• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1976

동물에 대한 생리적 염류용액은 소위 링가씨액으로서 냉혈척추동물의 신경근육 심장등을 비교적 정상에 가까운 상태로 지속시키기 위한 용액으로 개구리 (Frog)의 심장의 관수실험을 하기 위하여 처방한 최초의 생리적 염류용액에 지나지 않았지만 현실에 있어서는 몇몇 동물은 물론 사람에 이르기까지 거의 완전한 생리적 용액으로 되어 있는데 가잠에 있어서는 몇가지 처방이 발표된 바는 있어도 아직 그 결과가 만족할 만한 정도에까지는 이르지 못하고 있다. 일반적으로 생리적 염류용액은 전술한 바와 같이 적출한 기관과 조직에 대하여 장시간에 걸친 정상적 기능을 유지시키기 위한 용액으로 사용되는 염류의 혼합용액이기 때문에 적당한 Ion조성 삼투압 PH를 갖도록 조제된다. 대개 생기내에서 이들의 기관과 조직을 적시는 혈청등 체액성분에 근사한 것을 사용한다. 용액의 Ion성분은 $Na^{＋}$을 비롯하여 $K^{＋}$, $Ca^{＋＋}$, $Mg^{＋＋}$ 등을 가하고 여기에 NaHCO$_3$, NaH$_2$PO$_4$등의 연형제를 첨가하므로서 PH를 조절한다. 생리적 염류용액중에 포함하여야 할 Cation의 최적농도 2종 이상의 Cation의 최적혼합비율등에 대하여 가잠유충의 배맥관 운동을 지표로 하여 이를 검토하였다. 각 Cation의 최적농도는 영점미만의 NaCl의 함유액을 기본으로 하고 여기에 각각 농도를 달리한 KCl, CaCl$_2$및 MgCl$_2$등을 조합하여 이들의 액체를 적하하므로서 5령유충의 배맥관 운동의 지속시간과 맥박수를 지표로 하여 이들 시험액의 효과를 검토한 바에 의하면 NaCl 단독일 경우에는 해부후 일시적으로 맥박수는 증가하지만 점차 정지되고 만다(일시간정도). 여기에 대하여 KCI를 가하면 일반적으로 박동시간이 연장되고 맥박수의 저하도 늦어지는 경향을 나타내고 있으며 여기에 다시 KCl와 CaCl$_2$를 가하면 그 지속시간은 더 한층 연장되었다. KCI와 CaC1$_2$의 가용은 효과가 있지만 이들의 농도와 배맥관의 활동에 있어서는 일정한 경향이 인정되지 않았고 $Ca^{＋＋}$ 또는 $K^{＋}$의 박동에 대한 작용은 이것을 분명히 할 수 없었고 $Mg^{＋＋}$의 작용에 있어서는 배맥관에 이를 가하면 박동 지속시간에는 영향을 끼치지 않지만 맥박수는 크게 저하됨을 인정할 수 있었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

본 연구는 콘택트렌즈를 사용하는 사람들을 대상으로 렌즈 보존케이스의 위생상태를 조사하기 위해 마산의 N 안경원을 내원한 고객을 대상으로 사용실태에 대한 교환한 보존케이스의 세균검출여부를 실험을 통한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 보존케이스소독방법은 15~19세는 식염수(43.6%), 20~24세도 식염수(33.3%), 25세 이상은 끓는물(26.3%)이 가장 많이 사용하는 방법으로 나타났고(p< .001), 신분별로는 학생은 식염수, 전문보존용액, 하지않는다 순이었고 일반인은 식염수, 끓는물, 하지않는다 순이었다(p< .001). 2) 보존케이스세척액종류는 주로 식염수를 많이 사용하고 있었으며 특히, 경제수준별로는 가장 많이 이용하는 식염수가 상에서는 85.7%, 중에서는 48.0%, 하에서는 44.4%로 나타났다(p< .01). 3) 보존케이스보존액종류는 신분별로 학생은 전문보존용액이 74.6%, 식염수가 25.4%였고 일반인은 전문보존용액이 64.2%, 식염수 32.1%, 생수와 수돗물이 각각 1.9% 순이었다(p< .05). 4) 보존케이스 총 70개 중 66개(94.3%)에서 박테리아가 검출되었고 33개(47.1%)의 보존케이스에서 Serratia marcescens가 분리되었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1976

Using modified technique of Schmidt et al, as described previously (Korean J. Pharmacol 9 : 17, 1973), the stomach of female rats were perfused with physiological saline under urethane anesthesia. The acid-secretory response of the perfused stomach to i.v. hypertonic glucose (50%), casein hydrolysate (20%) or saline (6%) solution were studied with or without histamine or methacholine stimulation. A significant decrease of acid secretion from the rat stomach was induced by i.v. hypertonic glucose or saline solution. The histamine-stimulated acid secretion was also decreased by simultaneous administration of the hypertonic glucose or saline. However, methacholine-stimulated acid response was not affected by the hypertonic glucose. Intravenous infusion of 20% casein hydrolysate solution resulted in an increase in acid output from the stomach under histamine stimuli. These results lead to the conclusion that the inhibitory responses of acid secretion due to i.v. hypertonic glucose solution are brought through the effect of histaminergic, not cholnergic mechanism(s) in the gastric secretion.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the potency-stabilizing effects of two different diluents of botulinum toxin A (10% dextrose solution and 0.9% saline). Methods: A mouse lethality bioassay was undertaken. Ninety mice were divided into experimental and control groups which received varying dosages in subgroups of 10. The experimental group was injected with botulinum toxin A diluted with 10% dextrose solution and the control group was injected with botulinum toxin A diluted with 0.9% saline. A 72 hours after intraperitoneal injection, the number of dead mice was counted to confirm median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of each group. Results: The value of $LD_{50}$ in the experimental group was approximately 0.131 mL (1.31 U) and the value of $LD_{50}$ in the control group was approximately 0.107 mL (1.07 U). The potency preservation rate of the experimental group was estimated to be 93.5% and that of the control group was estimated to be 76.3%. Conclusions: Dilution with 10% dextrose solution displayed less potency loss than 0.9% saline.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.518-522
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• 2005

목 적 : 급성 세기관지염에 대한 치료로 보조 요법에 더해 기관지 확장제 흡입치료의 효과가 많이 보고되고 있다. 세기관지의 폐색에는 평활근의 수축이 관여하지만 어린 영아에서는 기관지 점막의 부종과 점액이나 상피세포 탈락물의 축적이 더 중요한 원인이기에, 본 질환으로 입원한 영아에서 ${\beta}_2$ 자극제와 정상 식염액을 혼합하여 흡입하는 대신, 점막 부종을 감소시키고 기도 축적물의 제거를 향상시킬 수 있는 고장성 식염액을 혼합하여 흡입했을 때의 치료효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 10월부터 2004년 5월까지 본원에 급성 세기관지염으로 입원한 1세 미만 환아 83명을 대상으로 하였다. 환아는 무작위로 두 그룹으로 나뉘어 입원과 동시에 초기 상태 평가가 이루어진 후 흡입 치료를 받았다. 치료는 이중 맹검법을 사용하여 fenoterol 2 mL(0.5 mg)에 0.9% saline solution 2 mL를 혼합하거나 fenoterol 2 mL에 3% saline solution 2 mL를 혼합하여 네뷰라이져로 6시간 간격으로 하루 4회 흡입하도록 하였다. 24, 48, 72시간째 흡입 전과 흡입 후 20분에 각각의 임상평가 점수를 측정하여 시간의 경과에 따른 변화를 검토하였고, 두 군의 총 입원일수도 비교하였다. 결 과 : 입원 72시간 동안, 두 그룹의 흡입 치료 직전의 임상평가 점수는 각각 시간이 지남에 따라 통계학적으로 유의하게 향상되었으며(P<0.05), 이는 3% 식염액 흡입군에서 유의하게 더 현저하였다(P<0.05). 평균 입원 일수는 0.9% 식염액 흡입군과 3% 식염액 흡입군 각각에서 $7.4{\pm}2.0$일과 $5.9{\pm}1.9$일로 두군간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 흡입 치료와 관련된 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 급성 세기관지염으로 입원한 영아의 치료에서 3% saline solution에 혼합한 fenoterol 흡입 치료는 0.9% saline solution에 혼합한 fenoterol에 비해 더 효과적으로 임상 증상을 호전시켰다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2000

Efficacy of a 1% solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) infu7ed into the peritoneal cavity of dogs was evaluated for prevention of intraperitoneal adhesion, resulting from operations of the reproductive tract. Saline-treated deles (n = 5) were controls that underwent ventral midline celiotomy, and adhesions were cleated by incision and scraping about 5 cm segment of each uterine horn. Saline (7 ml/kg of body weight) was then infused into the peritoneal cavity. Others (n = 5) were treaded similarly to the saline-treated dogs. except that 1% SCMC :solution (7mH/kg of body weight) was infused into the peritoneal cavity. This group was studied to determine whether SCHC would prevent the adhesions in the peritoneal cavity, especially in the uterine horn model. Abdominal adhesions were evaluated and an adhesion severity score was assigned to each dog on the basis of severity of adhesions. At the time of necropsy. the mean adhesion score in the saline treated group was $2.65{\pm}0.22.$ In contrast, adhesion formation in the SCMC treated group was less ($mean score =1.70{\pm}0.26$). Statistic71 analysis was performed using the grouped t-test and paired t-test. A significanlty lower adhesion score was observed in dogs given SCMC than in the saline treated group (P<0.01). In summary, SCMC significantly reduced adhesion formation in the dog uterine horn model. The results of this study suggest that application of 1% SCMC solution, following various reproductive pelvic surgery, will present the adhesions.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of gargling with A-Solution and 0.9% normal saline on xerostomia, halitosis, and salivary pH among nursing students. Methods: The study design was a randomized, controlled trial. The experimental group received oral gargling treatment for 15 seconds with A-solution while the control group received oral gargling treatment for the same time with 0.9% normal saline. Outcome variables were measured at baseline, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. Results: The groups were homogeneous in general characteristics, and the outcome variables before the treatment between the experimental group and the control group. 1) There were no significant differences in xerostomia, halitosis, and salivary pH between the two groups. 2) There were no significant differences in xerostomia, halitosis, and salivary pH based on the time. 3) There were significant interactions between group and time in subjective halitosis (F=3.766, p=.034) only. Conclusion: These findings indicate that oral gargling with Aroma solution and 0.9% normal saline could have the same effect of reducing xerostomia and halitosis in nursing students.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Honeybee venom (BV) from Apis mellifera L. has been used as natural antimicrobial compounds in pigs, cows, dairy cattle and chicken farms in Korea. The purpose of this study was conducted to confirm homogeneity and stability of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution. Melittin was analyzed with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for BV to secure the validation of analysis. BV at concentration of 1 mg/mL was dissolved with distilled water or saline solution at room temperature. Homogeneity of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution at upper, milddle, and lower layers all satisfied the accuracy and precision criteria. Stability of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution for 7 days all satisfied the criterion both light and dark storage condition. BV has satisfied with homogeneity and stability in distilled water or saline solution at room temperature under light or dark condition. The results of this study suggest that BV has a possibility as the substitute of natural antimicrobial agents for the animal drugs and feed additives.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was done to investigate the effects of oral care using 0.12% chlorhexidine and saline solution on oral status, incidence of oral pathogens and pneumonia among children who had cardiac surgery. Methods: The study participants were 84 children who underwent cardiac surgery and were admitted to the SICU of a university hospital. Oral care was provided with 0.12% chlorhexidine to the experimental group (n=43) and with saline solution to the control group (n=41), 3 times a day for 3 days. Before and after the intervention, the oral status, oral swab culture, and CPIS were checked. Results: There was no significant difference in oral status score between the two groups. The incidence of oral pathogens in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=-5.780, p<.001). The CPIS in experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (t=-3.665, p<.001). Conclusion: The oral care with 0.12% Chlorhexidine is more effective than with only saline solution for reducing incidence of oral pathogens and pneumonia.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1984

This experimental study was made to evaluate the efficacy of root canal preparation of engine reamer versus hand reamer. Eighty extracted human teeth were prepared with the following treatments and devided into 4 groups; Group 1: Canal preparation with hand reamer, and irrigation with normal saline solution. Group 2: Canal preparation with engine reamer, and irrigation with normal saline solution. Group 3: Canal preparation with hand reamer, and irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Group 4: Canal preparation with engine reamer, and irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide and irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. After decalcification, 5p. sections at levels 1-, 3-, and 5-mm from the apex were evaluated microscopically. The results were as follows; The effectiveness of hand reamer and engine reamer were equal in preparing the root canal at all levels from the apex, and were equal in normal saline solution groups, and 3% $H_2O_2$ and 3.5% NaOCl solution groups. Both in hand reaming groups and in engine reaming groups, some canal walls had still untouched portion, and canal irregularities and debris were still remained.