• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.14-22
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find the prevalences and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome according to Sasang constitution. Methods : The medical records of 364 subjects who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January to June of 2003 at a health examination center of a hospital in Seoul were reviewed. The prevalences and the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome according to Sasang constitution were compared and analyzed. Results : 1) Among the 364 subjects, 88 (24.2%) were Soeumin, 101 (27.7%) were Soyangin, and 175 (48.1%) were Taeumin. 2) The prevalences of high WC, high TG, low HDL-c, high BP and high FBS of Taeumin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions (p-value < 0.05). 3) The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome of Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin were 46.3%, 16.8% and 9.1% respectively. The rates were significantly different according to Sasang constitution (p-value < 0.001). 4) Taeumin had higher risk of high WC than Soeumin (adjusted OR : 3.83, 95% CI : 1.19-12.29) and higher risk of high FBS than Soeumin (adjusted OR: 5.93,95% CI : 1.11-31.77). 5) Taeumin had higher risk of the metabolic syndrome than Soeumin (adjusted OR : 3.40, 95% CI : 1.25-9.23). Conclusions : There were significant differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to Sasang constitution. Sasang constitution was identified as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study was done to learn the Sasang constitutional distribution and to find out if there are differences in the type of diseases and symptoms according to the Sasang constitution in Japan. 2. Methods: We collected data from 366 patients who visited the Department of Oriental Medicine, Keio University and recruited 132 healthy persons in Tokyo, Japan. For sasang constitution diagnosis, they all have done SSCQ-P(Sasang Constitution Questionaire for Patients) questionnaire. and a sasang constitution specialist diagnosed the sasang constitution of them. And We classify the diseases and symptoms of 313 patients according to KCD(Korean Standard Classification of Diseases) and learn the prevalences of diseases and symptoms according to Sasang Constitution. 3. Results: 1) Among the total 498 subjects, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin were 2.0%, 26.3%, 29.9%, and 41.8%. Among the 366 patients, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin, and Soeumin were 0.8%, 27.3%, 28.7%, and 43.2%. Among the 132 healthy group, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin were 5.3%, 23.5%, 33.3%, and 37.9%. 2) The prevalences of 'V.Mental and behavioural disorders', 'XI.Diseases of the digestive system', 'XV.Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium' and 'feeling of coldness(X VIII.Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, NEC)' of Soeumin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions.(p-value<0.05) 4. Conclusions: The distributional rate of Sasangin of Japanese was different from that of Korean and especially the distributional rate of Soeumin of Japanese was significantly higher than that of Korean. There were significant differences on the prevalences of some diseases and symtoms according to KCD in Soeumin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

In this study, when physician make a diagnosis of Sasang constitution of patients, anthropometric data are applied to seek the classification function into Sasang constitution. Data used in the analysis are the anthropometric data of 550 patients who had been treated in nine oriental medical hospital, and our data have no missing value in 12 anthropometric variables. In order to improve the accuracy of classification function into Sasang constitution, we consider one method of variable transformation of anthropometric data based on oriental medicine.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.239-255
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• 1996

The study was conducted for the purpose of finding out an objective classification method for the Sasang Constitutional medicine, which divides people into 4 groups of constitution and presents comprehensively physiology, pathology, diagnosis, theraphy and recuperation fit to each constitution. Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution collected during 9 months from March 1995 to November 1995. For the purposes of this study, the collected data were analyzed by crosstabs, variation analysis, discrimination analysis. The analyzing program was SPSS PC+V4.0. The results were as follows : 1. QSCC consists of the authorized questions studied by te oriental medicine specialists based on "four groups" given the diagnosis of Sasang Constitution Classification and variation analysis by scores of body constitution. 2. When human's body constitution is classified on the basis of QSCC scores of body constitutions and classified by the absolute size, group cases correctly classified was So-Yang-In 17.3%, Tae-Em-In 26.4%, So-Em-In 74.2%, Tae-Yang-In 100%. However, the number of examples are rare. Average percent of "group" cases correctly classified was 39.3%. 3. When human's body constitution is classified on the basis of QSCC scores of body constitutions and clasified by the relative size, group cases correctly classified was So-Yang-In 40.5%, Tae-Em-In 29.1%, So-Em-In 49.2%, Tae-Yang-In 100%. However, the number of examples are rare. Average percent of "group" cases correctly classified was 39.6%. 4. If the diagnosis of body constitution applies to the people after discrimination formula applies to them before the scores of body constitution is correctly analyzed, group cases correctly classified was So-Yang-in 50.5%, Tae-Em-In 36.9%, So-Em-In 55.9%, Tae-Yang-In 100%. However, the number of examples are rare. Average percent of "group" cases correctly classified was 44.03%. 5. As discrimination formula is applied and analyzed based on the questions of higher percent of reaction freqency, So-Yang-in 61.4%, Tae-Em-In 48.8%, So-Em-In 62.0%. Average percent of group cases correctly classified was 54.91% and it was percent increased compared to chance probability. 6. Therefore, it comes to the conclusion if we utilize QSCC, we are able to predict Sasang Constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.98-109
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• 2010

1. Objectives: This study is to investigate the association of Sasang Constitution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). 2. Methods: One thousand five hundred forty five persons, more than 40 years old, participated in the community based cohort in Wonju City and Pyeongchang City of South Korea from October 29th in 2007 to February 26th in 2008. The diagnosis of COPD was confirmed by spirometry and based on the diagnostic criteria developed by GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) standard. Relating items like height, weight, BMI(Body Mass Index), martial status, income, drinking, smoking and education were checked using questionnaires and Sasang Constitution was diagnosed by a specialist using PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution), facial photos and check-up lists. 3. Results: There were 88 persons(5.7%) who had mild COPD. Old age(more than 60's) and male were significant risk factors of COPD. But smoking, drinking and Sasang Constitution were not risk factors of COPD. But there were many Soeumin who had mild COPD in terms of Sasang Constitution irrespective of sex. 4. Conclusions: Low BMI(<23kg/m2) and low income also were significant risk factors. And Sasang Constitution might be the variable to manage COPD patients, but more researches are needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.262-267
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• 2006

We verified the reproducibility of constitution by IGM and the agreement rate between sasang constitution by QSCCII and constitution by IGM. We analyzed the results of 64 subject who were judged as identical sasang constitution by repeated QSCC II. First, we compared the two results of constitutions by IGM hat peformed by one O.M.D(Oriental Medicine Doctor) at an interval of one year. Second, we examined hypothesis established by one O.M.D, that is about relation of constitutions by IGM and QSCCII, such as I type-Taeeumin, II type-Soyangin and III type-Soeumin in constitutions. There were no statistical significances in reproducibility of constitution by IGM. Although there was a tendency of relevance of sasang constitution by QSCC II with constitution by IGM, there was no statistical significance. Hypothesis that is established by clinical experiences must be verified by an effective statistical method. And there is a necessity to complement the method including mechanical measurements about constitution classification which are performed by a diagnosis relying on individual intuition.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.60-77
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• 2007

1. Objectives This is the comparative study with hand-operated measurement method and Automatic measurement method, in order to convert the automatic measurement method. 2. Methods We measured the body of patients(hand-operated Width 5 Places and hand-operated circumference 8 place,Automatic Width 5 and automatic circumference 8 place by 3D body measuring instrument) and analyzed the anthropometric data divding into sex&age. 362 patient's data are used in the analysis. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) 1th circumference variable which standing was not a sasang constitutional difference. 2) Diagnostic accuracy rate of the body measurement was 50-80%. 3) Diagnostic accuracy rate of man is higher than Diagnostic accuracy rate of women 4) Diagnostic accuracy rate of Automatic & hand-operated measuring was not a big difference.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1210-1217
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• 2008

Sasang medicine is our country's unique traditional medicine based on the classification of individual physical constitution. In the Sasang medicine, what is considered the most important task is to categorize Sasang constitution exactly. Therefore, security of objective elements and diagnosis index is a problem awaiting solution in Sasang constitution classification. To this the paper abstracted result value from objectification, visualization, a fixed quantity of Sasang constitution to analyze face image signals and voice signals. And, comparing the differences constitution would like to develop system classification of Sasang constitution. Specially, image and voice signals are different because of gender, age, region so it composed Sasang constitution group to 40-50 years women in Seoul. To extract of these image and voice signals wanted to perform comparison, analysis in constitution. Finally, it would like to prove a significance of research result through experiment.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine validity to Soeum scales by QSCC II. For this study, the objects are 336 patients who were made a diagnosis of Soeumin and 422 patients of other constitutions in Oriental Medicine & Western Medicine Cooperative Health Examination Center KyungHee University Medical Center. A systematic analysis has been made and the results are as follows. 1. We made a frequency analysis in 758 examinees' questions and concluded that 35 questions, among which 30 questions were existing and 5 were new, had statistical significance in making a diagnosis of Soeumin by more than 10% in comparison with answer frequency of other constitutions. 2. Because confidence coefficient of 0.8011 revised Soeum scales(35) rises up as compared with that of 0.6319 existing Soeum scales(51), I think revised Soeum scales reflect trait of Soeumin well and it is liable to shorten question time by controling questions. 3. Soeumin's discrimination probability in Soeumin was 55.4% by QSCCII, but that rises up to 64.3% by discriminant function made by revised Soeum scales. So there is statistical significance in discriminant function. 4. When questions in QSCCII are divided into body-spirit(體形氣像), looks-attitude(容貌詞氣), temper- talent(性質才幹), continuous mind(恒心), avarice(心慾), physiological symptoms(生理的 證) and pathological symptoms(病理的 證), response frequency and constitution discrimination probability falls in questions about avarice and pathological symptoms.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out whether or not there are differences of effects when we count breaths on inspiration or expiration, and how differently the effects show up according to gender or Sasang Constitution Methods A group of 79 participants were enrolled and diagnosed Sasang Constitution by Sasang Constitution Diagnosis System of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Physical responses to respiratory changes were measured by Biofeedback sensors that were attached to the participants while they were seated comfortably on a sofa and breathing normally without counting for 5 minutes, counting on inspiration for 5 minutes, and counting on expiration for 5 minutes. Results and Conclusions 1. Mean heart rate and respiration rate decreased in association with breathing counting on inspiration and expiration more than breathing normally without counting. Especially respiration rate was stabilized during counting on inspiration and mean heart rate was stabilized during counting on expiration. 2. Interaction between breathing methods and gender did not appear. In comparison between gender, LF/HF ratio was higher in male during breathing normally without counting and counting on inspiration. Body temperature was higher in male during counting on inspiration and expiration. 3. Interaction between breathing methods and Sasang Constitution did not appear. In comparison between Sasang Constitution, mean heart rate was higher in Soyang-in, Soeum-in than Taeeum-in and abdominal amplitude was lower in Taeeum-in than Soeum-in.