• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2005

1. Objectives Though the distributional rate of Sasangin was mentioned in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$, there were few studies on the distributional rate of Sasangin in Korea. So, this study was conducted to estimate the distributional rate of Sasangin in Korea. 2. Methods The medical records of 1,423 subjects who have taken diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2003 to June 2003 at a health examination center of a hospital in Seoul were reviewed. Then distributional rate of Sasang constitution were analyzed and age sex-adjusted standardized distributional rate were estimated by direct standardization using a reference population of 2000 aged from 20 to 70 years. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The total number of subjects were 1,423(Males : 704(49.5%) / Females : 719(50.5%)). And the mean age of the subjects was $46.3{\pm}11.4$ years(males : $45.4{\pm}11.3$ / females $47.1{\pm}11.4$). (2) Among the 1,423 subjects, distributional rate of Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin were 46.9%, 29.1% and 24.0%(Male : Taeumin 48.2%, Soyangin 37.9%, Soeumin 13.9% / Female: Taeumin 45.6%, Soyangin 20.4%, Soeumin 33.9%). (3) Age sex-adjusted standardized distributional rate of Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin were 45.4%, 28.2% and 26.4%(Male : Taeumin 50.8%, Soyangin 35.1%, Soeumin 14.1% / Female: Taeumin 39.5%, Soyangin 21.0%, Soeumin 39.4%) (4) The rate of Soeumins was higher than that mentioned in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$,and the distributional rate of Sasangin according to sex was different. (5) So it was thought that the distributional rate of Sasangin in Korea was different from that mentioned in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.894-899
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• 2011

Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) has been actively researched through various approaches, including computational methods. This paper aims at providing an overview of domestic studies using the computational techniques in TKM field. A literature search was conducted in Korean publications using OASIS system, and major studies of data mining in TKM were identified. A review was presented in six diagnosis fields, including sasang constitution diagnosis, eight constitution diagnosis, tongue diagnosis, pattern diagnosis for stroke, diagnosis based on ontology, diagnosis for cause of disease. They collect clinical data themselves for experiments and primarily applied a algorithm of decision tree, SVM, neural network, case-based reasoning, ontology reasoning, discriminant analysis. In the future, there needs to identify which algorithm is suitable to diagnosis or other fields of TKM.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1063-1074
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the Sasang constitution (SC) and cold and heat pattern identification (CHPI). Methods: SC, CHPI, MetS, and component data were obtained from 2,561 participants in 26 Korean medical clinics from 2007 to 2013. SC, diagnosed by Korean medicine doctors, was confirmed by positive responses to herbal medicines administered according to that constitution. The CHPI was verified by a questionnaire about thermal sensitivity and drinking habits. The diagnosis criteria for MetS were: 1) waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm (male) and ≥80 cm (female); 2) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; 3) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) <40 mg/dL (male) and <50 mg/dL (female); 4) blood pressure ≧130/85 mmHg; and 5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Odds ratios (ORs) and differences in MetS and its components were compared using logistic regression and ANCOVA. Results: The MetS prevalence rates were 54.1%, 22.0%, and 33.3% for Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY), respectively, and 30.5% and 44.5% for the cold and heat patterns, respectively. ANCOVA for MetS components showed significantly higher WC in TE than in SE or SY, and all components except HDL were higher in the heat pattern group than in the cold pattern group. Logistic regression for MetS prevalence showed a significant association between TE and the heat pattern group (OR=1.653) but not for non-TE and the cold pattern group. Conclusions: Considering SC and CHPI together may be more effective in managing MetS than considering SC alone.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2007

1. Objectives This study was to investigate correlation between the diagnosis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) and the differentiation of syndromes according to the state of Qi, Blood, Body Fluid, Phlegm retention and the five viscera in storke inpatients. 2. Methods Stroke inpatients were investigated through questionaire of differentiation of syndromes and QSCC2. The results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA on SPSS 12. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) Soeumin had a high grade on Qi-insufficiency than other consititutions. 2) Soyangin had a low grade on Qi-insufficiency, spleen disease than other consititutions. 3) There were not significant results in the investigation item of the sweating, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain among the constitutions.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-101
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• 1997

The physiologic and pathologic theories of "The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine (黃帝內經)" were based on yin-yang theory. It has been an important constituent of traditional Chinese medicine, and the eight principal syndromes have been main guidelines in diagnosis and treatment. Recently it had an great influene on the formation of the pathophysiology of Constitutional medicine. Therefore each constitution menifests special pathophysiologic propriorities of the eight pricipal syndromes, especially specific to one's constitution. So we can recognize specific patterns of the yin and yang, cold and heat, exterior and interior, deficient and excessive syndromes through a series of processes distinguishing one's constitution. The theory of the Constitutional medicine, however, has contained those achievements in a new angle and view the problem from a little different standpoint. The dynamic relationships inevitably have caused certain changes and distortions in the meaning and application of eight principles. These are a progress in medical science, and this advance is the stirring venture of Lee jaema. This thesis has intended to show the delicate relationship between the two, and investigate into these "changes and distortions".

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.145-150
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the reproducibility of responses to the QSCC II. Methods: Subjects have been tested by QSCC II for 2 or 3 successive years in Kangnam Korean Hospital at Kyunghee University from January 2002 to December 2005. We analyzed constitutions of the same subjects of each year tested. Results: In the second year of QSCC II assessment, 333 of the total 584 subjects were classed as the same constitutions as in their first test. The reproducibility was thus 56.88%. After the third year of QSCC II, 45 of a total 81 subjects were in the same constitutions. The reproducibility was thus 55.56%. Conclusions: We have found that the reproducibility of QSCC II is about 56%, so there is a severe limitation to diagnosis of constitution by QSCC II. Therefore, we must analyze constitutions through multiple objective methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.21-46
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• 2008

Though modern medicine has taken rapid strides, varieties of intractable maladies and diseases go on increasing more and more. And so medical technologies and academic achievements related to diagnoses and prognoses are being carried on. As the progress of genetics, all sorts of diseases have proved to be hereditary. This makes efficient use of the prevention of diseases. According to Sasang-Constitution medicine, each person inherently possesses a unique constitution different from that of any other person. The shapes and sizes, temperaments and characters of people have enormous variations that must affect our health and happiness. Without understanding our particular constitution, we must fall into poor health and disease. The food and exercise that are good for one person's constitution may not be good for another. No standardized medicine can adequately deal with our individual variations. Only a system that can discern our different constitutional types has this capacity. This paper is to study Life-Regulating Science that has taken firm root in our culture from time immemorial, so that I suggest the methods of diagnoses and prognoses by using Life-Regulating Science. In the medical texts, psychological imbalances of Eum-Yang and Five Phases generate all kinds of diseases. Accordingly visceral manifestation and diseases as a future possibility may be known by the Four Pillars.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.309-319
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• 2016

Objectives This study was aimed to analyze the reliability of vocal features and probabilities for being in Sasang constitutional types calculated from Sasang constitutional voice diagnosis system according to operator presence. Methods We acquired 96 voice recordings from one male and one female for 4 days. For the first 2 days, the subjects recorded their voice by themselves. For the last 2 days, they recorded according to the instruction of an operator following the standard operating procedure. We analyze the standard deviations of vocal features, probabilities for being three constitutional types, Tae-Eum (TE), So-Yang (SY), and So-Eum (SE) Results In the case of the female, coefficients of variations of the voice variables and the probabilities for being each constitutional type were all within 20%. In the case of the male, coefficients of variations were all within 20% except one variable. Even if there was no instruction from the operator, standard deviations of the probability did not increase for both genders. When recorded without the operator, for male, the probability for being SE decreased by 3.2%. For female, the probability for being TE increased by 5.438%, and that of SE decreased by 3.057%, and that of SY decreased by 2.394%. Conclusions When recorded without operators, for men, there was a significant difference in the probability for being SE. And for women, there were significant differences in the probabilities for all constitutional types.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to objectively diagnose American male and female's production of two vowels /a, i/ by Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods It was analyzed the constitutional characteristics of the American adults voices with PSSC-2004. of 134 cases of vowels /a, i/ with a duration of $2.5{\sim}3$ seconds were inputted in PSSC-2004 and analyzed into 40 factors. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) APQ In the male group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's APQ(l), APQ(3) and APQ(4) were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. 2) Shimmer In the male group's production of vowel /a/, Soeumin's Octave1 Shimmer was significantly low compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowel /i/, Soeumin's D-Shimmer was significantly low compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the female group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's C-Shimmer was significantly high compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. 3) Octave In the male group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's Octave3, Octave4, Octave5, Octave6 and Octave1 Ratio were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowels /a, i/, the Soyangin's Octave4 was significantly high compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. 4) Energy In the male group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's Time Domain Total Sum /Time Domain Count, Freq Domain Total Sum /cnt(0), 0k-4k Total Sum, Dev., A(A#, C, E, D#, E, F#) tot E, and A(C,, D#, F#) Dev. were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowel /i/, the Soyangin's Time Domain Total Sum /Time Domain Count, Freq Domain Total Sum /cnt(0) and 0k-4k Total Sum, Dev. were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. 5) Peak In the male group's production of vowels /a/ and /i/,, the Soyangin's Peak1 Ratio was significantly low compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowels /a/ and /i/,, the Soyangin's Peak10 Ratio, Time Domain Peak Total/Total Energy Sum, Time Domain Peak Dev. and Total/Total Dev. Sum were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. 6) It is necessary to expand the research of the acoustic analysis of American and Korean to other countries in the diagnosis of the Sasang Constitution by using the voice characteristics.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.68-82
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• 2006

1. Objectives and Methods The purpose of this study was to objectify the diagnosis of Sasang constitution. It was analyzed the adult men and women's [i] sound into 23 factors with PSSC-2004. The study was conducted by subjects inputting 2.5-3 sec of [i] of 586 adult men and women's voices to PSSC-2004. The statistical analysis are applied to three groups : total group, male group, female group. The group of total 586 was composed with 155 Soyangin, 230 Taeumin and 201 Soeumin. The male group was composed with 61 Soyangin, 127 Taeumin and 87 Soeumin. The female group was composed with 94 Soyangin, 103 Taeumin and 114 Soeumin. 2. Results (1) In total group, the Soyangin's code3 was significantly low compared with the others(P=0.011). In total group, the Taeumin's code2 and the Soyangin's code1 were significantly high compared with the others(p=0.007)(P=0.030). (2) In total group, the Soyangin's peak, 50 up in peak and under 3 in peak were significantly low compared with the others(P=0.003) (P=0.005)(P=0.023). (3) In total group, the Taeumin's rank7, rank8, rank9 and rank10 were significantly high compared with the others (P=0.013)(P=0.015) (P=0.016)(P=0.003). (4) In male group, the Soeumin's code3 was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.002). (5) In male group, the Soeumin's peak sum was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.009). It was significant for distinction between Soeumin and Soyangin at the result of post mortem. In male group, the Soeumin's 50 up in peak, 50 down in peak were significantly high compared with the others(P=0.049)(p=0.037). In male group, the Soeumin's under 3 in peak was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.016). It was significant for distinction between Soeumin and Soyangin at the result of post mortem. (6) In male group, the Soeumin's rank 2, rank 3 and rank 4 were significantly low compared with the others(P=0.011) (0.011)(0.024). (7) In female group, the Taeumin's code2 was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.023). In female group, the Soyangin's code1 was significantly low compared with the others (P=0.046). In female group, Soyangin's code-1 was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.024). It was significant for distinction between Taeumin and Soyangin at the result of post mortem. (8) In female group, the Taeumin's peak sum was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.024). It was significant for distinction between Taeumin and Soyangin at the result of post mortem. In female group, the Taeumin's 50 up in peak was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.012). (9) In female group, the Taeumin's rank 7, rank 8, rank 9 and rank 10 were significantly high compared with the others (P=0.009) (P=0.013)(P=0.016)(P=0.023). 3. Conclusion From above result, there is the possibility of efficiency standardguide for constitutional diagnosis by analyzation of the voices.