• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2010

We evaluated the restoration effect by introducing willows as a means of controlling invasions of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) on a riparian site. Our preliminary survey demonstrated that a problematic exotic species, giant ragweed and the representative riparian species, Salix koreensis are in competitive exclusive relationship. We planted willows at 1 m intervals on the bank of the Dongmun stream at Munsan, Paju, in Central Western Korea as an experimental restoration practice. We installed two 50 m $\times$ 5 m sized restored and non-restored for this experimental study. The non-restored plots were located on river banks, which were covered with concrete blocks and left in itself without any treatment. The height of willow was measured after each of three consecutive growing seasons and compared with the height of the giant ragweed. Although the height of Salix gracilistyla did not achieve the height of the giant ragweed, the height of S. koreensis surpassed that of giant ragweed in the third year after introduction. The results were also reflected in the relative light intensity on the herb layer of willow stand, and thereby the relative light intensities of stands, which were dominated by S. koreensis or restored by introducing S. koreensis, 1.99 $\pm$ 0.33 (%, mean $\pm$ SD) and 1.92 $\pm$ 0.50 (%, mean $\pm$ SD), respectively were lower than those in the stands treated by S. gracilistyla, 3.01 $\pm$ 0.43 (%, mean $\pm$ SD). The giant ragweed stands receive full sunlight as there are no any vegetation layers higher than the herb layer formed by the giant ragweed. As the result of Detrended Correspondence analysis ordination based on naturally established vegetation, the stands dominated by willows and giant ragweed showed different species composition between both stands. The species composition of the restoratively treated sites resembled the reference sites more than the non-treated sites. The species diversity (H') of the sites restored by introducing S. koreensis and S. gracilistyla was higher than the non-restored site dominated by A. trifida. On the basis of our results, the restoration of riparian vegetation equipped with integrated features could contribute not only to the control of exotic plants including giant ragweed but also to ensure the diversity and stability of riverine ecosystems.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 2004

This study was executed to find out how to improve the planting and use of landscaping plants in Chuncheon. The number of street trees was 17,877 in 2003. The major species of street trees were Ginkgo biloba(52.7％), Prunus sargentii(15.3％), Zelkova serrata(8.9％), Platanus occidentalis(7.3％). Salix babylonica and Platanus occidentalis were decreased, while Prunus sargentii and Zelkova serrata were increased. Salix babylonica is a good species for a lakeside city, but its seeds cause allergies to some people. Most of the trees have been removed in Chuncheon. The planting of Salix babylonica(♂) resulted in no problems, and it should be propagated to plant. The soil of several areas was analysed to investigate soil conditions. The outskirts of city had good conditions in pH, organic matter and minerals, but the downtown areas had high alkalic, due to alkali from footpath concrete blocks. Appropriate pruning adds to the aesthetic and prolongs the useful life; it also requires less managing of insects and diseases to maintain good healthy of street trees. Street trees were not properly pruned due to electric lines and shortage of pruning information. The pruning was controlled by Korea Electric Power Co, which has no pruning information. Pruning must be maintained by a professional landscape company to maintain good shape such as with Bonsai. The Shrubs planting zone between street trees and other trees, and preservation plates were established for healthy of street trees. They have to be repaired and maintained well to keep better environmental conditions. The number of tree and flower species of 68 schools in Chuncheon were 12 and 16, respectively. The species that showed high preference were Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, Rosa centifolia, Forsythia koreana, and Rhododendron schlippenbachii. The high frequency of the protection trees designated by Chuncheon were Pinus densiflora, Ginko biloba, Zelkova serrata, Quercus species. It was thought that the diversification of street tree species, the selection of street trees suitable to each space, the generalization of use of native species, the appropriate pruning and proper fertilization, the control of pests and diseases, and the opinions of citizens concerning landscape plants were needed to improve the planting, use and maintenance of landscaping plants in Chuncheon.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 1998

The slope revegetation methods in Korea are generally the hydroseeding mixed with perennial herbs, soil, fibers, and fertilizer in consideration of scenic landscape rather than ecological and engineering effect. But perennial herbs can't protect the slope from deep surface erosion and they are not tall enough to create the original naturalness at the boundary parts of existing woodlands. This study is about the slope revegetation method using nutritional propagation capacity of plants and the experimental construction was carried out on the cut-slope of Yongin Hoam C.C. We dug several trenches to a depth of 80cm and at intervals of 150cm from each other. After placing various kinds of live branches(Salix species) into the trench, we backfilled with the excavated soils and finally sprayed water mixed with soil-stabilizer, fertilizer. As six months passed, we made a vegetation research and check the slope surface erosion. Vegetation research was performed in examining the frequency of each block using transect method. 31 kinds of plant species appeared in total area($113.6m^2$) and the dominant species are Setaria viridis, Artemisia rubripes, Persicaria pubescens, Plantago asiatica, Cyperus amuricus, Commelina communis. Among the examined blocks, '아', the top part of the slope, showed the ratio of 1.4 as the highest Alpha-diversity. With regard to life form, therophytes were shown dominant distribution of 58% of total species and neophytes relatively low distribution of 16%. It can be estimated that there is no ecological stabilization of this slope, because of ruderal species' occupation of 74% in total area. Regarding the slope stabilization, the serious surface erosion didn't take place in spite of heavy rainfall this year, but a little surface erosion took place at the block where no other species coming from outside of the site were found.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 대규모 하천이나 댐 조성 시 형성되는 인공 또는 자연 사면의 안정성 확보에 고려되는 제방보호 식물이 수위와 탁도의 변화에 따라 어떻게 영향을 받는지에 대해 분석하였다. 실험을 위하여 임하댐 상류 지천에서 채취한 토양을 이용하여 탁수를 재연하였으며 사면 내 식물은 국내 대표 버드나무속 식물인 갯버들, 버드나무, 왕버들을 사용하였다. 또한 하천식물이 비침수의 회복시간을 가질 경우 재성장 가능성을 단계별로 분석하여 집중호우로 인한 하천식물의 피해와 회복 가능성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과 국내 대표 하천식물인 버드나무속 3종은 고탁도 침수가 발생하면 줄기의 경우 심각한 피해로 인해 성장이 멈추었으며 20일 동안 비침수의 회복이 진행되어도 재성장 가능성은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 엽수의 경우 침수로 인해 초기에는 감소했지만 비침수의 회복이 진행되면 갯버들은 초기상태 대비 59.3%까지 회복하였으며 버드나무와 왕버들도 초기상태 대비 각각 251.3%, 148.4%로 측정되어 재성장률이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1983

한국산(韓國産) 능수버드나무류(類)에 대한 식별(識別)과 형질변이(形質變異)에 관한 분류학적(分類學的) 문제(問題)들을 해결(解決)하기 위하여 수원시내(水原市內)에 가로수(街路樹)로 식재(植栽)된 능수버드나무류(類) 5종(種)에 대하여 1982년(年) 4월(月)부터 10월(月)에 걸쳐 꽃과 잎의 36 가지 특성(特性)을 측정(測定)하여 유집분석(類集分析), 주요인분석(主要因分析) 및 요인분석(要因分析) 등(等)의 방법(方法)을 이용(利用)하여 수량적(數量的) 분류(分類)를 시도(試圖)하였다. Mahalanobis distance에 의한 분류결과(分類結果)는 능수버들과 수양버들이 가장 먼저 연관(聯關)되고, 개수양버들과 용버들은 다음에 연관(聯關)되었으며 버드나무는 이들 종(種)으로부터 떨어져서 이들과 연관(聯關)되었는데, 이 결과(結果)는 Lattice distance와 Euclidean distance에 의(依)한 결과(結果)와 동일(同一)하였다. 유집분석(類集分析)을 함에 있어서 기관수(器官數)와 형질수(形質數)를 늘릴 수록 종(種)들 상호간(相互間)에 유집(類集)이 더욱 효율적(效率的)으로 나타났고, 주요인분석(主要因分析)에 의(依)한 종간(種間) 관계(關係)는 유집분석(類集分析)에 의한 결과(結果)와 같았으며, 제(第)1, 제(第)2, 제(第)3의 주요인자(主要因子)가 종간관계(種間關係)를 설명(說明)할 수 있는 분산(分散)은 62.2%이었는데, 요인분석(要因分析)의 결과(結果) 엽신폭(葉身幅), 거치수(鋸齒數), 엽각(葉角), 한 화수(花穗)에 달린 꽃의 수(數) 및 엽병장비(葉柄長比) 등(等)이 이들 종(種)을 분류(分類) 식별(識別)함에 있어서 주요(主要)한 형질(形質) 요인(要因)임이 확인(確認)되었다. 이러한 수량적(數量的) 분류(分類)는 종간(種間) 관계(關係)를 설명(說明)하고 주요형질요인(主要形質要因)을 추론(推論)하는데 효과적(效果的)이었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 1983

한국(韓國)에서 자생(自生)하는 목본식물(木本植物)의 외생균근(外生菌根)과 내생균근(內生菌根)의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하고 그 결과(結果)를 외국(外國)의 문헌(文獻)과 비교(比較)하였다. 경기도(京畿道) 광릉(光陵) 임업시험장(林業試驗場)에서 대부분의 뿌리 표본(表本)을 채취(採取)하였으며, 모두 32과(科), 63속(屬), 102종(種)을 관찰(觀察)하였다. 외생균근(外生菌根)은 소나무과(科)(Pinus, Larix, Picea, Abies), 버드나무과(科)(Populus, Salix), 자작나무과(科)(Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus), 참나무과(科)(Quercus, Castanea), 피나무과(科)(Tilia)의 13속(屬)에서 관찰(觀察)되었으며, 내생균근(內生菌根)은 위의 13속중(屬中) Populus와 나머지 49속(屬)에서 관찰(觀察)되었다. 외생(外生)이나 내생균근(內生菌根)을 전혀 가지지 않은 속(屬)은 Rhus뿐이었으나, 이 속(屬)은 좀더 자제한 관찰(觀察)을 요(要)한다. 외생(外生)과 내생(內生)을 함께 가지고 있는 속(屬)은 Populus 뿐이었으나, 외국문헌(外國文獻)에는 그밖에도 Juniperus, Cupressus, Populus, Salix, Juglans, Alnus, Ulmus, Malus, Pyrus, Tilia 등이 수록(收錄)되어 있다. 우발적(偶發的)으로 외생균근(外生菌根)을 형성(形成)한다고 하는 Juniperus, Ulmus, Pyrus, Acer 등에서는 외생균근(外生菌根)을 관찰(觀察)할 수 없었다. 몇 수종(樹種)의 내생균근(內生菌根)의 형태학적(形態學的) 특성(特性)을 현미경(顯微鏡) 사진(寫眞)과 함께 설명(說明)하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1988

This study was carried out to measure the contents of soluble sulfur and heavy metals in the leaves of roadside tree at 34 sampling sites of Seoul area from the Sep. 1 to Sep. 30 during 1985 and 1986. The results were as follows; 1. Average contents of soluble sulfur at all sampling sites were; Plantanus orientalis 0.474%, Ginkgobioloba 0.562%, and Salix pseudolasiogyne 0.566%. 2. Correlation between sulfur dioxide concentration in the air and soluble sulfur in the leaves by area were; Green belt area R = 0.985, Residential area R = 0.856, Commercial area R = 0.668, Industrial area R = 0.886. Correlation by species were ; Platanus orientalis R = 0.817, Ginkgobiloba R = 0.771, Salix pseudo-lasiogyne R = 0.824. 3. Correlation between $SO_X$ concentration in the air and sulfur contents in the leaves showed positive significance. 4. Contents of soluble sulfur in the heavy traffic area were higher than that of light traffic area. 5. Heavy metal contents of 1986 were higher than that of 1985; Fe> Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr. 6. Lead contents in the leaves of 1986 were; Platanus orientalis 16, 701 ppm, Gingobiloba 21,729ppm, Salix Pseudo-lasiogyne 12.418 ppm.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제77권3호
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 1988

산공재(散孔材)인 왕버들(Salix glandulosa Seemenn)과 환공재(環孔材)인 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis BI.)의 뿌리, 줄기 및 가지에 있어서 2기(二期) 목부조직(木部組織)을 해부학적(解剖學的)으로 비교관찰(比較觀察)하였다. 굴참나무의 뿌리의 도관분포(導管分布)는 줄기와 달리 산공형(散孔型)이다. 뿌리의 연륜(年輪) 경계(境界)는 양(兩) 수종(樹種)에서 대체(大體)로 불분명(不分明)하다. 도관요소(導管要素) 및 대섬유(大纖維)는 뿌리에서 제일 길고, 가지에서 가장 짧다. 또한 도관(導管)의 직경(直徑)은 뿌리, 줄기, 가지의 순(順)으로 좁아진다. 횡단면상(橫斷面上)에서 도관(導管)의 단위면적당(單位面積當) 분포수(分布數)는 가지에서 제일 많고 뿌리에서 가장 적다. 도관요소(導管要素)의 천공(穿孔)은 두 수종(樹種) 모두 단천공(單穿孔)이고, 천공판(穿孔板)의 경사각(傾斜角)은 뿌리, 줄기, 가지의 순(順)으로 작아진다. 접선단면상(接線斷面上)에서 방사조직(放射組織)은 뿌리가 줄기나 가지에 비(比)해 높은 반면(反面), 단위면적당(單位面積當) 분포수(分布數)는 뿌리에서 줄기나 가지에 비(比)해 적다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2007

The vascular plants of the study area in the Daemisaem region were listed as 302 taxa; 81 families, 196 genera, 251 species, 1 subspecies, 42 varieties, 7 forms and 1 hybrid. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 7 taxa were recorded; Carex okamotoi, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Thalictrum uchiyamai, Lespedeza ${\times}$ tomentella, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis, Cirsium chanroenicum. Specific plants by floral region were total 21 taxa; Silene jenisseensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia in class IV, 3 taxa (Lilium leichtlinii var. tigrinum, Betula davurica, Lonicera subhispida) in class III, 3 taxa (Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana, Ligularia fischeri, Cirsium chanroenicum) in class II, 13 taxa (Glyceria leptolepis, Meliosma oldhamii, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 8 families, 20 genera, 23 species, 1 varieties, 24 taxa and naturalization rate was 7.9% of all 302 taxa vascular plants. The vegetation community of the selected Daemisaem region were growth of configuration to slope, ridge and valley; Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus mongolica community, Salix koreensis community in the slope, Quercus mongolica community, Carpinus tschonoskii community in the ridge, Fraxinus mandshurica community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Acer mono community, Cornus controversa community, Morus bombycis community in the valley.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this paper is on identifying spatial structure of Palwang and Taechon village and dealing with restoration direction of village spatial structure and village groves. The results are as follows. It was identified that the standing stone for penis form is not standing stone for praying son but complementing that for enforcing enclosed function of enclosing village groves. It was considered that village entrance and entrance road, village grove of Taechon village must be restored for being identified as standing stone of penis form of spatial structure of village. It was considered that the above is essential to connect with ecotourism of Sunchang-gun region. It was identified that Palwang village grove is very good in conservation state, but Taechon village grove has been destructed mostly by various development. It was identified that Palwang village grove is high in species diversity and in scare value as mixed forest, landscape value. The dominent tree of Palwang village was Pinus densiflora and that of Taechon was Salix glandulosa. Salix glandulosa was used pavilion tree, main tree in both village. It was identified that Carpinus tschonoskii is showing the most rapid growth in tree height and Salix glandulosa is showing the most rapid growth in tree breadth diameter of all kind of tree. It was considered that Pinus densiflora was planted first of all and deciduous trees were complemented later. It was considered that simple forest of Pinus densiflora has been changed into mixed forest by artificial affect in the long term. It was considered that Salix glandulosa in Palwang village grove must be indicated as legal protection tree according to present criteria of protection tree selection in Korea. And it is considered desirable that standing stone of penis form and village grove in Palwang village must be indicated unitedly as cultural conservation element.