• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.313-323
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• 1998

In order to establish a sensitive and specific diagnostic method for detection of antibody to Salmonella pullorum, a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was designed and standardized. The diagnostic efficacy of the established ELISA was compared with that of the serum plate agglutination test and immunodiffusion test for pullorum disease. 1. The chicken hyperimmune sera to Salmonella pullorum, S gallinarum, S typhimurium and S typhi were shown the cross reaction to S pullorum antigen by serum plate agglutination test. 2. When compared the cross reaction titer of microplate agglutination test for chickens hyperimmune sera, it was found that the titer were 64 in S pullorum, 32 in S gallinarum, 4 in S typhimurium and 8 in S typhi, respectively. 3. When compared the specificity of various antigen(HA, EA, PA and SA) by the immunodiffusion test, the most suitable antigen was phenol-treated bactrium. 4. The optimal concentration of S pullorum antigen for ELISA was 1 : 160 dilution of bacterium. 5. The efficacy of the ELISA for detection of S pullorum antibody was compared with serum Plate agglutination test and immunodiffusion test in chickens infected with S pullorum. The antibody was first detected at 6 days after infection using three tests examined. The antibody was alldetected at 9 days by ELISA, at 12 days by serumplate agglutination test, at 15 days by immunodiffusion test.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1976

An agglutinability between naturally infected positive chicken serum of pullorum disease and hyperimmumized rabbit antiserum was compared. And the following results were obtained and summarized. 1. On the agglutinability, Salmonella pullorum antigen which irradiated gamma-ray was more excellent than another both formalized and heated antigen. 2. Time of judgemented as positive titer in the tube agglutination test to the naturally infected positive chicken serum was it most suitable for 12 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. 3. Agglutination titer of positive immune chicken serum against gamma-ray irradiate Salmonella pullorum were as 320~640x.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1985

Salmonella pullorum strain W was serially passaged on the brain heart infusion agar containing acrdine orange(AO) as a concentration of 100 mcg/ml. S. pullorum AO60 and S. pullorum AO150, which were subcultured 60 and 150 passages on AO media, were examined for permeability barrier function of the cell wall. AO60 and AO150 were appeared to be decreased in susceptibility against hydrophobic substances such as crystal violet, chloramphenicol and rifamycin, which might be resulted from the changes of permeability barrier function of the cell wall. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of bacterial protein, the protein profiles of AO6O and AO150 didn't differ significantly from W, but increased amount of the band of MW 140,000-145,000 was confirmed. And [G+C] contents of DNA in AO60 and A0150 were decreased than that of W.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2002

Antigenic ompC genes of S. gallinarum, S. pullorum and S. dublin were characterized among Salmonella spp. isolated from chickens and other animals to identify genetic variation. Salmonella ompC gene fragment (1,027 bp) was amplified by PCR and the amplicons were cloned for comparison of nucleotide sequences. The identity of the sequences between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum, S. gallinarum and S. dublin, S. pullorum and S. dublin was 99.8%, 97.6% and 97.8%, respectively. Also, we found that ompC has some diversity between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum, and other Salmonella spp. which may be useful to type the organisms. Similar to diagnosis in other organisms, the TaqMan PCR method can be applied to rapid and accurate diagnosis of salmonellosis in chickens and other animals. We designed PCR primers and TaqMan probe for flagellin gene (fliC) for detection of Salmonella spp. by TaqMan PCR. The TaqMan PCR method was 10,000 times more sensitive than conventional PCR.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1997

Postmortem examination was conducted on 350 (three hundred and fifty) chickens. Related samples (Liver, heart, ovary, spleen, bone-marrow, and caecal junction) were collected. The appropriate materials from the samples were cultured into different media. A total 40(forty) isolates of salmonella pullorum and S. gallinarum were identified and preserved. Characterization of the isolates were done by cultural, morphological, biochemical, and serological tests. Salmonella pullorum antigen was prepared from the local isolate, standardized and tested. This antigen was used in the field for the detection of pullorum or fowl typhoid infection or carrier birds. The antigen consisted of suspension of Salmonella pullorum in 0.50 percent sodium chloride plus 1.5 percent sodium sulfate and inactivated with 1% formalin U.S.P. and standardized with McFarland scale iv or by pour plate method containing 800 million organisms per milliliter and stained by the addition of alcoholic crystal violet. Sterility, safety and potency were tested and found as good as other international antigens. The antigen was found to retain its quality for six months when preserved at room temperatures. The test was made by mixing one drop of the antigen with a drop of blood or a drop of serum, on a glass plate or white tile. The locally produced antigen was as good as antigens from Japan, Hungary, Holland and India. A serological study was conducted with the locally prepared antigen in different farms, and the incidence was 0-4% in government farms, 5-10% in commercial imported breeds and 0-3% in cross breed local farms respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1993

The morphological hetergeneity of lipopolysaccharides(LPSs) and variation in the O-side chain lengths of LPSs of Salmonella pullorum, which was serially subcultured on the brain heart infusion agar containing $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of acridine orange, was analyzed in Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. The biochemical differences in LPS W and LPS A0150 were identified. Increases in the contents of O-polysaccharides of LPS A0150 than those of LPS W were reflected in the profiles of chromatography and silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. In summary, LPS molecules of S pullorum A0150 appeared to be enriched in the molecules with long O-polysaccharide chains than those of LPS W.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.221-237
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• 1999

To investigate the specificity of rapid slide agglutination test for pullorum-gallinarum diseases and to obtain a basic data for avian salmonellosis control, salmonella isolation was peformed for the layer chickens positively reacted in pullonlm-typhoid agglutination test. The biochemical, serological and antimicrobial properties of the isolates were examined. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows; 1. Of 2,384 chickens tested by the agglutination test, 606 chickens (25.4%) were positive reactors. 154 of 606 reactors and 49 of the non-reacting chickens were investigated for salmonella isolation, resulting in isolation of 68 strains of salmonellae from 27 chickens. 2. By organs, the isolation frequency from liver, cecum, spleen, ovary and gall bladder showed 8.9% (18 strains), 8.9% (18 strains), 7.4% (15 strains), 4.4% (9 strains) and 3.9% (8 strains), respectively. 3. By culture medium the combination of selenite broth and MacConkey agar revealed the highest isolation rate and the enrichment culture by delayed secondary enrichment culture method was found the most effective for salmonella isolation. 4. The serotypes of 68 salmonella isolates were identified as 3 strains of S pullorum, 24 strains of S gallinarum, 15 strains of S typhimurium, 8 strains of S enteritidis, 7 strains of S paratyphi A, 5 strains of S typhimurium and 6 strains of the other salmonellae. 5. The serotypes of 8 salmonella strains isolated from 49 chickens non-reacting in pullorum-typhoid agglutination test were identified as 3 strains of S typhimurium and 5 strains of S infantis. 6. When 24 chickens of which 68 strains of salmonellae isolated were examined by microplate agglutination test, the average antibody titer for pullorum antigen was $2^{5.25}$. The chickens at antibody titer between $2^3$ and $2^5$ showed the higher frequency of isolation as compared with the chickens at the other titers. 7. When salmonella isolates were tested the antimicrobial drug sensitivity by disk diffusion method, S paratyphi A were highly sensitive by 100% to ATM and GM, S typhimurium, by 88% to AM, CIP, IMP and TN, S infantis, by 100% to AM, CRO, ENR and PIP, S enteritidis,by 100% to IMP and PIP, S pullorum, by 100% to ATM, CRO, ENR and PIP and S gallinarum, by 92% to CRO, CIP and PIP.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2013

The experiment was undertaken to see the effects of Bacillus sp. on the growth performance and disease resistance to Salmonella sp. infections. The use of probiotic microbes in poultry is commonly practiced. In this study, Bacillus subtilis was tested using a total of 120 chicks of age of 1 day after hatching. The growth traits examined were body weight gain and feed conversion rate. And also, the Salmonella resistance of Bacillus subtilis was tested after the chicks were orally administered with Salmonella pullorum by gavage force injections. The result showed that Bacillus subtilis yielded a high feed efficiency, consequently increased growth rate. For the effect of Bacillus subtilis on Salmonella infection, Bacillus subtilis significantly improved the resistance to Salmonella pullorum infection. Various clinical symptoms of Salmonella infection were highly decreased by addition of Bacillus sp.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1966

Salmonella pullorum 표준형균주(標準型菌株) 및 변이형균주(變異型菌株)의 균체물질(菌體物質)을 가열추출(加熱抽出), 산성추출(酸性抽出), 산성가열추출(酸性加熱抽出), trypsin 소화(消化) 급류산(及硫酸) ammonium 포화(飽和)등의 방법(方法)으로 처리(處理)하여 얻은 각(各) 분층(分層)의 항원성(抗原性)을 혈구응집반응(血球凝集反應) 및 침강반응(沈降反應)으로 비교검토(比較檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. S. pullorum 균체항원(菌體抗原)은 표준형균주(標準型菌株) 및 변이형균주(變異型菌株) 다같이 가열추출(加熱抽出)에서만이 인(人)0형혈구(型血球)와 계혈구(鷄血球)에 흡착(吸着)되어 혈구응집반응(血球凝集反應)의 반응(反應)을 나타내였다. 2. Trypsin의 영향(影響)은 별(別)로 저명(著明)하지는 아니하나 산성추출항원(酸性抽出抗原)에서 표준형균주(標準型菌株)보다 변이형균주(變異型菌株)가 혈구응집반응(血球凝集反應)에서 약간(若干) 양성(陽性)으로 변전(變轉)되었다. 3. S. pullorum 표준형균주(標準型菌株)의 항원성물질(抗原性物質)은 유안포화시(硫安飽和時) 거의 그 침전분층(沈澱分層)에 이행(移行)되며 이는 동(同) 침전분층(沈澱分層)을 trypsin 소화(消化)하므로써 혈구응집반응(血球凝集反應)에 강력(强力)한 항원성(抗原性)을 보유(保有)하고 있으므로 증명(證明)할 수 있었다. 4. 유안포화시(硫安飽和時) S. pullorum 변이형균주(變移型菌株)는 산성추출항원(酸性抽出抗原)에서는 침전분층(沈澱分層)을 얻을 수 없었고 그 상청(上淸)에는 항원성(抗原性)도 없었으나 가열추출항원(加熱抽出抗原)에 있어서는 상청(上淸) 급(及) 침전분층(沈澱分層) 공(共)히 혈구응집반응(血球凝集反應)에 양성(陽性)을 나타내었다. 5. 각종추출항원분층(各種抽出抗原分層)의 침강반응(沈降反應)에서는 거의 반응(反應)을 나타내지 아니하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1970

In these studies the efficracy of plate, tube agglutination and agar-gel precipitin test were compared for the detection of pullorum infected chickens. From all the chickens showing positive reaction in agar-gel precipitin test, Salmonella pullorum organisms were isolated.