• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.166-175
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• 2016

Objectives : This article examines whether 'Samni', which appears 62 times in Dongui-Bogam: Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine, means Joksamni(ST36) or Susamni(LI10). Methods : After searching the sentences which include 'Samni' in Dongui-Bogam using Medical Classics Database, we checked the original reference of them to find clues to identification of Samni. As for the statements not identified by the original reference nor by Dongui-Bogam, we judged the meaning of Samni by comparing diseases of the statements with those of Joksamni or Susamni's treatment area. Acupoints used together with Samni were also taken into account. Results : Out of 52 statements, Samni in 25 statements turned out to be Joksamni after tracing the reference; 6 statements mention stomach, and 4 statements treat Samni as an acupoint of stomach meridian; in 12 statements, diseases belong to Joksamni's treatment area. Samni of the remaining 5 statements also seem to be Joksamni since the diseases of the statements are similar to those of Joksamni. It implies that Joksamni's treatment area has expanded over time. Conclusions : All Samni in Dongui-Bogam is Joksamni.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-87
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the bee venom(BV) aqua-acupuncture on the neuronal activities of catecholaminergic(tyrosine hydroxylase : TH, dopamine ${\beta}$ hydroxylase : D${\beta}$H) system in the brainstem. After the BV aqua-acupuncture was applied on Chok-Samni(ST36) and the gluteal part(Blank locus) in rats. Also, the number of colocalization between catecholamine containing neurons and Fos immunoreactive neurons were analyzed by using the double immunohistochemical technique. The results of the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. In DR and LC, Chok-Samni group and the Blank locus group showed more significant increase in the number of colocalization between TH containing neurons and Fos immunoreactive neurons than the control group. Furthermore, Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the Blank locus group. Also, in Arc, Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the Blank locus group and the control group. 2. In LC, Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase in the number of colocalization between D${\beta}$H containing neurons and Fos immunoreactive neurons than the Blank locus group and the control group. Also, in A5, Chok-Samni group and the Blank locus group showed more significant increase than the control group. Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the Blank locus group. However, there was no significant change in A7. Consequently, the BV aqua-acupuncture increased more potent the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons and the activity of catecholaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the BV aqua-acupuncture was more effective on Chok-Samni than Blank locus group. These results indicate that the BV aqua-acupuncture is very effective therapy to control pain. The therapeutic effect of BV aqua-acupunture may associated with the endogenous modulatory system such as catecholamine. Those data from the study can be applied to establish the effective treatment of the BV for pain control in the clinical field.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2003

This study was examined for effects of acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) on the facial thermography in health subjects, The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 15 mins in room temperature (19-21 ℃) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day, The thermography of face was taken using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (D.I.T.I. : Dorex, DTI-16UT1, U.S.A.) by time interval of 35 minutes at 15 min before and 20 min after acupuncture stimulation. Thermal temperature of Yangbaek(GB14), Myon-koryo(ST3) and Chichang(ST4) was measured and compared, The results showed that acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) decreased the Absolute difference of temperature between Myon-koryo(ST3) and Chichang(ST4) (p<0,05, Data were represented mean±S,E.M.(n=33)), But, acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) particularly decreased the absolute difference of temperature between Yangbaek(GB14) and Chichang(ST4) and particularly decreased the absolute difference of temperature between Vangbaek(GB14) and Myon-koryo(ST3) (p<0,05, Data were represented mean±S,E.M.(n=33)). Also, it was observed that acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) decreased variety of the color tone of thermographic contour line and decreased thermal distribution. The results showed that acupuncture of Chok-5amni(ST36) significantly decreased the absolute difference of temperature of partial facial surface. Hereafter, study about if acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) significantly decrease the absolute difference of temperature of all the areas of facial surface is requested. Also, continued study of effects of acupuncture of other meridian on the facial thermography is requested.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-79
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• 1998

In order to study the immunohistochemical effects of herbal drug-acupuncture of Radix paeoniae lactiflorae on gastric ulcer induced by HCl-aspirin in rats. this experiment was done by herbal drug-acupuncture to Wisu($B_{21}$). Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$), Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci to measure histological features of ulcer lesion, the change of numbers of parietal cell, chief celI, gastrin and somatostatin-immunoreactive cell. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The ulcerative lesions of gastric mucosa were decreased to WiSU($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 2. In the numbers of parietal cell, the most remarkable decrease was observed to Wisu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 3. In the numbers of chief cell, the most remarkable increase was observed to Wisu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 4. In the numbers of gastrin-immunoreactive cell, the most remarkable decrease was observed to Wiu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 5. In the numbers of somatostatin-immunoreactive cell, the most remarkable decrease was observed to Wisu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-152
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effect of bee venom (BV) Acupuncture into different treatment points, Chok-samni (ST36) and blank loci of the gluteal muscle and back. We investigated the changes in formalin-induced pain behavior according to the pretreatment with different concentrations of BV, thirty minutes before the formalin injection. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The formalin-induced pain behavior was suppressed by pretreatment with BV into Chok-samni (ST36) in a dose dependent manner. During the early phase, 0.08mg/kg of BV showed a statistically significant suppression in the formalin-induced pain behavior. Moreover, 0.008mg/kg, 0.016mg/kg, and 0.08mg/kg of BV, except 0.0016mh/kg of BV, had significant suppresive effects on the formalin-induced pain behavior during the late phase. Therefore, these data indicated that the suppressive effect of BV acupuncture on the formalin-induced pain behavior was stronger in the late phase rather than the early phase 2. In order to investigate the analgesic effect of BV acupuncture into different treatment points, the experimental animals were divided into three groups: Chok-samni (ST36) group, gluteal group and back group. In the Chok-samni (ST36) group, the formalin-induced pain behavior during all the phases was significantly reduced as compared with that of the back group. However, as compared with that of the gluteal group, the formalin-induced pain behavior in the Chok-samni (ST36) group was decreased only in the late phase, not in the early phase. The formalin-induced pain behavior in the gluteal group was significantly reduced as compared with that of the back group in the late phase, not in the early phase. We suggested that the analgesic effect of BV acupuncture into Chok-samni (ST36) was most effective among Chok-samni (ST36), gluteal, and the back groups in formalin-induced pain behavior.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.119-138
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the bee venom(BV) aqua-acupuncture on the neuronal activities of serotonergic(5-HT) system in the brainstem. After the BV aqua-acupuncture was applied on Chok-Samni(ST36) and the gluteal part(Blank locus) in rats, the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons was counted by using computerized image analyzing system. Also, the number of colocalization between 5-HT containing neurons Fos immunoreactive neurons were analyzed by using the double immunohistochemical technique. The results of the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. In almost every neucli, the Chok-Samni group and Blank locus group showed more increase in the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons than the control group. Especially, in Arc, DR, LC, RMg, Gi, PAG Rost and PAG LV, the Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the control group. Also, in PAG LV Mid and Arc, Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the Blank locus group. 2. In DR and PAG LV Mid, Chok-Samni group and the Blank locus group showed more significant increase in the number of colocalization between 5-HT containing neurons and Fos immunoreactive neurons than the control group after the BV aqua- acupuncture. Also, the Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the Blank locus group. Consequently, the BV aqua-acupuncture increased more potent the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons and the activity of serotonergic neurons. Furthermore, the BV aqua-acupuncture was more effective on Chok-Samni than Blank locus group. These results indicate that the BV aqua-acupuncture is very effective therapy to control pain. The therapeutic effect of BV aqua-acupunture may associated with the endogenous modulatory system such as serotonin Those data from the study can be applied to establish the effective treatment of the BV for pain control in the clinical field.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.218-227
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• 2003

Objective : Hemifacial spasm is painless uncommon disorder characterized by involuntary paroxysmal movement of one side of face, In this study, the effect of Dong-Si acupuncture therapy for three patients with hemifacial spasm were evaluated. Methods : We have treated them with acupuncture treatment of Dong-Si acupuncture points(Cheuk-Samni and Cheuk-ha-Samni) and evaluated the effect by Scott's scale, For the first two weeks, it was dine once a day, and after two weeks, the other day. Results : Before therapy, the grades of spasm intensity classified by Scott's description in three cases were 3. And after Dong-Si acupuncture therapy, the grade of one case was 0, and two cases were 1. Conclusion : The Dong-Si acupuncture therapy for hemifacial spasm was effective and will be attempted to the patients with it.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.175-199
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• 2004

Objectives : To study acupuncture and moxibution treatments for stomatopathy( aphthae, oral ulceration, mycolic stomatitis, halitosis, thirst, bitter) the ancient and the present literatures were reviewed. Methods : We've got compared and analyzed 55 kinds of literatures. Results and Conclusions : 1. The acupuncture meridians used frequently for stomatopathy were $Su-yangmy\bar{o}ng-Taejang-ky\bar{o}ng(LI),\;Chok-yangmy\bar{o}ng-Wi-Ky\bar{o}ng(S),\;Immaek-Ky\bar{o}ng(CV)$. 2. The acupoints used frequently for aphthae were $Sungjang(CV_{24}),\;Yomchon(CV_{23}),\;Hapkok(LI_4),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Hyopko(S_6),\;Sugu(GV_{26})$. 3. The acupoints used frequently for oral ulceration were $Hapkok(LI_4),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Kokchi(LI_{11}),\;Sotaek(SI_1),\;Pisu(B_{20}),\;Wisu(B_{21}),\;Samgan(LI_3),\;Yomchon(CV_{23}),\;Chichang(S_4)$. 4. The acupoints used frequently for mycolic stomatitis were $Hapkok(L_4),\;Chichang(S_4),\;Hyopko\;(LI_4),\;Sungjang(CV_{24}),\;Samumgyo(SP_6)$. 5. The acupoints used frequently for halitosis were $Naejong(S_{44}),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Chung-wan\;(CV_{12}),\;Sang-wan(CV_{13}),\;Hawan(CV_{10}),\;Kongson(SP_4),\;Wisu(B_{21}),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Sugu(GV_{26}),\;Sungjang(CV_{24})$. 6. The acupoints used frequently for thirst were $Sosang(L_{11}),\;Sangyang(LI_1),\;Sotaek(SI_1),\;Kwanch'ung(TE_1),\;Ch'\bar{o}kt'aek(L_5),\;T'ae-gye(K_3),\;Kokt'aek(P_3),\;Sugu(GV_{26}),\;Samgan(LI_3),\;Igan(LI_2),\;T'aech'ung(Liv_3),\;Sojangsu(B_{27})$. 7. The acupoints used frequently for bitter were $Yangn\bar{u}ngch'\bar{o}n(G_{34}),\;Hy\bar{o}njong(G_{39}),\;Kwanch'ung(TE_1),\;Tamsu(B_{19}),\;Chokkyu\bar{u}m(G_{44}),\;Y\bar{o}n-gok(K_2),\;Shinmun(H_7),\;Chok-Samni(S_{36})$.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.1 s.25
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• pp.61-74
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• 2001

This paper intends to explore some aspects of space as metaphor for the being of a subject and a subjected state of being. This paper deals with 3 Korean communities. Examples include (1) Yeog-maeul in Honam province (2) Samni village in Youngnam province (3) Bem Island in Seoul. Yeog-maeul is the village of Sannmin's (commoners), which is socially isolated from it's surrounding Yangban's villages. The social life in Yeog-maeul is generally divided two areas : that of men and women. The former is expressed as a life Dorang-Pak(outside of the stream) and the latter as Dorang-Ahn(inside of the stream). The former is a life of formality, sacredness. The latter is a life of informality, profaneness. Samni is a typical Yangban's village. With the support of literature such as Kohyun-Hyang-Yak(古縣鄕約). Yangban has exercised the social control which is widely practiced in various fields ranging from the fetal movement to the location of tombs. Bam Island is located Han river. It's resident had lived on the Island for over 700 Years, until they were forced to move collectively out of the Island, and settle in Chang-chun dong of Seoul. Yet, these people have kept holding Bugundang Kut, ritual for the entire village. The former Bam Islanders whose traditional culture is suppressed by the surrounding postmodern culture, have tried to fill the gap between their ideal and actual lives by symbolically realizing the former in the community ritual. In ritual life, the former Bam Islanders are deemed to sacred, while the rest of citizens of Seoul profane. The residents of Yeog-maeul and Samni village which live a life an their traditional space, has been subjects. But, the former Bam Islanders which moved collectively out of traditional space and settle in the postmodern space experience the subjected state of being.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.141-155
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effect of bee venom (BV) Acupuncture into different treatment points, Chok-samni (ST36) and blank loci of the gluteal muscle and back. We investigated neuronal activity in the spinal cord using the Fos immunohistochemical technique according to the pretreatment with different concentrations of BV, thirty minutes before the formalin injection. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The number of Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI) neurons in L2 segment of the saline-formalin treated group was significantly increased in NECK and VENT of the spinal cord as compared with that of the room control group. However, there was no significant change in the number of the Fos-LI neurons in L2 segment of the BV-formalin treated group as compared with that of the room control group. 2. The number of Fos-LI neurons in L3-5 segment of the saline-formalin group was significantly increased in all the regions of 142 the spinal cord as compared with that of the room control group. However, the Fos-LI neurons in L3-5 segment of the BV-formalin treated group was dramatically decreased in all the regions of the spinal cord as compared with that of the saline-formalin group. Therefore, these results indicated that the BV acupuncture suppressed the nociceptive neuronal activities in L3-5 of the spinal cord induced by formalin injection. 3. There was a strong positive correlation between the formalin-induced pain behavior and the number of the Fos-LI neurons in L3-5 segment.