• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.321-331
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Pinoxaden is the phenylpyrazoline herbicide developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and marketed on 2006. The maximum residue levels for wheat and barley were set by import tolerance. Thus, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) official analytical method determining Pinoxaden residue was necessary in various food matrixes. Satisfaction of international guideline of CODEX (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) are additional pre-requirements for analytical method. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was investigated to analyze residue of Pinoxaden (M4), which is defined as pesticide residue in Korea, in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pinoxaden (M4) was extracted followed by acid digestion (2hr reflux with 1N HCl) and pH adjusting (pH 4-5 with 3% ammonium solution). To remove oil, additional clean-up step with hexane saturated with acetonitrile was required to high oil contained sample before purification. HLB cartridge and nylon syringe filter were used for purification. Then, samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using reserve phase column C₁₈. Five agricultural group representative commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used to verify the method in this study. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination (r²) > 0.99 at calibration range 0.002-0.2 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, which were suitable to apply Positive List System (PLS). Mean average accuracies of pinoxaden (M4) were shown to be 74.0-105.7%. The precision of pinoxaden and its metabolites were also shown less than 14.5% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to CODEX (CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.8-12
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• 2007

This study includes a case study among plastic process manufacturing companies, based on which, the currently used 4M method is applied in terms of machine, media, man, and management, to conduct quantitative risk evaluation, and thus to contribute to reducing human and material loss as well as preventing accidents in industrial fields. The result of this study is analyzed based on the 4M-risk assessment to find out the hazardous risk elements, and the quantitative evaluation made it predictable the value of risk(frequency $\times$ intensity) in such classified levels as serious risk, critical risk, and intolerable risk. Further, Among the businesses with hazardous risk elements and high frequency of industrial disaster, risk analysis was conducted for each process, and as a result, 38 cases among 76, including those of serious risk, critical risk, and intolerable risk, were improved, and the risk was reduced. Besides, it is thought that with the engineering approach with 4M-Risk Assessment, the attempt to improve safety level contributes to prevention of accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Most product structural components are assembled by various members and castings except casting products. In such cases, a particular structure is required to move and fix each component. In particular, the safety uncertainty of heavy product assemblies can be linked to large accidents. Thus, the safety design and evaluation of additional structures have become more important. In the field and factories, these additional structures are called handling structures, which are designed and manufactured. As the types of products produced become more diverse, the design and manufacture of a handling structure are also diversified. The results of each evaluation should be derived. We develop a logical design and evaluation method, which was previously designed based on empirical data, for the handling structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

As domestic buildings have been large-scaled, diversified and high-rise, there have been a consistent demand for design, development of construction technology and accident prevention activity as well as quality enhancement. In spite of governmental and related institutions' efforts for reducing national losses which come from numerous accidents, there have been endless small and large accidents on the construction site and thus, it is urgent to conduct empirical researches in this area. Currently safety supervision system in construction industry has enforced harm and danger prevention planning system, however it merely stick to other existing materials. In addition, it is difficult to put it into practice in that it requires bearing too much burden to draw out the planning itself in a case of large construction work. Consequently in this paper we select evaluation criteria by construction progress, classify into several categories, and regard potential danger which often occurs, as a evaluation criterion. Further step is to allow workers or collaborated companies to express their expert opinions or experiences and to encourage quality and process control and autonomous safety control by applying PSM(Process Safety Management) method using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and to development of PSM evaluation method in the construction. The reason why PSM method should be quantitative and substantial progress is because it contributes Korean constructing companies to enhancing their safety control ability and to taking an equal stance just like developed countries, thereby strengthening their competitive edges. Boost of safety control system by PSM method could make an enormous contribution to preventing construction accidents on the site by establishing and securing an autonomous safety control system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2147-2155
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• 2022

Nuclear safety-related underground liquid storage tanks, such as those used to store fuel for emergency diesel generators, are critical components for safety of hundreds of existing nuclear power plants (NPP) worldwide. Since most of those NPP will continue to operate for decades, a beyond design base (BDB) seismic screening of safety-related underground tanks in those NPP is beneficial and essential to public safety. The analytical methodology for buried tank subjected to seismic effect, including a BDB seismic evaluation, needs to consider both soil-structure and fluid-structure interaction effects. Comprehensive analysis of such a soil-structure-fluid system is costly and time consuming, often subjected to availability of state-of-art finite element tools. Simple, but practically and reasonably accurate techniques for seismic evaluation of underground liquid storage tanks have not been established. In this study, a mechanics based solution is proposed for the evaluation of a cylindrical underground liquid storage tank using hand calculation methods. For validation, a practical example of two underground diesel fuel tanks in an existing nuclear power plant is presented and application of the proposed method is confirmed by using published results of the computer-aided System for Analysis of Soil Structural Interaction (SASSI). The proposed approach provides an easy to use tool for BDB seismic assessment prior to making decision of applying more costly technique by owner of the nuclear facility.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to detect 26 antidiabetic compounds in adulterated dietary supplements using a simple, selective method. The work presented herein may help prevent incidents related to food adulteration and restrict the illegal food market. The best separation was obtained on a Shiseido Capcell Pak(R) C18 MG-II ($2.0mm{\times}100mm$, $3{\mu}m$), which improved the peak shape and MS detection sensitivity of the target compounds. A gradient elution system composed of 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid in distilled water and methanol at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min for 18 min was utilized. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive or negative mode was employed as the detector. The developed method was validated as follows: specificity was confirmed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the precursor and product ion pairs. For solid samples, LOD ranged from 0.16 to 20.00 ng/mL and LOQ ranged from 0.50 to 60.00 ng/mL, and for liquid samples, LOD ranged from 0.16 to 20.00 ng/mL and LOQ ranged from 0.50 to 60.00 ng/mL. Satisfactory linearity was obtained from calibration curves, with $R^2$ > 0.99. Both intra and inter-day precision were less than 13.19 %. Accuracies ranged from 80.69 to 118.81 % (intra/inter-day), with a stability of less than 14.88 %. Mean recovery was found to be 80.6-119.0 % and less than 13.4 % RSD. Using the validated method, glibenclamide and pioglitazone were simultaneously determined in one capsule at concentrations of 1.52 and 0.53 mg (per capsule), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-49
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• 1997

One of the most important missons that are imposed on merchant ship at sea is to accomplish the safe transportation of cargo loaded. Recently, a study on the seakeeping performance has been carried out on the development of evaluation system related to the synthetic safety of a ship at sea. The seakeeping performance is the ship's ability sailing at, and executing its misson against adverse environmental factors successfully and safely. Until now, however, there has not been any method of quantitative evaluation on the dynamic safety of the ship's cargo loaded. In this regards, this paper has introduced the evaluation method of dynamic safety of the ship's cargo. In order to evaluate the dynamic safety of cargo, the vertical and lateral acceleration which causes the collapse, racking and local structure failure of cargo was adopted as the evaluation factors in the ship's motions. The response amplitude of ship's motions in regular waves is manipulated by NSM (New Strip Method) on a given 2,700 TEU full container vessel under the wind forces of 7, 8 and 9 Beaufort scale. Each response of ship's motions induced by NSM was applied to short-crested irregular waves for stochastic process on evaluation factors and then vertical and lateral acceleration of each cargo was compared with significant amplitude of each acceleration. A representative dangerous factor was determined by comparing permissible values of stacking and racking forces occurred typically to the vertical and transverse directions with the container strength required on ISO 1496 at the positions of forecastle, poop and ship's midship respectively. Through the occurrence probability of the determined factor by Rayleigh's probability density function, the dangerousness which limits loads on container's side wall as an evaluation was applied in judging of the danger of the ship's cargo loaded.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

In this paper, we select evaluation criteria by construction progress, classify into several categories, and regard potential danger which often occurs, as a evaluation criterion. Further step is to allow workers or collaborated companies to express their expert opinions or experiences and to encourage quality and process control and autonomous safety control by applying PSM method. The reason why PSM method should be quantitative and substantial progress is because it contributes Korean constructing companies to enhancing their safety control ability and to taking an equal stance just like developed countries,' thereby strengthening there competitive edges. Boost of safety control system by PSM method will make an enormous contribution to preventing construction accidents on the site by establishing and securing an autonomous safety control system.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2014

Fenpyrazamine which is a pyrazole fungicide class for controlling gray mold, sclerotinia rot, and Monilinia in grapevines, stone fruit trees, and vegetables has been registered in republic of Korea in 2013 and the maximum residue limits of fenpyrazamine is set to grape, peach, and mandarin as 5.0, 2.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively. Very reliable and sensitive analytical method for determination of fenpyrazamine residues is required for ensuring the food safety in agricultural products. Fenpyrazamine residues in samples were extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned with dichloromethane, and then purified with silica-SPE cartridge and eluted with hexane and acetone mixture. The purified samples were determined by HPLC-UVD and confirmed with LC-MS and quantified using external standard method. Linear range of fenpyrazamine was between $0.1{\sim}5.0{\mu}g/mL$ with the correlation coefficient (r) 0.999. The average recovery ranged from 71.8 to 102.7% at the spiked level of 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg, while the relative standard deviation was between 0.1 and 7.3%. In addition, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The results revealed that the developed and validated analytical method is possible for fenpyrazamine determination in agricultural product samples and will be used as an official analytical method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Based on the statistical annual report, there are 17,649 reservoirs are operating for the purpose of agricultural water supply in Korea. 58 % of entire agricultural reservoirs had been constructed before 1948 which indicate the termination of required service life and rest of those reservoirs have also exposed to the dam break risk by extreme flood event caused by current ongoing climate change. To prevent damages from dam failure accident of these risky small size dams, it is necessary to evaluate and manage the structural and hydrological safety of the reservoirs. In this study, a simplified evaluation method for hydrologic safety of dam is suggested by using Rational and Creager formula. Hydrologic safety of small scale dams has evaluated by calculating flood discharge capacity of the spillway and compares the results with design frequency of each reservoir. Applicability and stability of suggested simplified method have examined and reviewd by comparing the results from rainfall-runoff modeling with dam break simulation using HEC-HMS. Application results of developed methodology for three sample reservoirs show that simplified assessment method tends to calculate greater inflow to the reservoirs then HEC-HMS model which lead lowered hydrologic safety of reservoirs. Based on the results of application, it is expected that the developed methodology can be adapted as useful tool for small scale reservoir's hydrologic safety evaluation.