• Title/Summary/Keyword: Safety Need

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A Comparative Study on the Air Law in Korea and Neighboring Countries. (한반도 주변국가의 항공법 비교연구)

  • Oh, Sung-Kyu;Kim, Maeng-Sern
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.105-137
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    • 2009
  • International Civil Aviation Convention contracted in 1944 adopted International Standards and Recommended Practices(SARPs) as Annexes to Convention for safety and order of International Air Transport and each contracting State shall establish and amend the law on the basis of the SAPRs. However, Any State which find it impracticable to comply in all respects with any such SARPs, or which deems it necessary to adopt regulations or practices differing in any particular respect from those established by SARPs shall give immediate notification to the ICAO of the differences between its own practice and that established by the SARPs and ICAO publish these difference notices as a supplement to annexes. Korea and neighboring countries contracting States with International Civil Aviation Convention are accomplishing standardization of regulation on the basis of SARPs in each State. Air Law of each State need to study on the trait and differences for safety of frequent air transport services around the Korean Peninsula, However, because Korea and Neighboring countries have differences of Air Law by reason of cultural differences and circumstance of each State. Korea and Neighboring countries mean Republic of Korea, The People's Republic of China, Japan and The Domestic People's Republic of Korea and study on Air Law of each state in this study. One of purposes of this study is to analyze the history and organization of each state and then to review how establishing own air law affect air law of each state. Another purpose is to make comparative study on differences between own regulation in Korea and neighboring countries and SARPs and then to review how the differences notice of each state affect air law of each state.

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Resistance and Susceptibility of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella Strains Collected from Different Region in Korea to Bacillus thuringiensis (국내 지역별 채집계통 및 감수성계통 배추좀나방에 대한 Bacillus thuringiensis 제품의 생물활성 비교)

  • Kim, Young-Rim;Cho, Min-Su;Oh, Se-Mun;Kim, Sung-Woo;Youn, Young-Nam;Yu, Yong-Man
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 2010
  • Six populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, were collected from the different national areas for resistance and reared in laboratory for two sensitive population. These populations of P. xylostella were examined the developed resistance against commercial products of Bacillus thuringiensis. There were 3 products with B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki including Tyuneup$^{(R)}$, Thuricide$^{(R)}$ and Geumulmang$^{(R)}$ and 2 products with B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai including Tobagi$^{(R)}$ and Scorpion$^{(R)}$. The sensitive population of diamondback moths were provided from National Academy of Agricultural Science (NP) and Highland Agriculture Research Center (GR population) and field populations were caught from 6 different national areas. Resistance against Tyuneup$^{(R)}$ was developed 4.8 and 2.5 times in SP and HS compared with GR population of diamondback moth, respectively. In case of Geumulmang$^{(R)}$, it was developed 9.9 and 6.8 times in SP and NM population compared with NP population, respectively. Otherwise, Tobagi$^{(R)}$ was showed higher resistance in HS than any other population compared with GR population, however, Scorpion$^{(R)}$ that is a same strain with Tobagi$^{(R)}$, was showed only double resistance to SP population. It was supposed that the development of resistance to B. thuringiensis might be caused by the continuous application of the specific commercial product at the specific area. So, we need to use the commercial products of B. thuringiensis in rotation with different B. thuringiensis strains. In the other hand, when HS population with highest resistance were reared in laboratory, their resistance ratio was rapidly dropped to 1.1 times at second generation. We have to examined the resistance mechanism of the diamondback moth to B. thuringiensis strains.

Study on Importance-Performance Analysis Regarding Selection Attributes of Rice-Convenience Foods (쌀을 이용한 편의식품의 선택속성에 관한 중요도-수행도 분석(IPA))

  • Park, Hyojin;Oh, Narae;Jang, Jin-A;Yoon, Hei Ryeo;Cho, Mi Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.593-601
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to establish an effective marketing strategy based on Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of rice-convenience foods. IPA is one of the most efficient and simple methods to evaluate product quality. Data were collected from 652 people (320 males and 332 females) and analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Subjects consumed rice-convenience foods as a snack substitute (19.3%), breakfast (20.7%), lunch (37.4%), dinner (15.2%), and late-night meal (7.4%). The purpose for consumption of rice-convenience foods were as follows: light meal (34.8%), lack of time to prepare meal (42.2%), favorite restaurant is not nearby (2.3%), save money (3.4%), and outdoor activities (9.7%). All attributes about rice-convenience foods were categorized into intrinsic property and extrinsic property. As a result of factor analysis, health, sensibility, and diversity factors were extracted from intrinsic property. In addition, dependence and appearance factors were drawn from extrinsic property. In analyzing the differences between importance and performance, there were significant differences; 16 items in the intrinsic property (P<0.01), and 10 items in the extrinsic property (P<0.001). The IPA matrix is composed of four quadrants, and each represents different strategies; the first, 'keep up the good work', the second, 'possible overkill', the third, 'low priority for management', and the fourth, 'concentrate management'. As a result, factors of rice-convenience foods positioned in the fourth quadrant were 'safety (from food additives, etc.)' and 'price' in the intrinsic property and 'nutrition label' and 'safety of packaging material' in the extrinsic property. They need to be improved immediately. In this study, rice-convenience food factors for continuous maintenance and concentrative improvement were compared by IPA. Based upon the results of this study, it is necessary to develop methods to make efficient use of limited resources and practical marketing strategies.

Importance and Performance Analysis of Sanitation Management in Workers at Small and Medium Foodservice Industries Using HACCP Prerequisites (HACCP 선행요건 기준을 활용한 중·소 외식업체 종사자의 위생관리 중요도·수행도 분석)

  • Lee, Hyun-Jun;Hong, Wan-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.10
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    • pp.1497-1507
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to conduct importance and performance analysis of sanitation management in workers at small and medium foodservice industries using HACCP prerequisites. Questionnaires were distributed to 500 small and medium foodservice industry workers in Seoul Gyeonggi province, and a total of 458 responses were used for analysis. Factors with relatively low comparison degree were as follows. 'Handwashing and clean uniform of employee in the workplace', 'regular checking and managing of trapped vermin and rodents', 'checking stocked raw materials', 'recording and filing the results of improved food safety factors', and 'regular cleaning and sterilizing of monitoring tools' factors must be improved along with their performance levels through sanitation education. According to the IPA results, among the 15 HACCP prerequisite factors with high importance but low performance were '2. Regular checking and managing of trapped vermin and rodents', '4. Handwashing and clean uniform of employee in the workplace', '14. Preventing food cross-contamination'. Furthermore, the small and medium foodservice industry IPA with high importance but low performance were 'Regular checking and managing of trapped vermin and rodents', 'Handwashing and clean uniform of employee in the workplace', and 'Preventing food cross-contamination' for the small foodservice industry, along with 'Vermin and rodents control' and 'Recording and filing the results of improved food safety factors' for the medium foodservice industry. Thus, there is a need for reinforced hygiene education through case studies on actual food service establishments to fulfill sanitation guidelines and set amended guides for much-needed items for small and mid-sized food service.

Low price type inspection and monitoring system of lithium ion batteries for hybrid vessels (하이브리드 선박용 리튬 배터리의 저가형 감시시스템 구현)

  • Kwon, Hyuk-joo;Kim, Min-kwon;Lee, Sung-geun
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2016
  • Batteries are used for main power engine in the fields such as mobiles, electric vehicles and unmanned submarines, for starter and lamp driver in general automotive, for emergency electric source in ship. These days, lead-acid and the lithium ion batteries are increasingly used in the fields of the secondary battery, and the lead-acid battery has a low price and safety comparatively, The lithium ion battery has a high energy density, excellent output characteristics and long life, whereas it has the risk of explosion by reacting with moisture in the air. But Recently, due to the development of waterproof, fireproof, dustproof technology, lithium batteries are widely used, particularly, because their usages are getting wider enough to be used as a power source for hybrid ship and electric propulsion ship, it is necessary to manage more strictly. Hybrid ship has power supply units connected to the packets to produce more than 500kWh large power source, and therefore, A number of the communication modules and wires need to implement the wire inspection and monitor system(WIIMS) that allows monitoring server to transmit detecting voltage, current and temperature data, which is required for the management of the batteries. This paper implements a low price type wireless inspection and monitoring system(WILIMS) of the lithium ion battery for hybrid vessels using BLE wireless communication modules and power line modem( PLM), which have the advantages of low price, no electric lines compared to serial communication inspection systems(SCIS). There are state of charge(SOC), state of health(SOH) in inspection parts of batteries, and proposed system will be able to prevent safety accidents because it allows us to predict life time and make a preventive maintenance by checking them at regular intervals.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Development of Predictive Model of Sanitizers and Disinfectants on Reduction of Microorganisms on Food Contact Surfaces (스테인리스 스틸 식품기구 표면에 사용되는 주요 살균소독제의 살균력 평가 및 살균예측모델 개발)

  • Lee, Yu-Si;Ha, Sang-Do;Kim, Dong-Ho;Park, Joon-Hee
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 2011
  • This study was to evaluate the efficacy of sanitizer concentrations and treatment time against two major toad-borne pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on a stainless steel surface. As a result, stainless steel, treated with 100 ppm of chlorine showed reduction of E. coli(1.56, 1.49, 1.95 log cfu/25 $cm^2$) and S. aureus(0.49, 0.88, 1.27 log cfu/25 $cm^2$) after 0, 5 and 10 min, but none was not detected in treatment with 200 ppm. The population of E. coli(0.73, 0.90, 1.55 log cfu/25 $cm^2$) and S. aureus(0.37, 1.00, 1.45 log cfu/25 $cm^2$) reduced in 35.5% ethanol treated group, but none was not detected in treatment with 70%. The population was reduced E coli(0.28, 0.64, 1.07 cfu/25 $cm^2$) and S. aureus(0.53, 0.87, 0.99 log cfu/25 $cm^2$) by treatment with 45.5 ppm of hydrogen peroxide, but none was not detected in treatment with 91 ppm. Quarternary ammonium compound with 100 ppm was reduced E. coli(0.82, 1.62, 1.71 log cfu/25 $cm^2$) and S. aureus(0.46, 0.93, 1.38 log cfu/25 $cm^2$), but none was not detected in treatment with 200 ppm. Predictive models of sterilization for all 4 disinfectants were suitable to use with $r^2$ value of higher than 0.94. These models may be of use to food services and manufacture of safe products by controlling E. coli and S. aureus without the need for further detection of the organisms.

Developing a Model for Crime Prevention Hardware Performance Test and Certification System (방범하드웨어의 침입범죄 저항성능 시험·인증 체계에 관한 모형 연구)

  • Park, Hyeon-ho
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.36
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    • pp.255-292
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    • 2013
  • Burglary (also called breaking and entering and sometimes housebreaking) is a crime, the essence of which is illegal entry into a building for the purposes of committing an offence. It is one of the most common types of crime and also a serious issue for every society. A house that is left insecure is an accessible and attractive target for burglars and therefore burglary resistance test & certification system for doors and windows has been developed in many countries. This paper explores several advanced foreign burglary resistance test/certifcation cases (the British SBD, the Dutch KOMO SKH/SKG, the Japanese CP mark, the Australian Standard Certification) for security products and domestic test/certification systems for fire safety products as a comparative study so that any improvement points can be gained for South Korea in the field of security product performance. The comparative analysis results show that South Korea is far behind the security product certification system and needs a lot of improvement in the system by benchmarking foreign cases. The domestic test/certification systems for fire safety products also give some insights for burglary-related security products' performance certification system in Korea. Overall, the need for relevant rules and regulations, the establishment of standards regarding testing and certification, including certified security +hardware product in building security certification system, performance testing as well as production testing (i.e. quality management system evaluation), the basic competency of testers, incentive system for certified/high quality security products were suggested in order to make an optimal model for the security production performance testing and certification system in Korea.

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NIRS AS AN ESSENTIAL TOOL IN FOOD SAFETY PROGRAMS: FEED INGREDIENTS PREDICTION H COMMERCIAL COMPOUND FEEDING STUFFS

  • Varo, Ana-Garrido;MariaDoloresPerezMarin;Cabrera, Augusto-Gomez;JoseEmilioGuerrero Ginel;FelixdePaz;NatividadDelgado
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.1153-1153
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    • 2001
  • Directive 79/373/EEC on the marketing of compound feeding stuffs, provided far a flexible declaration arrangement confined to the indication of the feed materials without stating their quantity and the possibility was retained to declare categories of feed materials instead of declaring the feed materials themselves. However, the BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) and the dioxin crisis have demonstrated the inadequacy of the current provisions and the need of detailed qualitative and quantitative information. On 10 January 2000 the Commission submitted to the Council a proposal for a Directive related to the marketing of compound feeding stuffs and the Council adopted a Common Position (EC N$^{\circ}$/2001) published at the Official Journal of the European Communities of 2. 2. 2001. According to the EC (EC N$^{\circ}$ 6/2001) the feeds material contained in compound feeding stufs intended for animals other than pets must be declared according to their percentage by weight, by descending order of weight and within the following brackets (I :< 30%; II :> 15 to 30%; III :> 5 to 15%; IV : 2% to 5%; V: < 2%). For practical reasons, it shall be allowed that the declarations of feed materials included in the compound feeding stuffs are provided on an ad hoc label or accompanying document. However, documents alone will not be sufficient to restore public confidence on the animal feed industry. The objective of the present work is to obtain calibration equations fur the instanteneous and simultaneous prediction of the chemical composition and the percentage of ingredients of unground compound feeding stuffs. A total of 287 samples of unground compound feeds marketed in Spain were scanned in a FOSS-NIR Systems 6500 monochromator using a rectangular cup with a quartz window (16 $\times$ 3.5 cm). Calibration equations were obtained for the prediction of moisture ($R^2$= 0.84, SECV = 0.54), crude protein ($R^2$= 0.96, SECV = 0.75), fat ($R^2$= 0.86, SECV = 0.54), crude fiber ($R^2$= 0.97, SECV = 0.63) and ashes ($R^2$= 0.86, SECV = 0.83). The sane set of spectroscopic data was used to predict the ingredient composition of the compound feeds. The preliminary results show that NIRS has an excellent ability ($r^2$$\geq$ 0, 9; RPD $\geq$ 3) for the prediction of the percentage of inclusion of alfalfa, sunflower meal, gluten meal, sugar beet pulp, palm meal, poultry meal, total meat meal (meat and bone meal and poultry meal) and whey. Other equations with a good predictive performance ($R^2$$\geq$0, 7; 2$\leq$RPD$\leq$3) were the obtained for the prediction of soya bean meal, corn, molasses, animal fat and lupin meal. The equations obtained for the prediction of other constituents (barley, bran, rice, manioc, meat and bone meal, fish meal, calcium carbonate, ammonium clorure and salt have an accuracy enough to fulfill the requirements layed down by the Common Position (EC Nº 6/2001). NIRS technology should be considered as an essential tool in food Safety Programs.

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Microbial and Pathogenic Contamination of Ready-to-eat Fresh Vegetables in Korea (한국에 유통중인 신선편이 채소류의 미생물 품질 및 병원성 세균의 오염도 조사)

  • Bae, Young-Min;Hong, Yu-Jin;Kang, Dong-Hyun;Heu, Sung-Gi;Lee, Sun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.161-168
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate microbiological contamination of fresh vegetables in Korea. Twenty types of vegetables were tested for total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, yeast and mold, and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Cronobacter sakazakii, Shigella, and Campylobacter. Levels of total aerobic bacteria and coliform on 20 vegetables were between 3.74 and 8.04 log CFU/g, and 0.16 and 5.02 log CFU/g, respectively. The highest contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria were observed on water dropwort, sprouts, mungbean sprout, and ballflower root. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in microbial contamination levels of total aerobic count, coliform, E. coli, yeast and mold between organic and nonorganic vegetables. When isolation methods using selective agars were applied, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, Salmonella and Campylobacter were isolated from some fresh vegetable samples. Results of API kit tests showed that L. monocytogenes was identified on Chinese cabbage, cucumber, soybean sprouts, and iceberg lettuce while Salmonella was identified on Korean leek. Furthermore, Campylobacter jejuni was also identified in more than 50 of the 100 samples. However, when positive samples from API kit were tested for real-time PCR or 16S rRNA sequencing method, only B. cereus from perilla leaf, carrot, water dropwort, and sprouts showed positive results. These results indicate that selective agar and API kit detection methods might result in false positive results for some pathogens. Therefore, studies need to improve isolation or confirmation methods for such pathogens.

Estimating the Dimension of a Crosswalk in Urban Area - Focusing on Width and Stop Line - (도시부 횡단보도 제원 산정에 관한 연구 - 폭과 정지선을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Yoomi;Park, Jejin;Kwon, Sungdae;Ha, Taejun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.847-856
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    • 2016
  • Recently, with a high level of economic growth, rapid urbanization, population, environment and housing problems were accompanied in Korea. In particular, the traffic problem has become a serious social problem. As the current transportation policy has been carried out, concentrating on traffic flow, in 2015, death rate for pedestrians while walking (1,795 persons) is 38.8% compared to entire death rate in car accident (4,621 persons), so there is need to solve it. Although, crosswalk should make pedestrian cross it safely, it has been made on the basis of the width of road without exact standard for current width of the crosswalk and the location of stop line. Moreover, in the area around many campuses or commercial facilities, crosswalks are set with not considering pedestrian passage, but designed uniformly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate reasonable dimension of crosswalk considering pedestrian traffic and walking speed and it makes the accident rate lower in the crosswalk, which has a lot of problems including decisions of vehicle traffic signal time, lack of pedestrian's signal timing, pedestrian's crossing of long-distance. The following are the methodology of the study. Firstly, for crosswalk calculation of specifications, examination relating existing regulations and researches dealing with crosswalk, pedestrians and stop line is needed. After analyzing problems of current width of crosswalk and stop line, present the methodology to calculation of specifications and basing on these things, calculation of specifications for crosswalk will be decided. In conclusion, the calculation of specification and improvement of stop line for crosswalk laid out in this study are expected to be utilized as base data in case of establishing relevant safety facilities and standards.