• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회 제6권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

Waste foundry sand of industrial waste which is happening by vast quantity according to fast development of industry has much the occurrence amount and processing method is depended on reclamation, and is using by fine aggregate for construction by recycling method among others. In this research Waste foundry sand powder into cement replace fare use possibility availability judge wish to Slump and air content decreased the replacement ratio increases by concrete special quality that do not harden according to experiment result, and unit capacity mass and bleeding increased the replacement ratio increases. Hardening concrete intensity special quality displayed strength improvement to replacement ratio 20%, and tendency that watertightness increases most in replacement ratio loft in watertight property appear. Considering the strength and watertight properties, the adequate usage of waste foundry sand powder is the 10% of replacement ratio.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1192-1201
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• 2009

The ground work with of the research is constructed by a SCP method to improve clay ground in the sedimentary layer and sand ground in the reclamation layer at the same time as a reclaimed soft ground by reclaiming deep depth. Improved fine-grained soils in the sand ground decrease the ground improvement effect and have an influence on replacement ratio of SCP method. Fine-Grained soils which advances in sand ground reduces a from improvement effect, Makes affect in replacement ratio of SCP method. In this study, consideration about replacement ratio of sand ground, Tried to observe affects in replacement ratio of fine-grained soils SCP method of dredging reclamation ground. The result, replacement ratio which follows in the Japan Geotechnical Society experience-chart(1988) recording where fine-grained soils content will increase feebly, was visible the aspect which increases progressively, replacement ratio in compliance with Gibbs and Holts(1973) methods according to fine-grained soils increase is visible the tendency which decreases gradually with the enemy. Specially, according to case fine-grained content of Mizuno(1987) methods increases, replacement ratio suddenly was showing the trend which rises from of 50% and according to fine-grained soils increase was overestimated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2018

Sand Compaction Piles (SCPs) are constructed by feeding and compacting sand into soft clay ground. Sand piles have been installed with irregular cross-sectional shapes, and mixtures of both sand and clay, which violate the design requirement of circular shape according to the replacement area ratio due to various factors, including side flow pressure. Therefore, design assumptions cannot be satisfied according to the conditions of the ground and construction and the replacement area ratio. Two case histories were collected, examined, and interpreted in order to study the effect of the shape of SCPs. The effects of the distortion of SCP shape and the mixture of sand and clay were studied with the results of large direct shear tests. The design internal friction angle was secured with the irregular cross-sectional sand piles regardless of the replacement area ratio. The design internal friction angle was secured regardless of mixed condition when the mixture of sand and clay was higher than the replacement area ratio of 65%. Therefore, systematic construction management is recommended with a replacement area ratio below 65%.

• 기술발표회
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• 통권2006호
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• pp.235-247
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• 2006

A ground treatment work for Hongkong container terminal yard is reported as a case study of site formation work with full dredging and replacement method. Ground treatment work adopting surcharge and deep compaction (vibroflotation) were applied to improve the sand creep potential. The sand creep parameter of 0 25% was assumed in design stage and improved up to 0.05% and 0.02% after surcharge and deep compaction respectively

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.443-452
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• 2005

The compaction pile methods with low replacement area ratio used sand(SCP) or gravel(GCP) has been usually applied to improvement of soft clay deposits. In order to design accurately compaction pile method with low replacement area ratio, it is important to understand the mechanical interaction between sand piles and clays and its mechanism during consolidation process of the composition ground. In this paper, a series of numerical analyses on composition ground improved by SCP and GCP with low replacement area ratio were carried out, in order to investigate the mechanical interaction between sand piles and clays. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which and elasto-viscoplastic consolidation finite element method was applied, could be confirmed comparing with results of a series of model tests on consolidation behaviors of composition ground improved by SCP. And,through the results of the numerical analyses, each mechanical behaviors of compaction piles and clays in the composition ground during consolidation was elucidated, together with stress sharing mechanism between compaction piles and clays.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

모래 치환법은 현장에서 다짐된 흙의 밀도를 구하기 위하여 사용되는 보편적인 방법으로 검증용 용기와 현장 시험 구멍의 크기 또는 체적이 서로 비슷하여 모래가 쌓이는 과정이 비슷하다는 가정에 기초하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모래 치환법에서 모래가 현장 시험 구멍에 채워지는 과정을 실내에서 재현하여 모래가 쌓이는 과정이 계산되는 밀도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 다양한 모양을 가진 시험 구멍을 제작하여 시험 구멍의 체적을 모래 치환법으로 구하였으며, 모래 종류에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위하여 입자 크기가 다른 세 종류의 모래를 사용하여 모래 치환법을 실시하였다. 실제 밀도와 모래 치환법을 이용하여 계산된 밀도 사이의 오차는 사용한 모래의 종류에 따라 상당한 차이를 나타내었다. 하지만 시험 구멍의 바닥 형태나 사용한 모래의 종류에 관계없이 시험 구멍의 깊이가 깊어질수록 계산되는 밀도의 오차는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 모래 치환법에 의한 흙의 밀도 시험 방법을 재평가하고 개정할 수 있는 기초 자료를 마련하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.197-202
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• 2004

In order to design accurately sand compaction pile (SCP) method with low replacement area ratio, it is important to understand the mechanical interaction between sand piles and clays and its mechanism during consolidation process of the composition ground. In this paper, a series of numerical analyses on composition ground improved by SCP with low replacement area ratio were carried out, in order to investigate the mechanical interaction between sand piles and clays. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which an elasto-viscoplastic consolidation finite element method was applied, could be confirmed comparing with results of a series of model tests on consolidation behaviors of composition ground improved by SCP. And, through the results of the numerical analyses, each mechanical behaviors of sand piles and clays in the composition ground during consolidation was elucidated, together with stress sharing mechanism between sand piles and clays.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

현재 국내에서는 항만공사 등에서 안전측으로 70% 이상의 고치환율의 모래다짐말뚝(SCP)공법으로 설계 및 시공이 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 모래자원의 부족현상으로 인한 모래자원의 경제성을 극복하기 위하여 저치환율 모래다짐말뚝공법으로 대체가 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 모래다짐말뚝공법은 연약한 점성토 지반이나 사질토 지반을 개량하기 위하여 사용되고 있다. 점성토 지반의 SCP 설계 시에 가장 중요한 과제의 하나는 치환율에 따른 모래와 점토의 응력분담비를 결정하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 모래다짐말뚝과 점성토로 이루어진 복합지반에서 치환율에 따라 응력분담비, 침하량을 파악하기 위하여 유한요소해석 프로그램을 사용하여 2차원 수치해석을 실시하였다. 해석결과, 치환율이 30%일때 응력분담비가 가장 크게 나타났고 침하량에 따른 응력분담비는 치환율이 높을수록 낮은 응력분담비를 보였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2003

실트질 점토로 이루어진 연약지반의 호안 제방축조는 성토 제방하중에 의한 연약지반내 강제치환 공법으로 이루어지고 있으며, 축조 제방하부 강제치환 깊이는 호안 제방의 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 기존의 제방하부 강제치환 깊이 산정방법은 하부 연약점토지반의 비배수 전단강도 증분율을 고려한 제방하부 연약지반의 지지력과 성토제방 하중에 의해 산정하고 있다. 그러나 지반 층후 특성에 따라 중간층 형태의 점토질 실트층 또는 모래층이 있는 경우가 있으며, 이러한 점토질 실트층 또는 모래층은 제방하부 연약지반의 지지력에 영향을 미치게 되어 강제치환 깊이에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 중간 모래층이 있는 연약지반내 제방 축조시 강제치환 깊이를 Perloff et al.(1967) 영향계수를 고려한 성토제방 하중과 층두께 가중평균 지지력(Bowles, 1988)에 의해 산정하였으며, 수치해석(FLAC)적 방법에 의한 산정결과와 비교 분석하였다. 해석결과 제방하부 접지폭이 $0.2B_o$(중간 모래층), $0.5B_o$(단일층)인 경우 산정된 강제치환 깊이는 수치해석과 매우 근접하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 제방 하부 접지폭의 영향보다 비배수 전단강도 및 중간 모래층 두께, 중간 모래층 위치의 영향이 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 중간 모래층 두께가 작을수록 강제치환 깊이는 증가하며, 중간 모래층 위치가 증가 할수록 강제치환 깊이는 증가하고, 비배수 전단강도가 감소할수록 강제치환 깊이가 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권A호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2005

In this research, centrifuge model experiments and numerical approach of finite element method to analyze experimental results were performed to investigate the behavior of improved ground with sand compaction piles. One of typical clay minerals, kaolinite powder, were prepared for soft ground in model tests. Jumunjin standard sand was used to sand compaction pile installed in the soft soil. In order to investigate the characteristics of mechanical behavior of sand compaction piles with low replacement ratios, centrifuge model experiments with the replacement ratio of 40%, changing the width of improved area with respect to testing results the width of surcharge loads, were carried out to obtain of bearing capacity, characteristics of load-settlement, vertical stresses acting on the sand pile and the soft soil failure mechanism in improved ground.