• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to be used as basic data for obtaining excellent quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) root. Methods : SM cultivated in Anhui Bozou, Henan, Shandong, Henan Wenxian, Zhejiang, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi Shangluo, Sichuan Zhongjiang, Sichuan Minyang and Jiangsu in China were gathered and its internal morphology and physicochemical patterns were analyzed. Results : Cross-section of sang plants according to cultivated regions in China showed that cork layers consisted of cells with four to six layers, cortex width was wide, and phloem was semilunar-shaped. Although there are forms layers, yet boundary was vague. It was observed that eight to ten vascular bundles were arranged in wooden parts in all directions and as a single line of vascular was distributed nearby form layers as it nears to the center. Tanshinon IIA identified a spot in the same location with standard product near by Rf 0.9 in the test identifying TLC of SM according to cultivated areas in China. The largest amount was 0.535% identified in Shandong and the lowest amount of 0.05% in Hebei. Salvianolic acid B identified a spot in the same location with standard product near by Rf 0.7 in the test identifying TLC of SM according to cultivated areas in China. The largest amount was 2.72% identified in Liaoning and the lowest amount of 0.825% in Jiangsu. Conclusions : The results are assumed to be used as basic data for obtaining excellent quality of SM oriental medical hers and distinguishing authentic or fake herbs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.437-440
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• 2012

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates various cellular processes such as cell survival, angiogenesis and proliferation. In the present study, we examined that Cryptotanshione(CT), a tanshinone from oriental traditional medicinal herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), had the inhibitory effects on hypoxia-mediated activation of STAT3 in androgen independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. CT inhibited the protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) under hypoxic condition. Consistently, CT blocked hypoxia-induced phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of STAT3. In addition, CT reduced cellular of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a critical angiogenic factor and a target gene of STAT3 induced under hypoxia. Of note, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay revealed that CT inhibited binding of STAT3 to VEGF promoter. Taken together, our results suggest that CT has anti-angiogenic activity by disturbing the binding STAT3 to the VEGF promoter in PC-3 cells.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2015

Background : This study examined the effect of harvesting time on the growth, yield characteristics, and major beneficial components in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods and Results : Although plant height, stem diameter and branch length were not affected by harvesting time, the number of stems was highest when harvested in mid October. There were no differences in root length and thickness, however, the rhizome was thicker when it was harvested at the end of October or early November than when it was harvested in early and mid October. The dried root weight also showed a similar pattern. However, there was a statistically significant increase to 408 kg (16%) in the rhizome weight when in late October and a rise to 455 kg (29%) when harvested in early November. Harvest time had little effect on the content of the major component of S. miltiorrhiza. For example, salvianolic acid content rose from 9.42 to 9.64% with later harvest times, and tanshinone ${\prod}A$ content was tended to be slightly more increased in mid October which S. miltiorrhiza has 0.22% tanshinon ${\prod}A$ than in early October. Conclusions : According to these results, the optimum harvest time for S. miltiorrhiza is early November when plant or major component yields are hightest. There were no significant harvest time effects on the major beneficial components.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2015

The HWND_G02 (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus pinnatifida, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Cnidium officinale Makino) and HWND_G03 (Cinnamonum cassia Blume, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus pinnatifida, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Cnidium officinale Makino, Allium macrostemon Bunge) are new natural mixture composed with several oriental herbs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of HWND extracts on high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, HCD, atorvastatin (5 mg/kg, po), ethanolic extracts of HWND_G02 (1,000 mg/kg, po) and HWND_G03 (1,000 mg/kg, po) were administered to the HCD-induced hyperlipidemic rats for 4 weeks to evaluate their anti-hyperlipidemic activities. HWND extracts markedly decreased body and liver wight gain, and recovered serum lipid levels, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the HCD-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, the lipid levels (TC and TG) and the lipid accumulation were significantly lowered in the liver tissue of HWND-administrated rats. After a HCD, each group had a lower atherogenic index (AI) compared to the HCD group. In conclusion, these data suggest that HWND extracts could be the candidate for the material to prevent hyperlipidemia.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the variation of growth and yield using different planting densities and vinyl mulching in S. miltiorrhiza cultivation. Top plant growth was observed in the $30{\times}30cm$ planting density of S. miltiorrhiza;, plant height, leaves and branches were larger than in the other treatments. Root length, root diameter, and supporting roots of underground part were increased as planting density was wide, and dry root weight was increased in $30{\times}30cm$. However, yield was highest at 294 kg/10a in the planting density of $30{\times}10cm$. The use of 30-31cm white and black vinyl mulching had no significant effect on the plant height of S. miltiorrhiza, as compared to non-mulching. However, the highest volume of leaves and plant weight was observed in plants using 24.7 black vinyl mulching. Dry underground root weight was highest in black vinyl mulching at 21.7 g compared to 17.0 g for non-mulching. Yield per 10a increased by 28% using black vinyl mulching compared to non-mulching. Based on the results of this study, planting density of $30{\times}10cm$ and black vinyl mulching are the most suitable in the cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.929-936
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• 2017

재배지역에 따른 단삼의 성분 및 생리활성 비교를 위하여 고창, 영양, 장흥 지역의 국내산 단삼 3종과 중국산 단삼에 대한 일반성분, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 분석하고, 열수 및 75% 에탄올 추출을 시행하여 단삼 추출물의 항산화, 항균, 항염증 활성 평가와 salvianolic acid B 함량을 측정하였다. 단삼의 일반성분은 재배지역에 따라 상당한 차이를 보였으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 영양 단삼이 가장 높고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 고창 단삼에서 가장 높은 결과를 보였다. 재배지역별 단삼의 열수 및 75% 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과 영양 단삼의 항산화 활성이 가장 우수하였으며, 75% 에탄올 추출물에 비해 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성이 더 우수하였다. B. cereus에 대한 지역별 단삼 추출물의 항균 활성은 영양 단삼이 가장 높았으며, 열수에 비해 75% 에탄올 추출물의 항균 활성이 더 우수하였다. LPS로 염증을 유도한 RAW 264.7 세포에 지역별 단삼 추출물을 처리하여 NO 저해율을 비교한 결과 열수 추출물에서는 중국산 단삼이 34% 저해율로 가장 높았으나, 75% 에탄올 추출물에서는 고창 단삼이 68% 저해율로 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 재배지역별 단삼 추출물에서 주요 성분인 salvianolic acid 함량을 비교한 결과 영양 단삼 추출물의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 열수에 비해 75% 에탄올 추출물의 함량이 좀 더 높은 결과를 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

16종의 한약재 및 약용식물류의 열수 추출물에 대한 흡광도, 총페놀화합물 및 플라보노이드 함량과 이들의 항산화 효과를 분석하였다. 추출수율은 단삼이 $35.49\%$로 다른 시료에 비하여 월등히 높았으며 pH는 $4.00\~5.92$의 범위로 산성 pH에 더 가까웠다. 방향족 화합물의 함량을 검색하고자 $250{\mu}g/mL$농도의 시료로 280 nm에서 흡광도를 측정한 결과 꿀풀이 2.872로 가장 높았으며 엉겅퀴와 산사육, 산조인은 0.5이하의 낮은 흡광도를 나타내었다. 갈색화 반응 생성물의 흡광도를 측정한 결과도 유사한 경향을 나타내어 꿀풀의 경우 1.312로 가장 높은 값을 다음은 옥수수수염 (0.917), 금물초(0.725) 순이었다. 총 페놀 화합물의 함량은 꿀풀이 $5.07{\pm}0.05mg/100g$으로 다른 시료에 비하여 월등히 높은 함량이었고 플라보노이드의 함량은 단삼에서 $4.82{\pm}1.16\;mg/100g$으로 다른 시료에 비하여 약 2배 정도 높은 함량이었다. 대부분의 시료에서 농도가 증가함에 따라 전자공여 효과도 높아지는 경향을 보였는데 산조인, 산수유, 단삼은 $1000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 $90\%$ 이상의 전자공여 효과를 나타내었다. 환원력도 전자공여능과 유사한 경향이었으나 BHT와 비교할 때 유의적으로 낮은 환원력을 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능은 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 $50\%$ 이상의 소거효과를 나타낸 시료는 꿀풀과 금물초 2종에 불과하였으며 $1000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서는 산조인, 산수유, 감국, 꿀풀, 금물초, 오가피, 단삼, 울금이 $50\%$ 이상의 소거효과를 나타내었다. 꿀풀의 경우 전 농도에서 다른 시료들에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 아질산염 소거효과를 나타내어 $250{\mu}g/mL$에서는 $59.62{\pm}1.573\%,\;1000{\mu}g/mL$에서는 $80.58{\pm}0.300\%$의 소거효과를 보였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2016

Consumption of high doses of ethanol can lead to amnesia, which often manifests as a blackout. These blackouts experienced by ethanol consumers may be a major cause of the social problems associated with excess ethanol consumption. However, there is currently no established treatment for preventing these ethanol-induced blackouts. In this study, we tested the ethanol extract of the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) for its ability to mitigate ethanol-induced behavioral and synaptic deficits. To test behavioral deficits, an object recognition test was conducted in mouse. In this test, ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) impaired object recognition memory, but SM (200 mg/kg) prevented this impairment. To evaluate synaptic deficits, NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mouse hippocampal slices were tested, as they are known to be vulnerable to ethanol and are associated with ethanol-induced amnesia. SM (10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$) significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced long-term potentiation and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSP deficits in the hippocampal slices. Therefore, these results suggest that SM prevents ethanol-induced amnesia by protecting the hippocampus from NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity deficits induced by ethanol.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.383.3-384
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• 2002

Rosmarinic acid (1) and methyl rosmarinic acid (2), isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) were found to be the tyrosinase inhibitors and scavengers of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) radical. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with $IC_{50}$/ of 16.8 $\mu\textrm{M}$ and 21.5 $\mu\textrm{M}$. respectively. It compared well with kojic acid. a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. with an $IC_{50}$ of 22.4 $\mu\textrm{M}$. The inhibitory kinetics, analyzed by a Lineweaver-Burk plot, found rosmarinic acid and its methyl ester to be competitive inhibitors with $K_{i}$ of $2.35{\times}10^{-5}M$ and $1.52{\times}10^{-5}M$ respectively. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed the scavenging activities on DPPH radical, with $IC_{50}$ of 4.27 $\mu\textrm{M}$ and 3.05 $\mu\textrm{M}$. respectively. These scavenging effects were more potent than that of L-ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$ = 11.75$\mu\textrm{M}$).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 1998

Farmesy-Protein Transferase의 저해제는 Ras단백질의 발암활성을 차잔하는 항암제의 후보로서 알려져있다. 우리는 최근에 topoisomerase I에 대하여 저해활성을 갖는 dihydrotanshinone I을 약용식물인 Salvia miltorhiza Bunge(Danshen)으로부터 분리하였다. Dihydrotanshinone Iml 작용기작의 해석을 위한 시도에서 farmesy-Protein Transferase에 대한 저해능($IC_{50}$치= 15ug/ml)을 관찰하였으며, 이것은 유용한 항암제로서의 가능성을 제시한 결과로 본다.