• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.72-85
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• 1992

The analysis of visitor's behavior in Hallasan National Park was executed for a month in september, 1990. In the characteristics of trip purpose, the nature-oriented motive was 68.9% of the total. And in the characteristics of the accompanied, the ratio of such items as company, friends,2-3 persons and above 12 persons was generally high. The ratio of lunch box was 62.7％ and the item of bring back waste treatment was 69.6% in the characteristic of activity. The degree of landscape satisfaction was 3.98 and comparatively high on considering the maximum degree of 5.0, but in the degree of facility, the degree of dissatisfaction was high. Therefore the degree of total satisfaction was 3.43. In the opinion of users, the entrance by order of arrival, the adoption of reserved system and the limitation of the entrance of a group were gen- orally objected but the adoptation of nature rest-rotation system was comparatively assented Specially, visitor center was rarely used but many visitor who has attended there positively think about it. In factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted. Facilitate, social. user behavior and natural property were the most affecting factor to psychological satisfaction test. Multiple regression results showed that cleanness, land-scape, safety, no. of wastebasket and crowdness items affected the total satisfaction variable in total and local area.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Fire incidents, which occur every year, cause huge damage to properties and humans. Significant time and costs have been invested in minimizing and responding to such accidents. With the recent advances in the development of spatial information, in the firefighting field, studies have been conducted to effectively bring fires under control using GIS(Geographic Information System). Most of such studies, however, focused on individual analyses of firefighting-related factors, but comprehensive research on the vulnerability factors in fire control activities, a major part of firefighting activity, has yet to be done. This study sought to pinpoint and analyze the factors that obstruct fire controlling, and to gather relevant data and create GIS-based databases. Based on such database, GIS-based overlay analysis was conducted to produce a fire control vulnerability map. The findings of this study will enable a quantitative analysis of firefighting obstruction factors to assist the personnel engaging in firefighting in rational decision-making, such as in formulating a firefighting operation plan for securing golden time.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.42-48
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• 2002

The design, construction and performance test of a convenient multi-purpose irradiator is described. A multi-purpose irradiator using Cesium-137 has been developed for studies of low dose radiation effects in biology and for calibration of Thermo Luminescent dosimeter(TLD). During the operation, three rods of radioactive material which are 10cm in length revolve 180 degrees and irradiate biological samples, or TLD, and return to their shielded position, after the programmed time. A programmable Logic Controller(PLC) controls the sequence of operation, interlock, motor rotation and safety system. The rotation speed of biological samples can vary up to 20 RPM. A real time monitoring system was also incorporated to check and control the operation status of the irradiator. The capacity of the irradiation chamber was 4.5 liters. The isodose distribution at arbitrary vertical planes was measured by using film dosimetry. The dose-rate was 0.13 cGy/min in air and 0.11 cGy/min in water equivalent material in the case of Cesium-137. Range of activity was 2 Ci. The homogeneity of dose distribution in the chamber was ${\pm}$7%. The actual radiation level on the surface was within permissible levels. The irradiator had a maximum 0.35 mR/min radiation leakage on its surface.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

Quality characteristics of Kwamaegi (semi-dried saury) prepared by treatment of chitosan-ascorbate (CA) and vacuum drying at $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$(VDK), and the effect of the Kwamaegi on serum lipid profiles and anti-oxidation-related enzyme activity in rats fed high fat diets were investigated. The preparation periods were $4.5{\sim}8.3$ hr in VDK, while naturally dried Kwamaegi (NDK) took 360480 hr. Total microbe contents of VDK and NDK were $0.2{\sim}0.5$ and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. There was no significant difference in amino-nitrogen content. Compared with NDK, the acid and peroxide value, and fishy flavor of VDK40 (dried at $40^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower, and the texture, color and overall acceptability were higher. In animal experiments, weight gain, content of LDL-cholesterol and lipid peroxide, activities of total (T) and O type (O) xanthine oxidase, and the O/T ratio (%) were significantly lower in the VDK40 diet group than in the NDK diet group. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the VDK40 diet group was higher than in the NDK diet group. These results suggest that preparing CA-treated Kwamaegi with vacuum-drying at $40^{\circ}C$ can be applied throughout the year, and may shorten preparation time and improve its microbiological safety and nutritional values.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2009

Objective : This research was aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect, safety, mechanism and metabolizing enzyme of Agrimonia pilosa LEDEB(APL) in female C57B/L mouse. Methods : At first, to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of APL, we divided into four groups, normal, control, APL100(100mg/kg), APL150(150mg/kg). LLC obtained American Type Culture Collection was used. LLC had been inoculated to induce tumor. To measure the anti-tumor effect of APL, we calibrate tumor size and weight. To study for mechanism of anti-tumor in APL, we used western blotting and to know metabolizing enzyme in APL we used to real-time PCR. Results : APL100, APL150 inhibited tumor growth after medicine injected. APL did not only induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in LLC-bearing mouse tumor. In APL100, it were decreased 72% in CYP3A11. In APL150, it were decreased 62%, 75% in CYP3A11 and MRP1a respectively. Conclusion : These results suggests that APL has some anti-tumor effects in female C57B/L mouse tumor. APL should be careful use with other drugs related with CYP3A11 or MRP1a.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.438-445
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• 2014

We examined biogenic amine (BA) production as well as the diversity of bacterial flora in 11 types of commercial makgeolli stored at 4 and $20^{\circ}C$. Moreover, we studied the BA-producing activity of three L. plantarum strains isolated from makgeolli. At $20^{\circ}C$, the BA content was highly increased and the denatured DNA bands were more variable in non-sterilized makgeolli compared to sterilized makgeolli. The major BAs produced in commercial makgeolli were histamine and putrescine. Histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine were produced in excess by inoculation of the three L. plantarum isolates to makgeolli stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 21 days. These results suggest that some L. plantarum strains in makgeolli can produce different types of BAs, depending on the extent of degradation of makgeolli.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.52-64
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• 2016

The production of nuclear energy from thorium which is non-fissile material was a main issue until the middle of 1970's, because of the thorium's abundance as energy resources, its capability of breeding fissile material U233, and the reduction of long-lived actinides. However, to use thorium as nuclear fuel, some obstacles such as the necessities of external neutron source and long-term neutron irradiation for effective breeding, and the production of high radioactive isotopes in the course of thorium breeding cycle should be overcome. The difficulties to resolve these cons of thorium cycle became the reason of interruption of the related researches in the middle of 1970's. But in the 21st century, the change of societal perspective regarding nuclear energy and the appearance of accelerator-driven nuclear reactor shift those cons into pros and rehabilitate the study of thorium. The high activity of thorium cycle turned out to be a good option as higher resistance and easier detectibility of nuclear proliferation and the employment of subcritical accelerator-driven reactor as external neutron sources is considered to enhance the nuclear safety. In this study we compare the thorium cycle with the currently-used uranium cycle and analyze the technical status and perspective of thorium researches which use accelerator-driven reactors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.449-465
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• 2017

Small and medium-sized company workers are ill-prepared for retirement due to low wages and poor working conditions, as result, are likely to get into poverty in retirement. The purpose of this study is to conduct a case study on the current status of financial and non-financial retirement preparation of the small and medium-sized company workers. The main findings are as follows. First, the small and medium-sized company workers show the anxiety about retirement. Many pre-retirees worry that their retirement savings may not generate enough income in retirement, and the level of benefits paid in public pension is inadequate. Second, they are preparing for retirement in the areas of finance, health, working after retirement and social activity. Third, they are realistic and practical in retirement decisions makings. they are considering household budget downsizing, cutting education costs, the low-waged job choice and cash flow preference in retirement. The safety and reality in preparation for retirement are top considerations. In conclusion, this case study shows that pre-retirees of small and medium-sized companies are seeking diverse retirement solutions. We need to design integrated and practical retirement planning programs to support their specific retirement needs.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 2003

In order to elucidate a degradation characteristics of herbicide mefenacet in soil, the persistence in soils was studied under laboratory conditions for $90\sim120$ days at $28^{\circ}C$. Mefenacet residues were determined from the two soils which pre-treated by sterilization and flooding, respectively. Non-sterilized upland soil was used as a control. When 70 days elapsed from application time, $55\sim63%$ of mefenacet applied were dissipated in control soils. However, $32\sim33%$ of mefenacet applied were dissipated in the sterilized soils and $33\sim35%$ was dissipated in the flooded soils. 까 lese results indicated that the degradation of mefenacet was assumed to be due to microorganism, especially aerobic microbes. In order to elucidate the influence of water content on the persistence of mefenacet in soil, water content in soils was adjusted to 20, 50, and 80% of the water-holding capacity(Field capacity, WHC). The half-life of mefenacet in soil containing 20% and 50% of WHC were 82 and 73 days, respectively, after incubation for 90 days. However, the half-life in soil containing 80% of WHC was shortened to 61 days. These results indicated that degradation of mefenacet in soil was influenced by the activity of soil microorganism, organic matter content and water content.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.58-61
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• 2001

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of R(+), S(-) and racemic mixture of fenoxaprop-ethyl on rice and barnyardgrass. In addition, in wire acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibition to those chiral compounds was determined. In the greenhouse trial, the R(+) and S(-) fenoxaprop showed respectively tile highest and the lowest biological activity on both plants. This dose-response in whole plant level was consistent with the result of in vitro dose-response of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. These results corfirmed tllat the R(+) isomer is biologically more active than the S(-) isomer, and the target site of fenoxaprop is the enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. It was an interesting result that rice safety was improved in the S(-) isomer compared with the R(+), and the respective selectivity index was 1.5 and 0.57 in a greenhouse experiment; however, those values resulting from ACCase assay were not substantially different each other at in vitro level. Those results suggested that the fundamental selectivity of fenoxaprop-ethyl between rice and barnyardgrass would not exist at target site level.