• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.4 s.105
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• pp.313-324
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of relapse in orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing patients. A total of 55 patients were studied and all subjects were divided into two groups according to their stability in the post-treatment stage. Of the sample, 33 patients were included in the stable group and the remaining 22 were assigned to the relapse group. Cephalometric data of the pre-treatment stage was taken and compared between the stable and relapse group. The following results were obtained through t-test: 1. This study presented statistical evidence to show that the major skeletal determinant of prognosis in Class III orthodontic treatment was not anteroposterior discrepancy .but vertical discrepancy, especially within the AB-maxillo mandibular triangle. Vertical angular measurements that showed statistically significant differences were AB-MP and ODI(P<0.01) and the vortical ratio measurements were MP-P/AL and PP-P/AL(P<0.05). 2. Relapse tendency increased with the steep occlusal Plane, especially the steep lower occlusal plane. As to occlusal plane, there were statistically significant differences in OP(L)-PP, OP-PP, AB-OP(L) and Wits appraisal(P<0.05). This study claimed that anteroposterior discrepancy was not necessarily the proper criteria to predict relapse. Vertical discrepancy had a significant effect on post-treatment stability.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of post-harvest CO₂ treatment on the quality of the 'Gonji-7ho' oyster mushroom. The harvested mushrooms were pre-cooled at 3℃ for 1 day and placed in a gas-tight chamber with 0%, 30%, or 50% of CO₂ concentration for 3 hours at 3℃. Next, 400 g of the oyster mushroom sample was packaged into 20-㎛ thick oriented polypropylene (OPP) film bags and stored at 4℃ for 21 days. Treatment with 30% of CO₂ treatment maintained the highest stipe firmness of the oyster mushrooms during storage. The stipe lightness (CIE L^⁎) was the highest at 14 and 21 days, while the stipe yellowness (CIE b^⁎) was the lowest at 2 and 7 days of storage. Therefore, we concluded that the 30% CO₂ treatment maintained the overall visual quality of the 'Gonji-7ho' oyster mushroom until 17 days of storage at 3℃. Our results suggest that the shelf life of 'Gonji-7ho' oyster mushroom could be extended by the postharvest application of 30% CO₂ for 3 hours during low temperature storage.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.153-157
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• 2014

Purpose: SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by various autoantibody. The detection of Anti double-stranded DNA (Anti-ds DNA) is important in the diagnostics of SLE, and include the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnostic criteria for SLE. Also SLE disease activity and correlativity with the level Anti-ds DNA antibody have been reported and Anti-ds DNA antibody quantitative test is very useful for tracing before and after SLE treatment. When These Anti-ds DNA antibody test (Farr assay: $^{125}I$ labeled ds-DNA and bound Anti-ds DNA antibodies complex in serum is precipitated by ammonium sulfate and used to centrifugation, measured it) inhaled supernatant after centrifugation, a lipemic specimen does not facilitate the formation of precipitate and also occurs situation was inhaled with precipitate. To solve these problems, The Influence of the degree of lipemic specimen was evaluated. Materials and Methods: September 2012 to February 2013, We selected lipemic samples (n=81) of specimen commissioned by Anti-ds DNA antibody test. Lipemic samples were done pre-treatment (high-speed centrifugation: 14,000 rpm 5 mins) used a micro-centrifuge (Eppendorf Model 5415D). At the same time lipemic specimen and pre-treatment samples were performed Anti-ds DNA antibody test (Anti-ds DNA kit, Trinity Biotech, Ireland). Statistical analysis were analyzed Pearson's correlation coefficients and regression and paired t-test, and Difference (%). Results: Experimental group 1 (Lipemic Specimen Anti-ds DNA Ab concentration ${\leq}7IU/mL$) at y=0.368X+4.732, $R^2=0.023$, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.154, paired t-test (P=0.003), Difference (%) mean 65.7 and showed a statistically significant difference. Experimental group 2 (Lipemic Specimen Anti-ds DNA Ab concentration ${\geq}8IU/mL$) at y=0.983X+0.298, $R^2=0.994$, Pearson's correlation coefficient showed 0.997, paired t-test (P=0.181), Difference (%) mean -5.53 made no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Lipemic sample of low Anti-ds DNA Ab concentration (2.5-7 IU/mL) and the result is obtained pre-treatment (high-speed centrifugation: 14,000 rpm 5 mins) were made a significant difference statistically. Anti-ds DNA is one of the primary auto-antibodies present in patients with SLE, and remain an important diagnostic test for SLE. Therefore, we recommend preprocessing (high-speed centrifugation: 14,000 rpm 5 mins) in order to exclude the influence of lipemic specimen.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was find out the therapeutic effects of its exclusive use on the rat with allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods : Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three group : normal group, control group and sample group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and sample group, rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with 0.1% ovalumin solution 3 times at intervals of 1 week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1% ovalumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rats in the sample group were administered by $Yonghyang$($LI_{20}$) subcutaneously to treat the inflammation. Results : 1. The anti-oxidant effects of $Hwangryunhaedok-tang$ extract was dose-dependantly increased. 2. The RAW 264.7 cells were treated with LPS for 1 hours prior to the addition of indicated concentrations ($0.4,-1.0mg/m{\ell}$) of HHT, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. The LPS-induced iNOS mRNA expression and NO production were dose-dependantly decreased in HHT treated RAW 264.7 cells. 3. The number of eosinophil in HP noticeably decreased than CON and this decrease had probability. The infiltration of eosinophil in HP noticeably decreased than CON. 4. The damaged mucosa as disruption of cilia in respiratory cell and vacant mucose secreting cell were increased CON, but HP same as normal configuration. Decrease of PAS positive cell were shown in CON, but goblet cell occupied with neutral mucous were shown in HP. Decrease of mucosal stress(HSP70). Decrease of perennial sign(PPAR-${\gamma}$). Decrease of icthing and sneezing intricate neurotransmitter-(substance P). 5. The anti-inflammation of HHT pharmacopuncture for AR caused mucosa comes to result as belows. Decrease of pre-inflammation cytokine(TNF-${\alpha}$). Decrease of transcription factor (NF-${\kappa}B$ p65). Decrease of transcription factor inhibitor(p-$I{\kappa}B$). Decrease of inflammation cytokine(iNOS). Conclusions : The results may suggest that administration treatment using $Hwangryunhaedok-tang$ pharmacopucnture decreases the inflammatory response on an animal model with allergic rhinitis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1557-1562
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• 1999

As a series of studies on the preservation methods for boiled-dried anchovies, determination of sorption properties and shelf-life prediction were made for the samples. Dried anchovies, which were gamma-irradiated at pre-established dose (5 kGy) after packaging in both a polyethylene film (PE, 0.1 mm) and a laminated film $(nylon\;15\;{\mu}m/polyethylene\;100\;{\mu}m,\;NY/PE)$, were subjected to a quality evaluation during 4 months at different storage conditions, such as $15^{\circ}C/68%\;RH,\;25{\circ}C/75%\;RH,\;and\;35^{\circ}C/84%$ RH. The sample showed 5.47% of BET monomolecular layer moisture content and the corresponding water activity, 0.15. The velocity constants of browning reaction and organoleptic changes in the sample were in proportion to storage temperature, and $Q_{10}$, values were ranged from 2.17 to 2.40 in a given packaging and irradiation conditions. In the shelf-life prediction of the stored sample at $25^{\circ}C$, non-irradiated groups packaged in PE and NY/PE were 84 days and 125 days. While 5 kGy-irradiated groups in the same packaging were 126 days and 138 days, respectively. This finding proved the efficacy of laminated-film packaging and irradiation treatment in preserving the quality of dried anchovies.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.790-802
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• 2017

Purpose. This study was designed to analyze recent trends in Children Art Therapy Program Intervention research in Korea and suggest future research directions in this area. Methods. Studies(29) selected from http://www.riss4u.net for last 15 year were used. They were analyzed by publication type, field and design of the study, study participants and outcome variables used in intervention studies. Results. 1. As for academic field, there are 15 art therapy academic journals(51.72%), which made up the largest proportion. 2. As for subjects of the study, there are 17 articles of Elementary (58.6%) education, which made up the largest proportion. As for the subjects of sex, 8 articles (27.59%) are for male students, 7 (24.14%) articles are for female students and 14 articles (48.28.%) are for both male and female students. 3. As for 7 articles of Art therapy(24.14%), 7 articles of Group Art therapy (24.14%) made up the largest proporton 4. As for the intervention study method according to the subjects of suicide intervention program, there are 15 articles of monoclonal Pre and post design (51.72%),which made up the largest proportion. 5. As for the sample size, there were 16.79 persons in the treatment group on average, 13.28 persons in the control group have average and the total persons were 10 on average. The treatment period was 12 weeks on average and the average number of treatment times was 18. The places of treatment were 3 schools (10.38%), which made up the largest proportion. 19. The results of the experimental study support the research hypothesis of all 29 programs. Conclusions. As the above, the studies on the art therapy intervention program for children are increasing but the subjects are overly weighted toward elementary school students. Although the content of the art therapy intervention program was varied, it was found that the development of the program using various art media which can induce the motivation of the child was lacking. In addition, the place of experimental mediation was concentrated on psychology center as 12(41.38%), indicating that there are not enough places to connect with community organizations such as schools and hospitals. The variables of experimental study were focused on psychological variables and it was found that there were insufficient application of various variables including coping method, social support, and physiological variables.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.660-669
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study is to find the acoustic characteristics of acupuncture therapy effects on post-stroke dysarthria. Methods : Acupuncture therapy was applied for four to six weeks by inserting needles into eight acupuncture points, CV23, CV24, bilateral 'Sheyu' and ipsilateral ST4, ST6 and contralateral LI4, ST36 on facial palsy side. All the speech samples were collected, pre-treatment and post-treatment, using Computerized Speech Lab. VOT and TD of each speech sample and vowel formant(F1&F2) were analyzed on spectrogram. Result : VOT and TD were decreased after treatment. F1 was decreased, and F2 was increased after treatment. Conclusions : This suggests that acupuncture therapy improves symptoms of post-stroke dysarthria by stimulating articulation organs such as tongue, lips, cheeks, larynx and pharynx.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the degree of coincidence between the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS) in the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes of Class I malocclusion cases. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 26 Class I patients. The PAR index was used for evaluation of pre-(T0) and posttreatment (T1) casts, and the ABO-OGS for assessment of T1 casts. If there was a reduction in PAR scores from T0 to T1 of more than 30%, the label 'PAR+' was given to the case, and if not, it was labeled 'PAR-'. If the ABO-OGS was less than 27, the label 'OGS+' was given to the case and if not, it was labeled 'OGS-'. 'A PAR-only qualified group' (PAR+), 'ABO-OGS-only qualified group' (OGS+), 'both indices qualified group' (PAR+/OGS+), and 'both indices disqualified group' (PAR-/OGS-) were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, sensitivity/specifi city test and Spearman's correlation test. Result: PAR scores for T0, T1, and percentage reduction were 21.1, 6.4, and 65.9%, respectively, and 35.4 for ABOOGS. The distribution of the 'PAR+/OGS+', 'PAR+', and 'PAR-/OGS-' group was 19.3%, 76.9%, and 3.8%, respectively. The T0-PAR, T1-PAR and PAR point reductions for the 'PAR+' group were significantly higher than those of 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (23.1 vs. 15.6; 6.7 vs. 4.6; and 16.5 vs. 11.0; all P<0.05). However, the PAR-percentage reduction and treatment duration between the two groups were not statistically different (70.0% vs. 67.0%, P=0.4325; 24.1 months vs. 25.0 months, P=0.4057). The T1-ABO-OGS score for 'PAR+' group was significantly higher than that of the 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (38.2 vs. 24.0, P<0.001). Conclusion: Since the fraction of the 'PAR+/OGS+' group was less than 20% and there was no significant correlation between PAR-percentage reduction and T1-ABO-OGS, development of a new index system for the accurate evaluation of treatment outcome is needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 2013

This study examined whether pre-treating palm kernel expeller (PKE) with exogenous enzyme would degrade its fiber content; thus improving its metabolizable energy (ME), growth performance, villus height and digesta viscosity in broiler chickens fed diets containing PKE. Our results showed that enzyme treatment decreased (p<0.05) hemicellulose and cellulose contents of PKE by 26.26 and 32.62%, respectively; and improved true ME (TME) and its nitrogen corrected value ($TME_n$) by 38% and 33%, respectively, compared to the raw sample. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed on different dietary treatments in the grower period were not significantly different. Although there was no difference in feed intake (p>0.05) among treatment groups in the finisher period, ADG of chickens in the control (PKE-free diet) was higher (p<0.05) than in all treatment groups fed either 20 or 30% PKE, irrespective of with or without enzyme treatment. However, ADG of birds fed with 20% PKE was higher than those fed with 30% PKE. The FCR of chickens in the control was the lowest (2.20) but not significantly different from those fed 20% PKE diets while birds in the 30% PKE diets recorded higher (p>0.05) FCR. The intestinal villus height and crypt depth (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were not different (p>0.05) among treatments except for duodenal crypt depth. The villus height and crypt depth of birds in enzyme treated PKE diets were higher (p<0.05) than those in the raw PKE groups. Viscosity of the intestinal digesta was not different (p>0.05) among treatments. Results of this study suggest that exogenous enzyme is effective in hydrolyzing the fiber (hemicellulose and cellulose) component and improved the ME values of PKE, however, the above positive effects were not reflected in the growth performance in broiler chickens fed the enzyme treated PKE compared to those received raw PKE. The results suggest that PKE can be included up to 5% in the grower diet and 20% in the finisher diet without any significant negative effect on FCR in broiler chickens.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.546-553
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the antioxidant activity of the Sumaeyaksuk (Artemisia argyi) tea extracts from different pre-treatment and extraction methods. Sumaeyaksuk was sun-dried for 3.5 days (control, RC) and aged at a temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 days (HA), 7 days (HB), and 14 days (HC), respectively. Each sample was extracted in $60^{\circ}C$ and $95^{\circ}C$ hot water for 2 minutes. The soluble solids content of HA from the $60^{\circ}C$and $95^{\circ}C$ hot water extraction were $0.52{\pm}0.18%$ and $0.92{\pm}0.18%$, respectively. The soluble solids content was increased by the higher extraction temperature. The reducing sugar content of RC was $9.55{\pm}0.18mg/g$ in the $95^{\circ}C$ extraction, which was significantly higher than in the $60^{\circ}C$ extracted sample. However, the reducing sugar content did not show a remarkable difference based on aging periods. The total phenolic compound content of the $95^{\circ}C$ extracted samples was $3.36{\pm}0.13{\sim}9.88{\pm}0.23mg/g$, which was significantly higher than that of the $60^{\circ}C$ extracted sample. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the $60^{\circ}C$ extracted RA and HA samples were 35.63% and 95.10%, respectively. Moreover, the radical scavenging activity increased to 63.35% and 96.78%, respectively, in the $95^{\circ}C$ extracted samples. As a result of the high temperature, the extracted sample showed an increase in the FRAP. In the RC sample, the FRAP was two times higher in the $95^{\circ}C$ extracted sample ($181.28{\pm}2.90{\mu}M$) than in the $60^{\circ}C$ extracted sample ($83.88{\pm}0.43{\mu}M$).