• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1603-1615
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• 2018

In order to achieve the low complexity and area, power in the design of Optical Image Stabilization (OIS) suitable for the smart phone, this paper presents the following design explorations, such as; optimization of gyroscope sampling rate, simple and accurate gyroscope filters, and reduced operating frequency of motion compensation, optimized bit width in ADC and DAC, evaluation of noise effects due to PWM driving. In experiments of gyroscope sampling frequencies, it is found that error values are unvaried in the frequency above 5KHz. The gyroscope filter is efficiently designed by combining the Fuzzy algorithm, to illustrate the reasonable compensation for the angle and phase errors. Further, in the PWM design, the power consumption of 2MHz driving is shown to decrease up to 50% with respect to the linear driving, and the imaging noises are reduced in the driving frequency above 2MHz driving frequency. The operating frequency could be reduced to 5KHz in controller and 10KHz in driver, respectively, in the motion compensation. For ADC and DAC, the optimized exploration experiments verify the minimum bit width of 11bits in ADC as well as 10bits in DAC without the performance degradation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.427-438
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• 2021

Two-stage sampling allows us to estimate population characteristics by both unit and cluster level together. Given a complex auxiliary information, integrated calibration weighting would better reflect the level-wise characteristics as well as multivariate characteristics between levels. This paper explored the integrated calibration weighting methods by Estevao and Särndal (2006) and Kim (2019) through a simulation study, where the efficiency of those weighting methods was compared using an artificial population data. Two weighting methods among others are shown efficient: single step calibration at the unit level with stacked individualized auxiliary information and iterative integrated calibration at each level. Under both methods, cluster calibrated weights are defined as the average of the calibrated weights of the unit(s) within cluster. Both were very good in terms of the goodness-of-fit of estimating the population totals of mutual auxiliary information between clusters and units, and showed small relative bias and relative mean square root errors for estimating the population totals of survey variables that are not included in calibration adjustments.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This study focused on verifying the identification of freshwater fish species in Korea using Environmental DNA (eDNA) technique. The research of DNA is increasing in the field of ecology, since this is more sensitive of identify rather than traditional investigation method. Which is difficult to detect species hidden in water and be easily influenced by diverse factors (sites, bad weather, researchers and so on). We applied the pilot test in aquarium (Freshwater Fish Ecological Learning Center in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Do), where freshwater fish species are inhabits. We conducted to sampling and analyzing the sixteen water samples (50 species from 7 orders and 13 families) using MiFish primer set. The results showed that 45 species (90%) was investigated by eDNA. It highlight that eDNA with universal primer is possible to detect freshwater fish species of Korean. However, the errors on species identification seems to be caused by the primer that be not suited perfectly and the pollution such as aquarium, sampling collectors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.9-19
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• 2015

Internal air temperature of greenhouse is an important variable that can be influenced by the complex interaction between outside weather and greenhouse inside climate. This paper focuses on a data-based model approach to predict internal air temperature of the greenhouse. External air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and wind direction were measured next to an experimental greenhouse supported by the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute and used as input variables for the model. Internal air temperature was measured at the center of three sections of the greenhouse and used as an output variable. The proposed model consisted of a transfer function including the four input variables and tested the prediction accuracy according to the sampling interval of the input variables, the orders of model polynomials and the time delay variable. As a result, a second-order model was suitable to predict the internal air temperature having the predictable time of 20-30 minutes and average errors of less than ${\pm}1K$. Afterwards mechanistic interpretation was conducted based on the energy balance equation, and it was found that the resulting model was considered physically acceptable and satisfied the physical reality of the heat transfer phenomena in a greenhouse. The proposed data-based model approach is applicable to any input variables and is expected to be useful for predicting complex greenhouse microclimate involving environmental control systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4587-4592
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• 2012

Purpose: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) neuroblastoma (NB) and other peripheral nerve cell tumors (PNCT) outcome data. This study found under usage of radiotherapy in these patients. Materials and methods: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for NB and other PNCT. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a generalized linear model to predict the outcome (soft tissue specific death, yes/no). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate the modeling errors. Risk of neuroendocrine (other endocrine including thymus as coded in SEER) death was computed for the predictors. Results: There were 5261 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 were included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 83.8 (97.6) months. The mean (SD) age was 18 (25) years. About 30.45% of patients were un-staged. The SEER staging has high ROC (SD) area of 0.58 (0.01) among the factors tested. We simplified the 4-layered risk levels (local, regional, distant, un-staged/others) to a simpler 3-tiered model with comparable ROC area of 0.59 (0.01). Less than 50% of PNCT patients received radiotherapy (RT) including the ones with localized disease. This avoidance of RT use occurred in adults and children. Conclusion: The high under-staging rate may have precented patients from selecting definitive radiotherapy (RT) after surgery. Using RT for, especially, adult PNCT patients is a potential way to improve outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 1980

This paper describes realization of digital filter using $\mu$p controler and discusses measured characteristics of this filter, The idea of P. L. implementation[1] is used in realization, and in this system we utilize a DMA and arithmatic control program of $\mu$p. In this way, we can get more flexible capability than the basic PL method, and higher speed than a filter using general purpose $\mu$p in hardware, Furthermore, we get a 15 KHz sampling frequency(fs) as speed limit in real time processing, and know that this limitation is restricted by execution time (58$\mu$ sec) of DMA control statement. As for filter charateristics, maximum stop band frequencies (fsp) are 1665 Hz, 1445 Hz in Butterworth and Tchebichef approximation, respectively, when fs = 14 KHz. Measured errors between the design specification and the actual result are 0.2dB, 0.1 dB in pass band (when cufoff frequency is 500Hz),-1.1dB (when fsp is 1000Hz), 0.4dB(when fsp is 750 Hz) in stop band frequency of Butterworth and Tchebichef, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1443-1452
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• 2016

In this paper, we study a sample design for survey on goodwill in retail properties to provide a protecting policy for small traders and tenants, to use basic data for a dispute case related to goodwill. Since goodwill in retail properties is occurred by individual rent company, we use the census on establishments from the Statistics Korea as population. First of all, we consider preferentially seven metropolitan cities in which there are more than half of population. Total sample size is decided as 8,000. We allocate the sample size for markets as stratum in each city using proportional formula and the sample size for industrial classifications in each market using root proportional formula. Also we compute survey weights and calculate estimators, standard errors and interval of estimators for each characteristic such as type of establishments and market in seven metropolitan cities.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.403-406
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• 2005

In order to evaluate the Capability of ETM+ remotely- sensed data to provide 'Forest-shrub land-Rangeland' cover type map in areas near the timberline of northern forests of Iran, the data were analyzed in a portion of nearly 790 ha located in Neka-Zalemroud region. First, ortho-rectification process was used to correct the geometric errors of the image, yielding 0/68 and 0/69 pixels of RMS. error in X and Y axis, respectively. The original and panchromatic bands were fused using PANSHARP Statistical module. The ground truth map was made using 1 ha field plots in a systematic-random sampling grid, and vegetative form of trees, shrubs and rangelands was recorded as a criteria to name the plots. A set of channels including original bands, NDVI and IR/R indices and first components of PCI from visible and infrared bands, was used for classification procedure. Pair-wise divergence through CHNSEL command was used, In order to evaluate the separability of classes and selection of optimal channels. Classification was performed using ML classifier, on both original and fused data sets. Showing the best results of $67\%$ of overall accuracy, and 0/43 of Kappa coefficient in original data set. Due to the results represented above, it's concluded that ETM+ data has an intermediate capability to fulfill the spectral variations of three form- based classes over the study area.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

Satellite cameras are calibrated before launch in detail and in general, but it cannot be guaranteed that the geometry is not changing during launch and caused by thermal influence of the sun in the orbit. Modem satellite imaging systems are based on CCD-line sensors. Because of the required high sampling rate the length of used CCD-lines is limited. For reaching a sufficient swath width, some CCD-lines are combined to a longer virtual CCD-line. The images generated by the individual CCD-lines do overlap slightly and so they can be shifted in x- and y-direction in relation to a chosen reference image just based on tie points. For the alignment and difference in scale, control points are required. The resulting virtual image has only negligible errors in areas with very large difference in height caused by the difference in the location of the projection centers. Color images can be related to the joint panchromatic scenes just based on tie points. Pan-sharpened images may show only small color shifts in very mountainous areas and for moving objects. The direct sensor orientation has to be calibrated based on control points. Discrepancies in horizontal shift can only be separated from attitude discrepancies with a good three-dimensional control point distribution. For such a calibration a program based on geometric reconstruction of the sensor orientation is required. The approximations by 3D-affine transformation or direct linear transformation (DL n cannot be used. These methods do have also disadvantages for standard sensor orientation. The image orientation by geometric reconstruction can be improved by self calibration with additional parameters for the analysis and compensation of remaining systematic effects for example caused by a not linear CCD-line. The determined sensor geometry can be used for the generation? of rational polynomial coefficients, describing the sensor geometry by relations of polynomials of the ground coordinates X, Y and Z.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1619-1619
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• 2001

Ourwork aims to assess the content of dry matter, protein, cell wall parameters and water soluble carbohydrates in forages without having to handle samples, transport them to a laboratory, dry, grind and chemically analyze them. for this purpose, the concept of fresh forage analysis under field conditions by means of compact integrated NIRS InGaAs-diode array instruments on small plot harvesters is being evaluated for plant breeding trials. This work was performed with the world first commercial experimental forage plot harvester equipped with a NIRS module for the collection, compression, and scanning of forage samples (including automatic referencing and dark current measure ments). It was used for harvesting and analyzing a number of typical forage grass and forage legume plot trials. After NIRS measurements in the field each sample was again analyzed in the laboratory by means of a conventional grating spectrometer equipped with Si-and PbS-detectors. Conventional laboratory analysis of the samples was restricted to dry matter (DM) content by means of oven drying at 105. Routine chemometric procedures were then employed to assess the comparative accuracy and precision of the DM assessments in the spectral range between 950 and 1650nm by the NIRS diode array as well as by the conventional NIRS scanning instrument. The results of this study confirmed that the type of NIRS diode array instrument employed here functioned well even in rugged field operations. further refinements proved to be necessary for optimizing the automatic filling of the sample compartment to adjust for the wide variation in forage material under conditions of extremely low or high harvest yields. The error achieved in calibrating the apparatus for forages of typical DM content proved to be satisfactory (SECV < 1.0). Possibly as a consequence of higher sampling errors, its performance in atypical forages with elevated DM contents was less satisfactory. The error level obtained on the conventional grating NIR spectrometer was similar to that of the diode array instrument for both types of forage.