• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2003

Mass transfer characteristics during osmotic dehydration of carrots were studied as functions of immersion temperature and time, and sugar and salt concentrations. The effect of osmotic dehydration on the degree of browning of air-dried carrots was also evaluated. Increasing the immersion temperature and time, sugar concentration, and salt addition increased water loss, sugar gain, molality and rate of dehydration. The water loss and increases in solids, and molality were rapid in the beginning of the process and then increased slowly during remainder of the process. Increasing 1 or 2% salt concentration in the 40$^{\circ}$Brix sugar solution at 6$0^{\circ}C$ increased water loss and solid gain. Salt addition was not able to significantly affected on water loss and solid gain compare to temperature (40～8$0^{\circ}C$) and sugar concentration (20～60$^{\circ}$Brix) changes due to the low salt concentration. A minimum degree of browning of the air-dried carrots (O.D. = 0.048) could be achieved using binary solutions (40$^{\circ}$Brix sugar solution with 2% salt addition) with 24 min of immersion time compared to control (O.D. = 1.308) or blanching with 24 min of immersion time (O.D. = 0.174).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.641-656
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• 2008

This study was done to investigate the effect of Gamichungyeoldodam-tang (GCDT) in DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats. The results were obtained as follows : GCDT showed safety against cytotoxicity and toxicity in the liver and the kidney. GCDT showed an inhibitory effect on ACE. GCDT significantly decreased the heart rate and the blood pressure in DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats. GCDT significantly decreased the levels of aldosterone in DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats. GCDT significantly decreased the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats. GCDT significantly decreased the levels of chloride in DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats. These results suggest that GCDT might be effective in treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2003

Doubled haploids have long been recognized as a valuable tool in plant breeding since it not only offers the quickest method of advancing heterozygous breeding lines to homozygosity, but also increased the selection efficiency over conventional procedures due to better discrimination between genotypes within any one generation. Salt tolerant mutants were obtained in rice the variety, 'Hawsungbyeo', through in vitro mutagenesis of in vitro cultured anther-derived calli. Various doses (30, 50, 70 and 90 Gy) of gamma ray were applied to investigate the effect of radiation on callus formation on medium containing 1% NaCl, green plant regeneration, frequency of selected doubled haploid mutants and of the salt tolerant screen. It was demonstrated that the dose of 30 and 50 Gy gamma rays had significant effects on callus formation, regeneration and selection of salt tolerance. No tolerant lines were obtained from non-mutagenized cultures. From gamma ray irradiated cultures, five tolerant lines ($M_2$generation) at germination stage and 13 tolerant lines ($M_3$genoration) at seedling stage were obtained. The frequency of salt tolerant mutants indicates that anther culture applied in connection with gamma rays is an effective way to improve salt tolerance.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2003

The majority of table salts are bay salts and chemical salts. However, chemical salts are known to have a different composition in biological electrolytes and quality of bay salts are getting worse due to the increasing seawater contamination. These facts may have led to the increasing usage of various health-promoting salts. Bamboo salt was introduced in 1986 as a solution to replace table salts to eliminate those detrimental effects, to promote general health and to treat diseases. Although all bamboo salts from different manufacturers have been used for the same health and medical purposes, each manufacturer utilizes different manufacturing process. The ICP analysis was used to study the changes of elemental contents in a bamboo salt during the manufacturing steps as well as these contents in various bamboo salts and other salts. After the first step, contents of Li and Sr in the bamboo salt were increased in comparison with those in the raw material, bay salt. As the next steps continued, contents of K, Ca and Ba were continuously increased. At the completion of the final step, contents of Mg and P were decreased and those of Cu, Mn and Mo were gradually increased. Bamboo salts contained lower contents of Mg, Al, B, and P, but higher contents of K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Li, Ba, Sr and Mo than bay salt.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.840-846
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• 2021

To improve the bile salt and acid tolerance of probiotics against gastrointestinal stresses, we investigated the effects of soybean lecithin and whey protein concentrate (WPC) 80 on the bile salt tolerance of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L9 using a single-factor methodology, which was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The survival rate of L. paracasei L9 treated with 0.3% (w/v) bile salt for 2.5 h, and combined with soybean lecithin or WPC 80, was lower than 1%. After optimization, the survival rate of L. paracasei L9 incubated in 0.3% bile salt for 2.5 h reached 52.5% at a ratio of 0.74% soybean lecithin and 2.54% WPC 80. Moreover, this optimized method improved the survival rate of L. paracasei L9 in low pH condition and can be applied to other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. Conclusively, the combination of soybean lecithin and WPC 80 significantly improved the bile salt and acid tolerance of LAB. Our study provides a novel approach for enhancing the gastrointestinal tolerance of LAB by combining food-derived components that have different properties.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2023

Salt cores have attracted considerable attention for their application to the casting process of electric vehicle parts as a solution to ecological issues. However, the salt core still has low mechanical strength for use in high-pressure die casting. In this study, we investigated the improvements in the bending strength of KCl-based salt cores resulting from the use of reinforcing materials. KCl and Na₂CO₃ powders were used as matrix materials, and glass fiber and carbon fiber were used as reinforcing materials. The effects of carbon fiber and glass fiber contents on the bending strength properties were investigated. Here, we obtained a new fiber-reinforced salt core composition with improved bending strength for high-pressure die casting by adding a relatively small amount of glass fiber (0.3 wt%). The reinforced salt core indicates the improved properties, including a bending strength of 49.3 Mpa, linear shrinkage of 1.5%, water solubility rate of 16.25 g/min·m² in distilled water, and hygroscopic rate of 0.058%.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2013

Bamboo salt, a Korean folk medicine, is prepared with solar salt (sea salt) and baked several times at high temperatures in a bamboo case. In this study, we compared the preventive effects of bamboo salt and purified and solar salts on hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with purified and solar salts, bamboo salts prevented hepatic damage in rats, as evidenced by significantly reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05). Bamboo salt (baked $9{\times}$) triggered the greatest reduction in these enzyme levels. In addition, it also reduced the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$. Histopathological sections of liver tissue demonstrated the protective effect of bamboo salt, whereas sections from animals treated with the other salt groups showed a greater degree of necrosis. We also performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses of the inflammation-related genes iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ in rat liver tissues. Bamboo salt induced a significant decrease (~80%) in mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$, compared with the other salts. Thus, we found that baked bamboo salt preparations could prevent $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damage in vivo.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.379-391
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• 2024

Tocopherol, carotenoids, and chlorophyll are the primary components of the antioxidative response in microalgae. Conditions of stress, such salt stress, can trigger the processes responsible for the accumulation of tocopherol and carotene. It has been found that the most difficult part of culturing microalgae is keeping it affordable. This study investigated the effects of different salt types and concentrations on the amount of α-tocopherol, carotenoid derivatives, and flocculation efficiency of Euglena sp. Cultures of Euglena sp. was developed under salt stress conditions of NaCl 200 mM and KCl 200 mM. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used to confirm the presence of α-tocopherol and carotenoid derivatives under thirteen days of salt stress testing. Increasing salinity has a significant effect on Euglena sp., causing spherical cell morphologies with aspect ratio 1.385 ± 0.031 for NaCl 200 mM and 1.414 ± 0.040 for KCl 200 mM. Increasing salinity also slowing down development with specific growth rate value of 0.171 ± 0.006 per day and 0.122 ± 0.029 per day for NaCl and KCl 200 mM, respectively. Nevertheless, the amount of α-tocopherol in Euglena sp. increases with a high salt concentration; algal cells flocculated more successfully when increasing the salt concentrations (NaCl 200 mM and KCl 200 mM) was added. Due to the inhibition of photosynthetic activity in salt-stressed cells, the control group exhibited higher levels of carotenoid derivatives (ranging from 0.5-1 ㎍/mL) and pheophytin a and b (0.0062 ± 0.001 ㎍/mL and 0.0064 ± 0.001 ㎍/mL) than the group treated with salt stress. In conclusion, salt stress was an effective way to raises the concentration of α-tocopherol and significantly reduce the expense of harvesting Euglena sp.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2012

사용 소금에 따른 된장의 암세포 성장 억제효과를 조사하기 위하여 4종의 천일염(1년 숙성 천일염, 4년 숙성 천일염, 토판염, 육염)을 사용하여 된장을 제조하였다. 대조구로는 정제염을 사용한 된장을 제조하여 실험을 수행하였다. 된장의 모든 제조 조건(원료, 제조방법, 발효 미생물, 발효조건 등)을 동일하게 하여주고 소금의 종류만을 달리하여 발효된 된장이 인체 위암세포(AGS)와 대장암세포(HT-29)의 성장 억제효과와 인간 정상세포(BJ)에 미치는 세포 독성을 조사하였다. 숙성된 된장을 물과 메탄올을 이용해 추출하여 사용 소금에 따른 된장의 암세포 성장억제효과를 MTT assay를 사용해 살펴보았다. 소금의 종류를 달리한 된장의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 AGS 위암세포, HT-29 결장암세포 대해서 모두 농도 의존적으로 높은 세포생육 억제율을 나타내었다. AGS의 경우 4년 숙성 천일염 된장의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물이 최대 처리 농도인 1.000 mg/mL에서 53%, 55%의 억제율을 나타내어 다른 종류의 소금에 비해 암세포 생육 억제효과가 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 이어서 토판염, 육염, 1년 숙성 천일염, 정제염순으로 암세포 생육 저해 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다. HT-29의 경우 AGS에 대한 암세포 성장 억제효과보다는 다소 낮지만 물 추출물의 최대 처리 농도 시 4년 숙성 천일염이 44%의 억제율을 보여 가장 높았으며 나머지 4종의 소금으로 제조한 된장들은 30~40% 정도의 억제 효과가 관찰되었다. 또한 메탄올 추출물에서도 위와 비슷한 경향을 보임을 확인하였으며 소금의 종류를 달리한 된장의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 모두 정상세포 BJ에 대해 세포독성을 거의 나타내지 않았으며 오히려 세포 성장효과를 보였다. 모든 추출물에서 우수한 암세포 생육 억제현상을 나타낸 4년 숙성 천일염 된장의 메탄올 추출물을 AGS, HT-29, BJ 세포에 처리하였을 때, 정상세포 BJ에 대해서는 처리 전후로 큰 차이가 관찰되지는 않았으나 세포 밀도의 감소와 함께 일부 세포 수축 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 결과들은 천일염 된장이 암세포 생육억제에 좋으며 그 중에서도 4년 숙성 천일염 된장이 가장 뛰어난 항암효과를 지님을 시사하고 있다.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2023