. 동무(東武)의 태극(太極), 양의(兩儀), 사상(四象) 다시 말해서 심(心), 심신(心身), 사심신물(事心身物)의 인식구조는 인체에서의 용어로 바뀌어져 병증론(病證論)으로의 가교 역할을 하는 장부론(臟腑論)에 표현되고 있다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2015

Objective : Recently many kinds of food therapies have sprung up to prevent or manage disease and to promote health. Seeing Korean history, the Korean medical doctors have been applying food therapy based on the thought that the dietary sources were as important as the medicine. Therefore, in this study, we designed a mobile edutainment game prototype with the goal of providing education about healthy food knowledge for users who belongs to different constitutional types. Materials and Method : We adopted the Sasang Constitutional Medicine as the medical background knowledge for our edutainment game design. Based on the user study, we developed the process of edutainment system which is composed of 'My game', 'My constitution', and 'My food'. Among the whole process, we developed a prototype for the core module - the 'My game' part. This prototype used a jumping game for mobile devices that is composed of training, level 1 and level 2 stages. Results : From the target user evaluation, it was proved that 1) in terms of the learning effect of healthy diet, the edutainment game we developed has a significant advantage over the conventional learning media. 2) after playing the edutainment game, the good and bad food identification accuracy based on picture and text format were increased by 44% and 42% respectively, and 3) target users perceived enjoyment while using this prototype, as well as showed positive intention to use this game as edutainment tool in the future. Conclusion : We designed and developed mobile edutainment game prototype to educate healthy food knowledge based on Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Through user evaluation, we proved that our prototype enhanced healthy food knowledge and that user accepted the prototype as a beneficial edutainment tool.