• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of insidious onset that causes gradual loss of memory and cognitive function, and it is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. AD is characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, together with loss of neuronal cells. The major neuropathological hallmark of AD is the accumulation of extracellular neurotoxic ${\beta}-amyloid$ ($A{\beta}$) peptides, such as $A{\beta}1-42$, in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sargachromenol (SCM), sargaquinoic acid (SQA) and sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) isolated from Sargassum serratifoilum ethanol extract (SSE) on $A{\beta}$ production in vitro using APP751-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-751). CHO-751 cells were treated with various concentrations of SSE, SCM, SQA and SHQA, and the level of extracellular $A{\beta}1-42$ was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SSE and SHQA reduced the production of $A{\beta}1-42$ in CHO-751 cells. Therefore, SHQA isolated from S. serratifolium has potential as an inhibitor of neurotoxic $A{\beta}$ peptide production.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.16.1-16.7
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• 2018

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are linked with several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Brown seaweeds are being extensively studied for their bioactive molecule content against cancer progression. In this context, Sargassum horneri was reported to possess various bioactivities including antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to its phenolic compound content. Methods: In this study, potential of S. horneri was evaluated through anti-MMP effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. S. horneri crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, namely, water ($H_2O$), n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH), and n-hexane. The non-toxicity of fraction samples (Sargassum horneri solvent-partitioned extracts (SHEs)) was confirmed by cell-viability assay. SHEs were tested for their ability to inhibit MMP enzymatic activity through gelatin digestion evaluation and cell migration assay. Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription and Western blotting. Results: All fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to gelatin zymography. Except $H_2O$ fraction, fractions hindered the cell migration significantly. All tested fractions suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Conclusion: Overall, current results suggested that S. horneri has potential to be a good source for anti-MMP agents, and further investigations are underway for better understanding of the action mechanism and isolation and elucidation of the bioactive molecules.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2009

We examined ethanol extracts prepared from the Korean marine algae belonging to the Sargassaceae family for their inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity and free radicals in vitro. Among five marine algae, the extracts of Sargassum yezoense were found to possess strongly ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition and free radicals scavenging activities. Two compounds were isolated via bioactivity guided isolation and tested for their effects on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, DPPH, $ABTS^{+}$ and $Photochem^{(R)}$ analysis. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and direct comparison with authentic compounds; their structures were identified as sargaquinoic acid (1) and sargahydroquinoic acid (2). The inhibitory effects of compound 1 and 2 ($IC_{50}$ value:14.2 and 12.8 ${\mu}M$, respectively) on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were more potent that of deoxynojirimycin as a positive control ($IC_{50}$ value:18.0 ${\mu}M$). All compounds displayed antioxidative activity which was measured by DPPH, $ABTS^{+}$ and $Photochem^{(R)}$ apparatus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.306-310
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• 2014

The brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme is an edible and highly valued in Korea. During the summer season, phytal organisms graze heavily on young algal blades and holdfastsof the species and substantially reduce harvestable biomass. Here, in this study, we investigated the effects of pH (range: 2~13) and salinity (range: 0~44 psu) on the removal of two major phytal animals, Caprella scaura and Gammaropsis utinomi, associated with S. fusiforme. We also examined the optimum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of algae in the same experimental conditions to quantify the tolerance of algae to acid and salinity treatments. It was observed that the phytal animals showed more than 80% mortality at pH lower that pH 4 and the extreams of salinity (0~10 psu and 44 psu) after a 5 min of immersion. However, the quantum yield of S. fusiforme was not significantly different from controls within the pH 3~11 range, and the 0~44 psu salinity range. Precisely, if the pH and salinity conditions outside these ranges were used in comercial Sargassum culture, the removal of the animal species would be higher, but with reduced quantum yield of algae. Taken together, our study results indicated that the pH and salinity treatments could allow multiple harvests from the same holdfast of S. fusiforme.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

The seasonal variation of marine algal biomass and community were studied with nondestructive sampling and quadrat method during May 2006 to April 2008 in the intertidal and subtidal zone at Yokjido. As result, total 120 species, 13 Chlorophyta, 34 Phaeophyta, 71 Rhodophyta and 2 Spermatophyta were identified in this study. The major species which contributed significantly to the total biomass were Ulva pertusa, Undaria pinnatifida, Ecklonia stolonifera, Sargassum horneri, S. serratifolium, Gelidium amansii and Prionitis cornea. The mean biomass was 235.5 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in intertidal, 1,038.9 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in 1 m, 1,013.1 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in 5 m, and 19.7 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in 10 m depths of mean sea level. Seasonal biomass change in intertidal zone, the peak season was in spring, while the lowest was in autumn. The vertical distribution of marine vegetation was characterized by Ulva pertusa - Gelidium divaricatum - Gloiopeltis furcata - Sargassum thunbergii - Hizikia fusiformis at intertidal zone, and Caulerpa okamurae - Gelidium amansii - Chondrus ocellatus - Ecklonia stolonifera - Sargassum horneri - Gracilaria textorii at subtidal zone. These result indicates that the marine algal species and biomass of 1 m and 5 m depths in subtidal zone are greater than intertidal zone, and Ecklonia stolonifera and Sargassum spp. are the dominant species of Yokjido.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.732-739
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• 2011

Marine algal flora and community structure were examined at four sites at Tongyeong, Korea, from February to December 2009. Eighty-two algal species were identified, including 10 green, 25 brown, and 47 red algae. During the study period, the number of species was highest at the Dukpo (61 species) site followed by the Gajodo (60 species), Yepo (58 species), and Chilchundo (53 species) sites. Seaweed biomass ranged from 578.11 to 678.26 g, with the maximum and minimum at Chilchundo and Yepo, respectively. Dominant species in term of biomass were Sargassum thunbergii at Yepo, Dukpo, and Gajodo and Gelidium amansii at Chilchundo. The vertical distribution from the high to low intertidal zone was Sargassum thunbergii and Chondria crassicaulis; Sargassum thunbergii and Ulva linza; Ulva pertusa, Sargassum fulvellum, and Gelidium amansii. Two groups clearly segregated in a cluster analysis, a Yepo/Dukpo group (group A) and a Gajodo/Chilchundo (B), indicating relatively strong differences in similarity. The seaweed community structure of group A was characterized by higher biomass and higher species richness of brown algae than were observed in group B. Additionally, the biomass ratio and the species richness of green algae was lower in group A. These differences in seaweed community structure may have been resulted from the effects of cold effluents.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.399-403
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• 1999

Biosorption of Pb and Cr to Sargassum sagamianum was evaluated in the various conditions. An adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 15 min. for Pb and Cr. The uptake capacity was 224.5 mg Pb/g biomass and 77.5 mg Cr/g biomass, respectively. The adsorption parameters for Pb and Cr were determined according to Langmuir and Freundlich model. Biosorption of Pb and Cr was increased with an increase in pH value. Pb and Cr adsorbed by S. sagamianum could be recovered by desorption process with 0.1M HCl, 0.1M $HNO_3$ and 0.1M EDTA and the efficiency of Pb desorption was above $90\%$, whereas the efficiency of Cr desorption was below $51\%$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2019

The common hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the presence of chronic neuroinflammation, which contributes to the loss of neuronal structure and function. This study investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract of Sargassum serratifolium (SSE) in a lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced murine neuroinflammation model. Mice were administered SSE (100 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle for 5 days by oral gavage, and then treated with LPS or saline by intraperitoneal injection. Thereafter, the brain tissues were collected, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. There was a marked increase in the spleen weight index in the LPS-treated groups, which indicated the induction of acute systemic inflammation. Based on significant increases in the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 expression, the induction of neuroinflammation was also evident in the cortex and hippocampus of the LPS-treated groups. The overall expression of IL-1 and IL-6 was decreased slightly by SSE administration, compared with the LPS group, and a marked change in IL-1 was observed in the cortex of the SSE-treated (SSE/LPS) group. These results suggest that SSE has potential as an anti-neuroinflammatory nutraceutical.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.909-917
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate dietary supplementation of Sargassum horneri (SH) meal on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp. The diets were added with graded levels of SH meal by 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% (designated as Con, SH0.5, SH1, SH2, SH4 and SH8, respectively). Quadruplicate groups of shrimp were hand-fed with one of the diets five times daily for 39 days. The innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of shrimp were significantly improved by the dietary SH supplementation. The cumulative survival of shrimp exposed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a challenge was higher in shrimp group fed SH diets, except for SH8, than that of shrimp fed the control diet. Growth performance and feed utilization of the shrimp were significantly decreased with the dietary SH inclusions except for 0.5%. Results indicated that dietary SH meal could be used as a functional supplement for improvements in innate immunity, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance in Pacific white shrimp. The suggested dietary inclusion level of dried SH is approximately 0.5% for the shrimp.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.867-874
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• 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease due to wear caused by the continuous use of cartilage. Although many drugs for treating OA are being studied, they have side effects, such as digestive disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Glucosamine, a drug derived from natural products, is known to be less effective. Therefore, the marine organism, Sargassum fulvellum, was studied to determine whether it contains substances with a chondroprotective effect on the inflammatory response of chondrocytes induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). A 30% ethanol extract of S. fulvellum (SF30%EtOH) has therapeutic and few side effects. We first confirmed the presence of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed during inflammatory reactions. We then examined the expression of collagen type II, which is the main component of the extracellular matrix and cartilage. Finally, the expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, MMPs and ADAMTS-4 and -5, was confirmed. The results showed that SF30%EtOH reduced the expression levels of NO, iNOS, MMPs, and ADAMT-4 and -5, and increased the expression level of collagen type II in chondrocytes induced with IL-1β. Therefore, SF30%EtOH has a chondroprotective effect against inflammation, indicating its potential use for the prevention and treatment of OA.