• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2002

홍화씨의 식품재료적 가치를 높이는 기초적 연구의 일환으로 추출용매와 볶음조건의 확립 및 유효성분 등을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전처리조건에 따른 홍화씨 추출물의 고형분 함량은 60% ethanol 농도, 19$0^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 볶음 처리 구 및 amylogucosidase 처리구에서 매우 높은 함량의 고형분이 추출되었다. 총페놀 함량은 ehtanol의 농도가 증가함에 따라 큰 증가를 보였고 ethanol 농도 80%, 17$0^{\circ}C$, 30분과 21$0^{\circ}C$, 30분처리구 및 amyloglucosidase 처리구와 celluase 처리구에서 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 총 flavonoid 함량은 80% ethanol 처리구, 21$0^{\circ}C$, 30분과 21$0^{\circ}C$, 20분 처리구 및 amyloglucosidase와 cellulase 처리구에서 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 유리당 조성은 sucrose가 주요 당이었고 xylose와 araginose가 미량으로 확인되었으며, 주요 유기산으로는 citric, oxalic, malic 및 fumaric acid가 확인되었고, 60% ethanol처리구에서 대체적으로 많은 양의 유기산을 함유하고 있었다. 항산화 효과를 가지고 있는 serotonin 유도체인 serotonin(N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]ferulamide)과 serotonin II(N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3yl)ethyl]-p-coumaramide)의 함량은 ethanol의 농도가 증가함에 따라 높은 증가를 나타내었고, 특히 60% ethanol 용액에서 매우 높은 함량을 보였다. Acacetin의 함량은 볶음 온도와 시간의 증가에 따라 대체로 큰 폭으로 증가하였고 21$0^{\circ}C$, 30분 처리구에서 69.47mg%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2002

볶은 홍화씨 열수추출분말을 첨가한 쿠키의 제조 및 품질 특성 등은 다음과 같다. 열수추출분말은 수분 4.7%, 조지방 6.5%, 조회분 15.6%, 조단백질 32.6%로 구성되었고, oleic acid, linoleic acid 등의 불포화지방산을 많이 함유하고 있었다. 유리아미노산은 asparagine과 arginine의 함량이 각각 12.69, 2.21 mg/g으로 매우 높게 함유되어 있었고, K과 Mg이 주된 무기질 성분이었다. 쿠키 제품의 색은 열수추출분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값이 감소하였고 a값은 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 제품의 물성특성 중 견고성은 열수추출분말 첨가구가 분쇄분말 첨가구 보다는 낮았고 무첨가구 보다는 다소 높은 수준이었다. 쿠키의 두께는 분쇄분말 첨가구가 두께가 가장 얇았고, 열수추출분말 첨가구는 무첨가구 보다 다소 두꺼웠고, 0.3% 열수추출분말 첨가구가 가장 두껍게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과에서는 씹힘성, 경도, 바삭바삭함은 열수추출분말 첨가구의 경우는 거의 유사하고 분쇄분말 첨가구는 다소 높게 나타났다. 기호도 중 냄새항목에서 0.5% 열수추출분말 첨가구가 가장 높은 경향이었고, 외관, 맛 및 조직감은 0.1% 열수추출분말 첨가구가 가장 높은 수준이었다. 전체적인 기호도는 0.1% 열수추출분말 첨가구 제품이 가장 우수한 관능적 특성을 나타내었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate therapeutic effects of Carthami Semen, Paeoniae Raidx extracts and chitosan on the growth and differentiation of human periodontal ligament cell. We found that co-treatment of methanol extracts of Carthami Semen and chitosan significantly increased the growth of human periodontal ligament cell. However, the sigle treatment groups of the extracts showed only 20-30% of the growth increase. Alkaline phosphase activity, one of differentiation markers, was increased approximately 1.5- fold by co-treatment of methanol extract of Carthami Semen and chitosan and calcified nodule formation was also increased at the similar levels as the alkaline phosphatase. But the single treatment groups showed only 20-30% increases. These results suggest that Carthami Semen and chitosan co-treatment can be used efficiently for periodontium regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2005

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and the repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and methods of treatment to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in traditional medicine. Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract(SSE) have long clinically used in Korea to promote bone formation and prevent osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SSE on bone formation in human osteoblastic cell line. Human fetal osteoblastic cell line(hFOB 1.19) was cultured with DMEM and SSE($1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $1mg/ml$) at $34^{\cdot}C$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity. The proliferation, differentiation of the cell was evaluated by several experiments. Cell proliferation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 3 and 7 days incubation(p<0.05). Cell spreading assay was significantly increased at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE after 3 days and $1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 7 days(p<0.05). Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP) level was significantly increased in $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). Collagen synthesis was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). A quantified calcium accumulation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE(p<0.05). ALP and osteocalcin mRNA was expressed in $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE by RT-PCR. These results indicate that SSE are capable of increasing osteoblasts mineralization and may play an important role in bone formation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2000

홍화(Carthamus tinctorius L.)의 씨. 순 및 꽃잎의 수용성 및 메탄올 추출물에 대하여 in vitro 실험계에서 항산화 활성을 비교 검토하였다. 성장기 흰쥐의 뇌 micro-some을 이용한 생테막 지질 과산화 억제정도는 꽃잎 수용성 추출물(97.19%)>순 메탄올 추출물(81.38%)>꽃잎 메탄올 추출물(64.99%)>씨 메탄올 추출물(64.95%) 순으로 나타났다. Limoleic acid 산화 실험계에서는 홍화씨 메탄올 추출물과 홍화씨 수용성 추출물에서 비교적 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. DPPH 에 의한 수소공여능은 특히 순의 0.1% 메탄올 추출물에서 매우 높은 수소공여작용이 나타나 대조구인 BHT와 거의 비슷한 수준의 항산화 활성을 보였다. 이들 추출물의 폴리페놀 화합물 함량은 홍화 꽃잎 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물은 12.70% 및 8.05% 홍화씨 수용성 및 메탄올 추출물은 6.96% 및 12.34%, 홍화순 수용성 메탄올 추출물 및 메탄올 추출물이 8.75% 및 5.10%로 나타났다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2023

Carthamus tinctorius L. (known as safflower) is a valuable oil plant whose importance is increasing rapidly in the world due to its high adaptation to arid regions. The seeds of this unique plant are especially used in edible oil, soap, paint, varnish and lacquer production. Its flowers are used in vegetable dye production and medicinal purposes beside its features as a coloring and flavoring in food. After the oil is removed, the remaining pulp and plant parts are used as animal feed, and dry straw residues are used as fuel. Beside all these features, its usage as a herbal medicinal plants for various diseases has gained importance on recent years. In this study, it was designed a plant metabolomic approach which transfers all the recent data processing strategies of untargeted metabolomics in clinical applications to the present study. Q-TOF LC/MS-based analysis of the extracts (70% ethanol, hexane, and chloroform) for both seed and flowers was performed using a C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 µM, 100 × 2.1 mm). Differences were observed in seed and fruit extracts and these differences were visualized using principal component analysis (PCA) plots. The total number and intersections of the peaks in the extracts were visualized using peak count comparison graph. Based on the experimental results, the number of the detected peaks for seeds was higher than the ones for the flowers for all solvent systems to extract the samples.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.835-852
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• 2000

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and methods of treatment to promote periodontal wound healing. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in oriental medicine. In some in vitro and in vivo experiments, there have been many evidences that these materials have an effect on bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically and radiologically in Sprague-Dawley rats the effects of safflower seed extracts on the regeneration of the calvarial defects surgically produced. So in this study, the critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats using the 8mm trephine bur. The safflower seed extract was applied into the defect of each rat in experimental group, whereas nothing was applied into the defect of each rat in control group. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 weeks following operation and histomorphometric and radiodensitometric analysis were performed. 1. The newly formed bone length was $102.91{\pm}22.05$, $178.29{\pm}24.40$ at 2 week in the each control, experimental group, $130.95{\pm}39.24$, $242.62{\pm}50.33$ at 4 week and $181.53{\pm}76.35$, $240.36{\pm}22.00$ at 8 week($unit,{\mu}m$). In the 2, 4 week, there were statistically significant difference between control and experimental group(P<0.05). 2. The newly formed bone area was $2962.06{\pm}1284.48$, $10648.35{\pm}1284.48$ at 2 week, $5103.25{\pm}1375.88$, $9706.78{\pm}1481.81$ at 4 week, $8046.02{\pm}818.99$, $12057.06{\pm}740.47$ at 8 week($unit,{\mu}m^2$). In every week, there were statistically significant difference between control and experimental group(P<0.05). 3. The radiopacity was $14.26{\pm}.33$, $25.47{\pm}4.33$ at 2 week, $20.06{\pm}9.07$, $26.61{\pm}2.78$ at 4 week, $22.99{\pm}3.76$, $27.29{\pm}1.54$ at 8 week(unit, %). In the 2 week, there was statistically significant difference between control and experimental group(P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that safflower seed extract initially has an effect on the newly formed bone area, length and radiopacity when it is applied to the calvarial defect of Sprague - Dawley rat. Then. the material has an effect on newly formed bone area and length.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2003

탈지 홍화씨박 에탄올추출 동결건조분말을 첨가한 기능성 건강음료의 제조와 유용성분을 조사하였다. 수율은 60% 에탄올추출 동결건조분말이 8.42%로 가장 높았고, 당도는 10.6∼ 13.8%, pH는 2.90∼3.68, 적정산도 0.10∼0.83 수준이었다. L값은 DSD-I가 94.82$\pm$2.45, a값과 b값을 DSD-V가 27.15$\pm$2.65와 28.67$\pm$2.69로 높은 값을 보였다. Glucose는 6015.3∼7918.2mg%, sucrose는 1511.4∼2091.0mg% 수준으로 음료의 주된 당으로 확인되었고, 유기산으로는 citric acid가 179.2∼981.3mg% 수준이었다. 총페놀 함량은 60% 에탄올추출 동결건조분말이 99.17mg%와 DSD-II 307.84mg%와 DSD-V에 224.06mg%로 많은 양을 함유하고 있었다. 총플라보노이드 함량은 80% 에탄올추출 동결건조분말에 50.29mg%와 DSD-V에 125.20mg%로 다소 많은 양을 함유하고 있었다. Serotonin-I 함량은 80% 에탄올추출 동결건조 분말에 18.81 ppm과 음료는 2.42∼2.89 ppm 수준으로 함유하고 있었다. Serotonin-II함량 역시 80% 에탄올추출 동결건조분말에 30.17 ppm과 음료는 3.79∼4.59 ppm 수준으로 함유하고 있었다. Acacetin 함량은 amyloglucosidase 가수분해 후 60% 에탄올추출 동결건조분말에 9.83 ppm과 음료는 0.98∼1.26ppm 수준으로 함유하고 있었다. EDA(%)는 amyloglucosidase 가수분해 후 60% 에탄올추출 동결건조분말이 93.97$\pm$2.21%와 음료는 DSD-I이 94.79$\pm$2.26%와 DSD-II가 94.69$\pm$1.37%로 BHA 100 ppm 농도 93.83$\pm$1.49%보다 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 음료의 관능평가에서는 1% 인삼추출액과 홍화 황색색소를 첨가하여 제조한 DSD-II가 전반적으로 높은 관능 점수를 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2003

한국전통차가 납투여된 흰쥐의 지질농도 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 납(25mg/kg BW/week)과 녹차, 감잎 홍화 및 둥글레의 열수추출물을 체중 kg당 1.26 g이 되도록 매일 경구투여하여 4주간 사육하였다. 한국전통차의 열수추출물은 납 투여로 인해 억 제된 식이섭취량과 체중감소 뿐만 아니라 납 투여로 증가된 간, 심장 및 비장 중량 역시 녹차, 감잎, 홍화 및 둥글레 열수추출물 급여시 현저하게 회복되었다. 혈장 중의 중성 지질 함량은 납 단독투여군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으나 녹차, 감잎, 홍화 및 둥글레 열수추출물 급여시 각각 30.5%, 32%, 40%, 33%의 감소 효과를 나타내었다. 총 콜레스테롤, 유리콜레스테롤 및 콜레스테릴 에스테르의 농도는 실험식이 급여시 납 단독투여군에 비하여 각각 유의적인 감소 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 실험식이 급여시혈장 중의 YLDL과 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도 저하 및 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도가 증가되는 것으로 보아 한국전통차가 혈장 중의 지질대사 개선에 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 간조직의 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤, 유리콜레스테롤과 콜레스테롤 에스테르농도는 납 투여시 유의적으로 증가된 반면, 녹차, 감잎, 홍화 및 둥글레 열수추출물 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect and potential of tyramine derivatives from Lycii Cortex Radicis (LCR), the root bark of lycium (Lycium chenese Miller) in reducing lipid peroxidation. The activities of enzymes, hepatic 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and LDL oxidation were measured in vitro and animal experiments were also performed by feeding LCR extracts to rats. The test compounds employed for in vitro study were trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine (CT) and trans-N-feruloyltyramine (FT), LCR components, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) from safflower seeds, ferulic acid (FA) and 10-gingerol. It was observed that FT and FS at the concentration of 1.2 mg/mL inhibited liver microsomal HMG CoA reductase activity by ~40%, but no inhibition of activity was seen in the cases of CT, CS, FA and 10-gingerol. Whereas, ACAT activity was inhibited ~50% by FT and CT, 34-43% by FS and CS and ~80% by 10-gingerol at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. A significant delay in LDL oxidation was induced by CT, FT, and 10-gingerol. For the animal experiment, five groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed high fat diets containing no test material (HF-control), 1 and 2% of LCR ethanol extract (LCR1 and LCR2), and 1% of extracts from safflower seed (Sat) and ginger (Gin). The results indicated that total cholesterol level was significantly lower in Saf, LCR2 and Gin groups, and HDL cholesterol level was lower only in Gin group when compared with HF-control group; while there was no difference in the serum triglyceride levels among the five experimental groups. The level of liver cholesterol was significantly lower in LCR1 and LCR2 groups than HF-control Serum levels of TBARS were significantly lower only in LCR2 group when compared with HF-control group. From the observed results, we concluded that LCR can be utilized as a hypocholesterolemic ingredient in combination with ginger, especially for functional foods.