• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

This study presented the strength of the materials and parts for smart distribution board fabrication, and developed a work operation process chart for smart distribution board fabrication. This work operation process chart for smart distribution board fabrication complied with SPS-KEMC regulations, and the applicable range and object are less than 1,000 V and 1,000 Hz for the AC distribution board and less than 1,500 V for the DC distribution board. The power supply is 3 phase 4 wires ($3{\Phi}$ 4W), divided into a single phase circuit and a 3 phase circuit. In addition, the circuit was configured so that the leakage current flowing through the distribution line of the load could be monitored in real time by using the sensor module installed at the rear end of the circuit breaker. Therefore, the administrator can easily find the risk factor of the load since engineer can check the leakage current of each distribution line. In addition, if a leakage current greater than standard value flows, it is possible to generate an alarm against a short circuit and cut off the leakage current. The work operation process chart for the smart distribution board fabrication consists of the following steps: raw and subsidiary materials, sheet metal work, tube making, welding, painting, busbar fabrication, assembly and wiring, product inspection, shipment, etc. Moreover, symbols, ${\Delta}$, ${\nabla}$, ${\bigcirc}$, ${\Rightarrow}$, etc. were used according to the type of work and work progress so that workers can easily understand the progress of the work.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2018

Purpose: Probabilistic safety analysis was performed to enhance the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants because traditional deterministic approach has limitations in predicting the risk of failure by crack growth. The study introduces a probabilistic approach to establish a basis for probabilistic safety assessment of passive components. Methods: For probabilistic modeling of fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), various FCGR tests were performed either under constant load amplitude or constant ${\Delta}K$ conditions by using heat treated X-750 at low temperature with adequate cathodic polarization. Bayesian inference was employed to update uncertainties of the FCGR model using additional information obtained from constant ${\Delta}K$ tests. Results: Four steps of Bayesian parameter updating were performed using constant ${\Delta}K$ test results. The standard deviation of the final posterior distribution was decreased by a factor of 10 comparing with that of the prior distribution. Conclusion: The method for developing a probabilistic crack growth model has been designed and demonstrated, in the paper. Alloy X-750 has been used for corrosion fatigue crack growth experiments and modeling. The uncertainties of parameters in the FCGR model were successfully reduced using the Bayesian inference whenever the updating was performed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.697-702
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• 2016

Background: The Asia-Pacific Breast Initiatives (APBI) I and II registries were established to collect safety data for patients with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant docetaxel-based regimens in the Asia-Pacific region. Materials and Methods: Data from the two registries were combined to perform a safety analysis. Participants in the registry were women with early stage operable breast cancer with an intermediate or high risk of recurrence. These women received adjuvant chemotherapy that included docetaxel between 2006 and 2011. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and analyzed. Results: Data were collected from 3,224 patients from 13 countries. The mean dose intensity of docetaxel was 24.1, 22.7, $25.1mg/m^2/week$ among patients receiving docetaxel-based monotherapy, combination therapy and sequential therapy, respectively. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was given with docetaxel to 41.8% of women and 20.6% of women receiving prophylactic antibiotics. Adverse events were reported in 86% of patients (anthracycline-containing regimens vs. non-anthracycline regimens; 87% vs. 80%). The most common adverse events were alopecia, nausea, neutropenia, vomiting, and myalgia. Adverse events NCI CTCAE ${\geq}$Grade 3 were reported in 45.4% of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 13% of patients, of which 2.5% led to study discontinuation. Forty-six deaths (1.4%) were reported, with no significant difference between regimens. Conclusions: The safety parameters of adjuvant docetaxel therapy used to treat sequential Asian women were comparable to those reported in clinical trials evaluating the role of adjuvant docetaxel. No unusual adverse events linked to Asia-Pacific region patients were observed.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2011

Objectives: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death in Korea and known to result from several occupational factors. This study attempted to estimate the current magnitude of IHD mortality due to occupational factors in Korea. Methods: After selecting occupational risk factors by literature investigation, we calculated attributable fractions (AFs) from relative risks and exposure data for each factor. Relative risks were estimated using meta-analysis based on published research. Exposure data were collected from the 2006 Survey of Korean Working Conditions. Finally, we estimated 2006 occupation-related IHD mortality. Results: For the factors considered, we estimated the following relative risks: noise 1.06, environmental tobacco smoke 1.19 (men) and 1.22 (women), shift work 1.12, and low job control 1.15 (men) and 1.08 (women). Combined AFs of those factors in the IHD were estimated at 9.29% (0.3-18.51%) in men and 5.78% (-7.05-19.15%) in women. Based on these fractions, Korea's 2006 death toll from occupational IHD between the age of 15 and 69 was calculated at 353 in men (total 3,804) and 72 in women (total 1,246). Conclusion: We estimated occupational IHD mortality of Korea with updated data and more relevant evidence. Despite the efforts to obtain reliable estimates, there were many assumptions and limitations that must be overcome. Future research based on more precise design and reliable evidence is required for more accurate estimates.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate utilization behaviors of smartphones while walking that are increasing recently and to examine the effects of smartphone usage patterns on human factors of pedestrian safety. In order to understand the motives and actual conditions of pedestrians' use of smart phones, a online questionnaire survey was conducted on people in their 20~30s who use smartphones. As a result, 98.6% of the respondents had experience using smartphones while walking. After performing the survey by extracting 17 uses the synchronization elements in the prior studies was extracted with two factors from the factor analysis. Particularly, respondents whose motivation to use smartphones was 'pandemic' were analyzed to have an influence on the risk of accident due to use of smartphones among human factors of pedestrian safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes of accidents related to the 3 phase 170 kV gas insulated switchgear of a power system collected from accident sites to secure data for the prevention of similar accidents and provide important points of view regarding diagnosis for the prevention of accidents involving gas insulated switchgears. The analysis results of the causes of accidents involving gas insulated switchgears showed deformation of the manipulation lever installed at the S-phase, disconnection of the insulation rod connection, melting of the upper conductor, a damaged tulip, damage to the lower spacer and the spacer at the breaker, etc. It is believed from this result that the potential for accidents has expanded due to accumulated energy as a result of repeated deterioration. The carbonization depth of a GIS was formed near the screw (T2, T3) used to secure the lower pole of the S-phase tulip. It is not known what has caused the screws to be extruded and melted. However, it is thought that an unbalanced electromagnetic force, micro-discharge, surface discharge, etc., have occurred at that point. In addition, even though 16 years have passed since its installation, there was no installation defect, act of arson, accidental fire, etc. General periodical inspection and diagnosis failed to find the factors causing the accidents. As a system contained in a closed metal container, it has a high risk factor. Therefore, it is necessary to design, install and operate a GIS in accordance with the standard operational procedure (SOP). In addition, it is necessary to apply conversion technology for periodical SF6 gas analysis and precision safety diagnosis. It is expected that tracking and managing these changes in characteristics by recording the results on the history card will provide a significant accident prevention effect.

• Korean journal of health promotion
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between risk perception and attitudes and preventive behaviors among college students with poor health and safety consciousness. Methods: A survey was conducted in students at three universities in the metropolitan area from May 11 to 18, 2018. Four kinds of instruments were used for this study, questionnaires about attitudes, perception, prevention education and preventive behaviors. Results: The safety-related attitude depended on age: those aged <21 years had the best attitude. Education experience significantly affected perception. Preventive behaviors were more strongly and positively correlated with attitudes than with perception. The factor most significantly affecting preventive behaviors were attitudes to preventive health. Conclusions: To allow the students to change their awareness and behaviors related to sickness and accidents, first it is necessary to give education on a continuous basis so that they can obtain perception to cope with sickness and accidents; second, it is necessary to develop behavioral guidelines related to accidents in each area so that they can practice and make it a habit through attitudinal changes.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated the importance of implementing strategic management that prioritizes the safety of frontline nurse professionals. In this sense, this research was aimed at identifying factors associated with the illness of nursing professionals caused by COVID-19 according to socio-demographic, clinical, and labor variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Brazilian university hospitals with 859 nursing professionals, which include nurses, technicians, and nursing assistants, between November 2020 and February 2021. We present data using absolute and relative frequency. We used Chi-square test for hypothesis testing and multiple logistic regression for predictive analysis and chances of occurrence. Results: The rate of nursing professionals affected by COVID-19 was 41.8%, and the factors associated with contamination were the number of people in the same household with COVID-19 and obesity. Being a nurse was a protective factor when the entire nursing team was considered. The model is significant, and its variables represent 56.61% of the occurrence of COVID-19 in nursing professionals. Conclusion: Obesity and living in the same household as other people affected by COVID-19 increases the risk of contamination by this new coronavirus.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.860-866
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• 2022

An accurate prediction of the pressure drop along the flow paths is crucial in the design of advanced passive systems cooled by heavy liquid metal coolants. To date, a generic pressure drop correlation over spacer grids by Rehme has been applied extensively, which was obtained from substantial experimental data with multiple types of components. However, a few experimental studies have reported that the correlation may give large discrepancies. To provide a more reliable correlation for ring-type spacer grids, the current numerical study aims at figuring out the most critical factor among four hypothetical parameters, namely the flow area blockage ratio, number of fuel rods, type of fluid, and thickness of the spacer grid in the flow direction. Through a set of computational fluid dynamics simulations, we observed that the flow area blockage ratio dominantly influences the pressure loss characteristics, and thus its dependence should be more emphasized, whereas the other parameters have little impact. Hence, we suggest a new correlation for the drag coefficient as C_B = C_ν,m/ε^2.7, where C_ν,m is formulated by a nonlinear fit of simulation data such that C_ν,m = -11.33 ln(0.02 ln(Re_b)).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.266-283
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• 2022

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicle technology, unexpected accidents are occurring. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize user accident damage through the development of autonomous traffic safety education. Since edge cases, accident type, and risk factor analysis are important for realistic education, overseas case studies and demonstrations were carried out, and based on this, two curriculum for service providers and general users were developed. The service provider curriculum consisted of OEDR, sudden stop, cut-in, take-over, defensive driving, system malfunction, policy and information security education, and the general user curriculum consisted of attention duty, take-over, operating design domain, accidents type, laws, functions, information security education.