• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.209-230
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to have a main change of korea logistics industry analysis and take in the whole situation and the characteristics about a logistics firms. In korean logistics industry, The rate of a carriage is among the low-level as compared with the increasingly high prices for diesel. besides, a national logistics cost and the sales in the transportation industry has increased steadily. On the other hand, the number of trucks and transfer companies has decreased steadily. This change is attributed to expansion of logistics firm size through the limit on a raise in the number of trucks and introduction of a direct consignment system. But medium and small logistics firm size is dwindling in numbers. In the meantime, 2PL since early 2000s has rapidly rose as powerful players in logistics industry by a strong Support of the parent companies. Government and academia have long noted the limit and problems of 2PL system and emphasize on the necessity of activating the 3PL system. So this study divided broadly into two groups that the primary characteristics of korea logistics industry are 2PL and 3PL. Through the results of this study, the management and financial perspectives mean that there is a considerable difference between 2PL and 3PL.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.57-64
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• 2018

Purpose - With the rapid economic development, great changes have happened in the Chinese beer market. The scale of imported beer is increasing. However, the sales of native Chinese beer decrease in recent years. It is because more Chinese customers prefer beer with unique attributes than those with lower prices. In order to take an advantage in this market, practitioners should develop new products to satisfy Chinese customers. Scholars have also focused on beer characteristics to estimate consumers' behavior for improving the development of beer industry. However, most studies are theoretically centered on marketing strategy management or general understanding of the market. It is not enough for us to explain customers' consumption patterns. Some empirical research did attempt to find out beer attributes that may influence their choice behavior. However, they failed to verify what can increase customers' utility through a new product. More importantly, few evidences can be found in the literature. Therefore this study explores the major characteristics of imported beer which may associate with customers' preferences. Research design, data, and methodology - With the results of literature review and focus group interview, we found out four main imported beer attributes and the levels of each factor. A pre-test is constructed to check the problems in the questionnaire protocol. With the results of pre-test, the revised questionnaire is processed among customers who have purchased and had imported beer in China regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and so on. The choice-based conjoint analysis is applied to analyze the useful data of 205. Results - Results indicate that choice-based conjoint analysis is the effective method to estimate customers' choice behavior. Results also indicate that country of origin, price, taste, and package affect customers' preference and the importances of imported beer attributes are significantly different. Conclusions - Country of origin, price, taste, and package are important for customers to make an imported beer choice decision. Marketers should consider these determinants and their importance to develop new products. Moreover, choice-based conjoint analysis should be the useful method for practitioners to develop a new product of imported beer for sustainable business in the competitive industry.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.18
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• pp.27-62
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• 2002

The international sale contract is the central contracts in export-import transactions. A good sale contract or set of general conditions of sale will cover all the principal elements of the transaction, so that uncertainties are avoided. The parties' respective duties as concern the payment mechanism, transport contract and insurance responsibilities, inter alia, will all be clearly detailed in the contract. The following key clauses should be included in international contracts of sale and general conditions of sale: ${\bullet}$ preamble ${\bullet}$ identification of parties ${\bullet}$ description of goods ${\bullet}$ price and payment conditions ${\bullet}$ delivery periods and conditions ${\bullet}$ inspection of the goods - obligations and limitations ${\bullet}$ quantity or quality variations in the products delivered ${\bullet}$ reservation of title and passing of property rights ${\bullet}$ transfer of risk - how accomplished ${\bullet}$ seller's warranties and buyer's complaints ${\bullet}$ assignment of rights ${\bullet}$ force majeure clause and hardship clause ${\bullet}$ requirement that amendments and modifications be in writing ${\bullet}$ choice of law ${\bullet}$ choice of dispute resolution mechanism Under most systems of law, a party can be excused from a failure to perform a contract obligation which is caused by the intervention of a totally unforeseeable event, such as the outbreak of war, or an act of God such as an earthquake or hurricane. Under the American commercial code (UCC) the standard for this relief is one of commercial impracticability. In contrast, many civil law jurisdictions apply the term force majeure to this problem. Under CISG, the standard is based on the concept of impediments to performance. Because of the differences between these standards, parties might be well advised to draft their own force majeure, hardship, or excusable delays clause. The ICC publication, "Force Majeure and Hardship" provides a sample force majeure clause which can be incorporated by reference, as well as a hardship clause which must be expressly integrated in the contract. In addition, the ICC Model provides a similar, somewhat more concise formulation of a force majeure clause. When the seller wishes to devise his own excusable delays clause, he will seek to anticipate in its provision such potential difficulties as those related to obtaining government authorisations, changes in customs duties or regulations, drastic fluctuations in labour, materials, energy, or transportation prices, etc.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.254-279
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• 2016

Recently, with the conversion towards knowledge-based economy era, the importance of the evaluation for patent valuation has been growing rapidly because technology transactions are increasing with the purpose of practically utilizing R&D outcomes such as technology commercialization and technology transfer. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on determinants of patent valuation by analyzing technology transactions due to the difficulty of collecting data in practice. Hence, to suggest quantitative determinants for the patent valuation which could be applied to scoring methods, 15 patent valuation models domestically and overseas are analysed in order to assure the objectiveness for subjective results from qualitative methods such as expert surveys, comparison assessment, etc. Through this analysis, the important 6 common determinants are drawn and patent information is matched which can be used as proxy variables of individual determinant factors by advanced researches. In addition, to validate whether the model proposed has a statistically meaningful effect, total 517 technology transactions are collected from both public and private technology transaction offices and analysed by multiple regression analysis, which led to significant patent determinant factors in deciding its value. As a result, it is herein presented that patent connectivity(number of literature cited) and commercialization stage in market influence significantly on patent valuation. The meaning of this study is in that it suggests the significant quantitative determinants of patent valuation based on the technology transactions data in practice, and if research results by industry are systematically verified through seamless collection of transaction data and their monitoring, we would propose the customized patent valuation model by industry which is applicable for both strategic planning of patent registration and achievement assessment of research projects (with representative patents).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.469-481
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• 2012

The demand for small-sized housing has been increasing due to the recession of real-estate price and the increase of small-sized households. Especially, the demand for affordable housing has been increasing since the style of housing and the location fits the lifestyle of small-sized household. In addition, many investors have been buying it because it has advertised as an investment property holding high-return ratio. However, an empirical analysis about the selling price and the return ratio has not been done yet. Therefore, the purpose of the research is having the empirical analysis based on the selling price and return ration by examining the affordable housing in Seoul. The urban-life housing more than 50 generations of the Seoul was irradiated for the analysis. And the linear regression analysis and PLS(Partial Least Square Regression) analysis was used for the empirical analysis. The result of analysis, based on the linear regression analysis, showed that factors including neighboring housing price and subway catchment area have a significant effect to the determinant factors of housing price. The analysis for return ratio showed neighboring housing price, subway catchment area and amenities affects the ratio. Especially, the fault of using small sample was covered by using the partial least square regression in this research.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.277-281
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• 2012

This work is concerned with a plan for preventing accidents of CO gas leak from gas boilers, involving the enforcement of installations of both CO alarm system and condensing boilers, and financial support of government grants. If amongst 1,460,000 beneficiaries of basic livelihood security, one million households in use of gas boilers receive 3-year support of 200,000 won, the difference of prices between common and condensing boilers, the government grants would be 2,000 billion won. If 3 million common householders are in 3-year support of 100,000 won, government grants would be 3,000 billion won. Therefore, 3-year grand total of government grants would be 5,000 billion won. Finance for government grants can be purveyed from energy saving; yearly 2,000 billion won of energy saving by enforcing to replace one million existing boilers with condensing boilers, leading to 2 trillion won of energy saving for 10 years. In this way, 6,000 billion won of 3-year grand total of government grants for CO alarm system and condensing boilers can be purveyed. The rest amount would be fundraised for energy savings. We claim that our proposal can make an achievement of more than 50% reduction of CO leak accidents during 10 years.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 2008

Last decade, Korea's export scale has resulted in remarkably increasing tendency, and the Korean construction firms(KCFs)' activities on the global markets also have been revitalized. Therefore, this paper analyze a correlation between changes in the oversee market conditions and firms' competitiveness focused on plant business. The aim of this paper is to analyze the internal competency change of the KCFs on the global markets in the past 5 years and to find gap of internal competencies between KCFs and outstanding foreign firms. From a survey analysis this paper found that the external impacts on the global markets(changes of exchange rates, raw materials prices, supply-demand conditions, etc.) have highly influenced the sales amount of the KCFs. But the impacts to change the operating profit have been analyzed as not important. So it is necessary to reinforce the KCF's internal competencies rater than expecting an improvement of the external conditions. Also, the KCFs should strengthen the design engineering as a core competency.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

This study targets four Soho fashion shopping malls that are operating successfully in the online fashion market. This study analyzed the entrepreneurship process by dividing it into three stages. The results of the case study are as follows. In the case of Company S, the founder, who had little work experience, started an e-commerce business with a sense of fashion and entrepreneurship. It is a contemporary, casual brand with competitive prices, design power, and diverse product assortment, and the business performance was achieved through data management and analysis and the diversification of distribution channels. In the case of Company B, the founder, who had little work experience, started a manufacturing and e-commerce business by leveraging their SNS network capabilities and entrepreneurial spirit. It is a contemporary fashion brand with product competitiveness of specific items and start-up characteristics, and performance was achieved through the establishment of brand identity and market expansion. Third, Company M and Company C are examples of Soho fashion shopping malls where the founders with more extensive work experience at the time of founding their respective start-ups focused on brand recognition as their core competitiveness. In the case of Company M, the apparel brand was launched with a wealth of experience and design spirit. It is a fashion designer brand that stands out for its sensibility, and the owner has achieved performance through various entrepreneurial activities that broaden the corporate horizon. Company C is a manufacturing and e-commerce brand that was started with design capabilities and an entrepreneurial spirit. It is a luxury fashion brand that focuses on emotional expression, and the outcomes, such as brand recognition and sales, were achieved through active customer management. The results of this study can be used as basic data in education for and research of Soho shopping malls and the prospective founders.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2023

As global growth has gradually declined, the Customer to Customer (C2C) market has expanded. And the growth potential of the C2C market is getting higher than in the past. Therefore, in this study, we examined what factors affect the price of used products within the C2C market. In order to examine the factors, we used data provided by Kaggle, which is a data science platform, and Mercari, Japan's largest C2C community marketplace platform. In research methods, the characteristics of the products were selected such as product categories, product status, shipping costs, product brands, and the data were analyzed using a linear mixing model to predict the price of C2C used goods. As a result, the variable that most affected the price was the shipping cost. When the seller paid for the shipping cost, the price would drop more than if the buyer had to pay. This study has been shown that the shipping costs is also an important factor in the used market, which can provide practical implications for customers of real transactions.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

When a channel is vertically separated, there can be inefficiencies, double marginalization. Channel coordination to amend this inefficiency has been an important issue in marketing and economics. Channel coordination deals with maximization of joint profit and achieving proper profit sharing among participants. In this paper, a manufacturer and heterogeneous multiple retailers with exclusive territory are assumed, and channel coordination with two-part tariff is considered. When multiple heterogeneous retailers are assumed, profit sharing can be an issue even though the tariffs based on marginal cost can maximize joint profit. In case of multiple heterogeneous retailers, the manufacturer earns the same profit (fixed fee) from each retailer. This means that a large retailer occupies all the gaps of channel profit between small and large markets. Then, the manufacturer, which generally plays the role of Stackelberg leader, will consider increasing fixed price or marginal price to earn more profit from large retailer. Those reactions can sacrifice maximization of joint profit by making small retailer withdraw or by changing the sales quantities. In this paper, to maximize joint profit and achieve proper profit sharing, two kinds of optional tariffs are considered. The first is an optional two-part tariff based on marginal cost and the second is an optional modified two-part tariff in which marginal prices are higher than the manufacturer's marginal cost. In both types of optional tariffs, maximization of joint profit in each market can be achieved. Moreover, optional tariffs alleviate the problem of profit sharing. Optional tariffs can provide a manufacturer more profit from a large retailer when profit from a small retailer is given. However, the analysis shows that the maximum share of manufacturer from a large retailer is restricted by the condition for self-selection. In case of optional two-part tariffs based on marginal cost, if the gap between demands is large, the maximum share of the manufacturer is sufficient to achieve proper profit sharing. If the gap between demands is not sufficiently large, the manufacturer cannot earn sufficient share from increased profit. An optional modified two-part tariff where marginal price is more than marginal cost of manufacturer is considered because of this scenario. The marginal price above the marginal cost may additionally control the distribution of the increased profit. However, the analysis shows that a manufacturer's maximum profit from a large retailer with given profit from a small retailer is the same as or lower than the maximum profit when optional two-part tariffs based on marginal cost are applied. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optional modified tariffs do not have additional contribution to profit sharing relative to the tariffs based on marginal cost. Although this paper does not cover all kinds of optional tariffs that are different from tariffs based on marginal cost, it shows the advantage of optional tariffs based on marginal cost and has important theoretical implications. The result of this paper also gives guide for channel coordination. Optional two-part tariff based on marginal cost can increase efficiency in channel coordination.