• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 1999

Vegetation structure and distribution of the vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes, and the growth pattern, standing crop and amounts of nutrient uptake by Salix species were investigated in the upper stream wetlands of the Namgang-Dam, Chinju-city, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea from April to November in 1997. The flora was composed of 43 hydrophytes and 241 hygrophytes, or total 284 vascular plants. The life forms of the hydrophytes were classified as 27 kinds of emergent plants, 4 floating-leaved plants, 3 free-floating plants, and 9 submersed plants. In the herb layer, the dominant species was Persicaria hyciropiper, and the ranges of the species diversity indices (H'), equitabilities, (J') and community similarity indices (CCs) were 1.59~1.89, 0.87~0.96, and 0.35~0.83, respectively. In the shrub and subtree layers, 17 kinds of Salix species were supposed to the pioneer plants at the early stage of the succession. The number of branches per main stem of Salix species was 5.0. The DBH class-frequency histograms of Salix species were the reverse J type, and the natural regeneration of the Salix community was expected. Basal area of Salix species per square meter was $24.87cm^2$. Volume of Salix species per square meter was $12,008cm^3$ and total phytomass of the Salix species was estimated as 12,894 ton. Biomass distribution of Salix species in the stem, the branch and twig, and the leaf was 64.1%, 28.1%, and 7.8%, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by Salix species were 68,022 and 19,823 kg. It was recommended that application and conservation of the wetland and other counterplans are indispensable to reduce the adverse effects of water pollution and to preserve the wetland ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.298-306
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• 2010

We estimated aboveground primary productivity of Salix nipponica based on biomass using allometry and basal area at Janghang wetland in Han River estuary. In addition, we estimated secondary production of sesarmine crab (Sesarma dehaani) living under the Salix community to interpret relationships between Salix nipponica and Sesarma dehaani. Salix nipponica showed primary productivity of 4,777 g DW $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, which appear to be the highest primary productivity in South Korea. The estimated amount of autochthonous organic matter from S. nipponica and allochthonous organic matter from the Han River into sediment was 359 g C $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ and 347 g C $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The secondary productivity of Sesarma dehaani was 100.2 g FW $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, which was 2.1% of the primary productivity of S. nipponica. The biomass of Sesarma dehanni was average 140 g FW $m^{-2}$, which consumed their prey of approximately 2,140 g FW $yr^{-1}$, which is equivalent to approximately 208 g C $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2008

Salix koriyanagi is a deciduous shrub and native to Korea. The spatial distribution of multilocus allelic frequencies and geographical distances of the natural population in upper swampy area at the Namgang River in Korea were studied. The species showed a significant positive and negative spatial autocorrelation according to geographical distances as measured by Moran's I. Genetic similarity of individuals was found among subpopulations at up to a scale of a 12 m distance, and this was partly due to a combination of allelic frequencies, and therefore, a significant spatial autocorrelation was composed of a scale of 12 m intervals. Within S. koriyanagi in swampy area at the Namgang River, a strong spatial structure was observed for allozyme markers, indicating a migration within subpopulations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1465-1470
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• 2008

Salix koriyanagi is a deciduous shrub and native to Korea. The spatial distribution of multilocus allelic frequencies and geographical distances of the natural population in upper swampy area at the Namgang River in Korea were studied. The species showed a significant positive and negative spatial autocorrelation according to geographical distances as measured by Moran's I. Genetic similarity of individuals was found among subpopulations at up to a scale of a 12 m distance, and this was partly due to a combination of allelic frequencies, and therefore, a significant spatial autocorrelation was composed of a scale of 12 m intervals. Within S. koriyanagi in swampy area at the Namgang River, a strong spatial structure was observed for allozyme markers, indicating a migration within subpopulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2018

This study aims to compare and analyze a willow tree (Salix Koreensis andersson) extract's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by investigating its: total polyphenol, flavonoid content, SOD-like activity, DPPH vitality. the willow tree was induced with LPS to determine its active anti-inflammatory effects. as a result, the willow methanol extract showed a higher total polyphenol and flavonoid content than those of willow distilled water extract, but the willow distilled water extract showed a higher SOD than that of willow methanol extract. in its DPPH scavenging ability, the willow methanol extract's antioxidant activity was higher than that of the willow distilled water extract. the willow extract's measurements such as the production of NO, inflammatory cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 measurement) were significantly reduced as its concentration level went down. according to the research outcomes, when induced, he will extract's macrophage produces mediator-like substances such as NO and inflammatory cytokine that can be used to alleviate the inflammatory response. therefore, the willow tree proved to be a useful raw plant material for the products designed to combat inflammatory activities due to its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response substances such as NO and cytokine.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_2
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• pp.519-529
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• 1998

The vegetation of alpine and subalpine zone from timber line, 2,000m altitude, to the upper area of Mt. Packtu were investigated by phytosociological method. The plant distribution along to the different altitudes shown as follows: Betula ermani community with Rhododendron redowskianum occupied dominantly at 2,000m area as patch forms, Rhododendron redowskianum community with Vaccinium uliginosum, at 2,180-2,200m area, both Vaccinium uliginosum and Rhododendron redowskianum community were compatible with each other at 2,243m area. Rhododendron redowskianum community at 2,250, Salix rotundifolia community, Erigeron thunbergii var. glabrata community, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica community and Carex atrata community were occurred frequently at 2,263m around Chonji Lake. Rhododendron aureum, Thunbergii coccinea and V accinium uliginosum showed higher cover degree than other species at 2,370m area, Phyllodoce coerulea-Rhododendron aureum community at 2,400m, Rhododendron redowskianum community at 2,470m, Rhododendron aureum community at 2,490m, Salix rotundifolia at 2,520m, Rhododendron redowskianum community at 2,580m, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica community, Salix rotundifolia, and bistorta achotensis etc. at 2,650 altitude area were settled as sparse, creeping shape on the surface soil and dwarf plants of about 15cm heights.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

To develop restoration technologies of natural environment, which is destroyed through the urbanization, industrialization, and the increase of leisure industry, the development of environmental restoration material and those application is greatly needed. Concerning this current issue, an experiment has been conducted to test and an experiment has been conducted to test and analyze the conditions of nutritonal propagation of willow cutting, which is known as a plant with rapid propagation and good growth capability under bad soil conditions and its wide ecological amplitude. 24 various kinds of willow cuttings -2~6 cuttings for each species -were placed into the earth for 57 days and measured the lengths and the diameters of willow cuttings, the possibility of root formation, the total number, and the total length of new shoots and roots. 23 among 24 willow cuttings tested were showing a great growing capacity and a number of new shoots and roots were observed in a relatively short time. This proved that salix is an adequate plant material for quick environmental restoraton . Besides, those willow cuttings could be classified for different site conditions through comparing the ratio of the underground part to the aboveground in total length. The results are as follows; S. dependens, S. matsudana, S. babylonica are the most suitable species for quick vegetaton and S. gracilistyla,S. myricoides,S. alba 'sercia' for erosioni control.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 1989

The pollen morphology of 15 species, 2 varieties and 1 forma belonging to 6 sections of the subgenus Salix was investigated by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. From a pollen-morphological point of view, subgenus Salix is stenopalynous. Species from six sections have been distinguished on the basis of pollen morphology, and a key for their identification using pollen is presented. Based on pollen morphology, S. jessoensis(section Subalbae) is the most distinct of the species studied. Species of section Hurmboldtianae appear to be the most evolved in this subgenus with a closer relationship to section Amygdalinae than any other section of this subgenus.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2007

Nest density was determined and tree and soil characteristics around Nycticorax nycticorax breeding sites and non-breeding sites on Bamsum Island in Seoul were analyzed from May 2005 to October 2006 to identify breeding site preferences of N. nycticorax and the effects of N. nycticorax nesting density on nesting tree structure and soil characteristics. N. nycticorax preferred trees of low height ($3.5{\sim}6$ m) and small diameter at breast height in high density Salix communities. Excrement of heron juveniles was dropped on the soil under the nests. The soil nutrient content under nests (P: 126.0 mg/kg, N: 202.8 mg/kg, EC: 549 ${\mu}S/cm$, pH 4.7) was much higher than that of control soils from Bamsum Island not enriched by heron excrement (P: 41.5 mg/kg, N: 42.0 mg/kg, EC: 342 ${\mu}S/cm$, pH 5.1). Formation of Salix communities on the shores of Bamsum Island is ongoing, and their structure has been directly influenced by annual flooding. After flooding, the nutrient content differences between heron-affected soils and control soils were not significant. This might be the reason that Salix communities on Bamsum were not affected by nesting herons as in other terrestrial communities where herons nest. This result indicates that flooding plays an important role in sustaining Salix communities on Bamsum Island where herons nest. The results of this study may increase understanding of N. nycticorax breeding behavior which may be useful for conservation planning.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.957-967
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• 2013

High turbidity submersion due to torrential downpour is one of the factors that influences the plant growth. This study is focused on analyzing the plant's growth rate for Salix species such as gracilisyla, koreensis, glandulosa when these trees are waterlogged. The length of shoots for this control group in the natural state is 33.4% (gracilisyla), 24.3% (koreensis), 23.9% (glandulosa), however, they stopped growing in submersion. Compared to the leaf number of Salix species of this control group in the natural state, 144.5% (gracilisyla), 77.3% (koreensis), 40.3% (glandulosa) in the natural state 30 days, in 30 days submersion, the number of leaves is zero except koreensis. In the results of this experiment, Salix species stopped growing quickly when submersed. This study concludes that it is necessary to plant eco-friendly plants around the slope of the reservoir and dam where flooding takes place frequently.