• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2010

유럽 우주국 (ESA)에서 지구 탐사 계획의 일환으로 개발한 두 번째 위성인 SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) 위성이 지난 2009년 11월 발사되어 궤도에 안착, 운행 중에 있다. SMOS는 탑재된 L 대역 합성 개구형 라디오미터를 이용하여 상시 전지구적으로 토양 수분량과 해양 염도를 측정하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 통하여 지구의 물순환 및 기상, 기후 연구에 주요한 데이터를 얻을 수 있다. 본 글은 SMOS 발사와 관련된 개괄적인 연구 개발과 현재 운용 현황에 대해 설명한다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2008

A line x tester analysis was carried out in mulberry (Morns spp.) under different salinity levels to determine the changes in the genetic interaction of various morpho-biochemical characters. Five mulberry genotypes, 3 females and 2 males, differing in salt tolerance were selected for the study. Clones of these parents along with clones of the F1 hybrids were planted in earthen pots and subjected to different levels of salinity (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% NaCl). Data on morphological and biochemical characters were subjected to line x tester analysis. The result revealed significant variation among the parents studied. The prominence of non-additive gene effect under control condition suggests the need for well chalked out breeding program to exploit the non-fixable variance of components for improvement of plant height, leaf size and leaf yield, chlorophyll and photosynthesis in mulberry. However, under salinity stress a shift from non-additive gene effect to additive gene effect for the above said character further suggests the need for a change in breeding strategy. The general combining ability (GCA) analysis has identified English black as the best combiner among the parents and the specific combining ability analysis (SCA) found crosses of English black X C776 and Rotndiloba x Mandalaya were good for Plant height and leaf size and English black X C776 and Rotundiloba x C776 were good for biochemical proline and chlorophyll. From the performance of parents and their crosses under different salinity levels and also under normal cultural conditions it is concluded that in mulberry different approaches are required to develop varieties for the irrigated and saline conditions.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.200-200
• /
• 2017

Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses and severely impairs plant growth and production. Root is the first site for nutrient accumulation like as $Na^+$ in the plant. To investigate the response of wheat root under salinity stress, we executed the characterization of morphology and analysis of metabolites. Wheat seeds cv. Keumgang (Korean cultivar) were grown on the moist filter paper in Petri dish. After 5 days, seedlings were transferred to hydroponic apparatus at 1500 LUX light intensity, at $20^{\circ}C$ with 70% relative humidity in a growth chamber. Seedlings (5-day-old) were exposed to 50mM, 75mM, 100mM NaCl for 5 days. Ten-day-old seedlings were used for morphological characterization and metabolite analysis. Root and leaf length became shorter in high NaCl concentration compared to following NaCl treatment. For confirmation of salt accumulation, wheat roots were stained with $CoroNa^+$ Green AM, and fluoresce, and the image was taken by confocal microscopy. $Na^+$ ion accumulation rate was higher at 100mM compared to the untreated sample. Furthermore, to analyze metabolites in the wheat root, samples were extracted by $D_2O$ solvent, and extracted sample was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen metabolites were identified in wheat roots using NMR spectroscopy. Methanol and ethanol were up-regulated, whereas formate, aspartate, aminobutyrate, acetate and valine were down-regulated under salinity stress on roots of wheat. Fumarate had no change, while glucose, betaine, choline, glutamate and lactate were unevenly affected during salinity stress.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.1353-1361
• /
• 2008

Quality control of Argo(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography) data is crucial by reason that salinity measurements are liable to experience some drift and offset due to biofouling, contamination of sensor and wash-out of biocide. The automated Argo real-time quality control has a limit of sorting data quality, so that WJO program is adopted as standardized method of Argo delayed mode quality control (DMQc) in the world that is a precise quality control method. We conducted DMQC on pressure, temperature and salinity measured by Argo floats in the Pacific Ocean including expert evaluation. Particularly, salinity data were corrected using WJO program. 4 salinity profiles of Argo delayed mode were compared with nearby in situ CTD data and other Argo data in deep layer where oceanographic conditions are stable in time and space. The differences of both salinities were lower than target accuracy of Argo. As compared with the difference of salinities before DMQC, those after DMQC decreased by 60-80 percent. Quality of delayed mode salinity data seemed to be improved correcting salinity data suggested by WJO program.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.113-113
• /
• 2022

Salinity in surface waters is increasing around the world. Many factors, including increased water extraction, poor irrigation management, and sea-level rise, contribute to this change, and posing a threat to plant development and agricultural production. Seeds exposed to high salinity, have a lower probability of germinating and various physiological and biochemical effects. Salinity stress affects more than 20% of agricultural land and about 50% of irrigated land. In the current study, our objective is to identify the salt-tolerant peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Korean genotypes under salinity stress. Thus, two-week-old 19 diverse peanut Korean genotypes were exposed to 10 days of salinity (150 mM NaCl) stress. Based on the growth attributes investigation, Baekjung and Ahwon genotypes showed significantly higher shoot lengths compared to control plants. Whereas, the Sinpalwang genotype exhibited a significantly positive response for plant growth and reduced wilting symptoms compared to other genotypes. This study was able to find out peanut tolerant and sensitive genotypes for salt stress. These results may provide a good template for further salt-tolerant peanut cultivar improvement programs. Identified diverse salt-responsive genotypes can be utilized as source material in Korean breeding schemes for peanut crop improvement for salt and other abiotic stress tolerance.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2013

일반적으로 해양에서는 염분이 크게 변하지 않기 때문에 염분변화로 인한 음속변화는 무시할 수 있다. 그러나 제주 서부 해역에서는 매년 여름 저염분수의 영향으로 염분이 낮아지는 현상이 발생하여 표층 음속의 변화가 발생한다. 해양자료센터의 자료를 이용하여 제주 서부해역 세 정점에서의 30년(1980~2009) 자료 중 28 psu 이하의 저염분수가 발생한 해와 그렇지 않은 해의 수직분포를 각각 평균하여 음속분포를 구한 후에 수온과 염분에 의한 음속 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 저염분수 환경에서 염분에 의한 음속 변화는 표층에서 -5.36 m/s, 수심 10 m에서 -1.35 m/s 인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 표층 음속 감소로 인해 수심 약 5 m까지의 음속 수직 분포가 양(+)의 기울기를 갖게 되어 표층 염분채널이 형성되었으며 벨홉(Bellhop)모델을 이용한 음파전달 모의실험을 통해 이를 확인하였다. 30년간 표층채널 발생 동향을 분석한 결과 혼합층에서 압력에 의해 발생하는 정수채널은 9회, 저염분에 의해 발생하는 염분 채널은 5회로 나타났으며 염분 채널이 발생한 경우는 정수 채널에 비해 음선 임계각이 크게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 2010년 8월 1일 제주 서부해역에 발생하였던 저염분수의 공간적 분포를 측정한 자료에서도 일부 정점에서 염분채널이 형성되었다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2012

하구 및 감조 하천의 염분분포는 조석, 담수, 바람 그리고 지형적 효과와 같은 다양한 외력의 작용과 시스템의 결합에 의해서 독특한 특성을 보인다. 연안 및 하구지역에서 염분구조의 특성을 이해하는 것은 해양학적, 수질 생태학적 그리고 공학적 문제를 접근할 때 반드시 필요하다. 2007년 5월부터 6월까지 약 50일 동안 한강하구 염하수로의 남쪽과 북쪽입구 부근에서 수로방향의 염분분포를 파악하기 위해서 표층 염분을 관측하였다. 장기간의 염분 관측자료를 분석한 결과 장 단기적인 조석 변동과 담수에 따라서 염분의 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 담수유입량의 계절적 변화에 따른 염하수로의 주축방향 염분분포의 특성을 국립수산과학원의 국가해양관측망 자료를 분석하여 제시하였다. 담수유입량과 염분분포의 관계를 비선형 회귀식을 사용하여 제시하였고, 조석과 담수유입량 그리고 지형적 영향을 고려한 염분침입 거리의 경험식을 제시하였다. 지형학적 영향까지 고려한 염분침입 거리의 경험식과 기존 문헌자료의 염분분포를 비교할 때 연구지역의 염분분포는 조석, 담수의 영향과 함께 지형적 영향에 의해서도 염수침입 한계 지점 및 염분분포의 구조적 특성이 변한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Considered the "national fish" in Korea, the walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) has disappeared in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), a main habitat and fishing ground for the species. The reason for the disappearance is still a matter of controversy. This study was performed to investigate the long-term relationship between the walleye pollock catch and various meteorological and oceanographic factors in these waters. Methods: Fishery data on walleye pollock and data on meteorological and marine environmental factors over the 30 years (1981-2010) were obtained from the official national database. Time series analysis and correlation and regression analyses were performed to study the relationships. Results: Both air temperature and sea surface temperature in the East Sea rose over these 30 years, and the latter became more prominent. Salinity and dissolved oxygen showed a tendency to decrease while concentrations of nutrients such as nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen showed an increasing tendency. Sea surface temperature, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind grade were negatively correlated with the catch size of walleye pollock (p<0.05), but salinity was positively correlated (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that climate change, especially ocean warming, affected the habitat of walleye pollock. The results also indicate that lower sea surface and air temperatures, milder wind grade, and higher salinity were preferred for the survival of the fish species. It is necessary to pay attention to changes of the ocean ecosystem in terms of environmental pollution as well as seawater temperature.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.339-347
• /
• 2009

It is possible to obtain accurate temperature and salinity profiles of the oceans using a SBE 911plus CTD and accompanying data conversion packages. To obtain highly accurate results, CTD data needs to be carefully processed in addition to proper and regular maintenance of the CTD itself. Since the manufacturer of the CTD provides tools that are necessary for post processing, it is possible to conduct proper processing without too much effort. Some users, however, are not familiar with all of the processes and inadvertently ignore some of these processes at the expense of data quality. To draw attention to these and other similar issues, we show how it is possible to improve data quality by utilizing a few extra processes to the standard or default data process procedures with CTD data obtained from the equatorial Eastern Pacific between 2001 and 2005, and 2007. One easy step that is often ignored in the standard data process procedure is "wild edit", which removes abnormal values from the raw data. If those abnormal values are not removed, the abnormality could spread vertically during subsequent processes and produce abnormal salinity in a range much wider than that of the raw data. To remove spikes in salinity profiles the "align CTD" procedure must be carried out not with the default values included in the data processing software but with a proper time constant. Only when "cell thermal mass" correction is conducted with optimal parameters, we can reduce the difference between upcast and downcast, and obtain results that can satisfy the nominal accuracy of the CTD.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2006

이어도 종합해양과학기지에 설치된 해양환경모니터링시스템을 이용하여 얻은 수온과 염분 자료를 이용하여 이어도 기지주변의 해수 특성과 양자강에서 유출되는 저염분수의 특징, 태풍에 의한 해수 성질 변화를 파악하였다. 수온은 정확도가 매우 높은 반면, 염분자료의 정확도와 안정도는 비교적 낮았다. 여름철 표층에서 강하게 나타나는 수온과 염분의 일변화는 태양일사량의 변화 이외에도 조석에 의한 수층의 수직운동에 의해서 발생하였다. 계절변화는 수온자료에서만 발견되었다. 염분의 가장 큰 변화 원인은 양자강에서 유입되는 담수로 약 $3{\sim}4$일 사이에 최대 8 psu 정도의 변화를 일으킨다. 2003년 8월과 2004년 8월 제주도 남서부 해역에서 저염분수가 발견되기 약 10일 전에 이어도 기지에서도 저염분수가 관측되었으나, 2005년 7월에는 이어도 기지에서만 저염분수가 관측되었다. 즉, 이어도 기지를 통과한 저염분수가 반드시 제주도 근해까지 확장하지는 않는다. 2003년 9월과 2004년 8월에 강력한 태풍이 이어도 기지 근처를 지나갔는데, 태풍에 의한 영향은 약 $3{\sim}4$일 간 지속되었다.