• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2003

This study was conducted in order to find out the basic data and informations for the accidents for repairing of agricultural machines. This study was summarized as fellows : 1. Among the total repair work, the ratio of repair accident was 68.9% and the accident ratio with power tiller, tractor, and combine was 84.8%. The accident occurred frequently in April to May and September to October because of frequent use of machines during this months. The accidents occurred often of ten to eleven and two to three afternoon in a day. 2. The 36.3% of the accident types was farming machines and the 60.4% of the accident occurred in yard of repair shop. The 34.4% of accident was caused by people, 26.2% by machines, 24.9% by environmental factors, and 14.5% by others. 3. In accident damage, human damage was 98.4% and economic damage was 43.6%. There was only 40.2% in having agricultural machinery insurance and 22.5% of research applicant answered that they would not have insurance in the future. 4. The 58.2% of the injured parts occurred in fingers, hands, wrists, or arms and the 74.4% of the damage types were bruise, prick or abrasion. The damaged parts of machinery were belt of power transmission device, chains, sharpened knives, narrow mechanism or cultivating knives for rotary. 5. The average days of medical treatment for casualty was 15.5 days and the average expense of medical treatment per person was 189,200 won. The days of temporary rest and the economic damage per person due to accident were 12.8 days and 469,300 won.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2023

A base expansion micropile was developed to improve the bearing capacity of the micropile, which bears a simple device installed at the pile base. Under an axial load, this base expansion structure radially expands at the pile tip and attaches itself around ground, compressing the boring wall in the construction stage. In this study, conventional and base expansion micropiles were constructed in the weathered rock where micropiles are commonly installed. Further, field load tests were conducted to verify the bearing capacity enhancement effect. From the load test results, it was revealed that the shaft resistance of base expansion micropiles was about 12% higher than that of conventional micropiles. The load transfer analysis results also showed that compared to conventional micropiles, the unit skin friction and unit end bearing of base expansion micropiles were 15.4% and 315.1% higher, respectively, in the bearing zone of the micropile.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.309-316
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• 2022

Advances in technology have improved people's lives comfortably and have developed more easily, safely and simply. We usually turn on hot water to set the temperature of the water in the bathroom and gradually adjust the temperature to find the temperature we want with our skin. In this situation, I thought, "What if there is a device that can see the temperature of water with my eyes and help with the interior of the bathroom while including a safe system," and tried to create a system that values stability. For example, if a child accidentally changes the temperature of the water to high temperature while washing, he or she can get burned. And the biggest purpose is to secure better safety by adding LCDs and LEDs so that we can visually know the temperature before feeling it tactilely. As a result of the experiment, there was no error between the temperature detected by the water temperature sensor and the temperature displayed on the LCD, and no error occurred up to 27 cm in the distance measurement experiment using the ultrasonic sensor. There has been an error of about 2% since 28cm or older, but there is no significant inconvenience in using it within the category of faucets.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.135-150
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• 2016

Due to the development of communication technology and expansion of Intelligent Transport System (ITS), the car is changing from a simple mechanical device to second living space which has comprehensive convenience function and is evolved into the platform which is playing as an interface for this role. As the interface area to provide various information to the passenger is being expanded, the research importance about smart car based user experience is rising. This study has a research objective to propose the guidelines regarding the smart car user experience elements. In order to conduct this study, smart car user experience elements were defined as function, interaction, and surface and through the discussions of UX/UI experts, 8 representative techniques, 14 representative techniques, and 8 locations of the glass windows were specified for each element. Following, the smart car users' priorities of the experience elements, which were defined through targeting 100 drivers, were analyzed in the form of questionnaire survey. The analysis showed that the users' priorities in applying the main techniques were in the order of safety, distance, and sensibility. The priorities of the production method were in the order of voice recognition, touch, gesture, physical button, and eye tracking. Furthermore, regarding the glass window locations, users prioritized the front of the driver's seat to the back. According to the demographic analysis on gender, there were no significant differences except for two functions. Therefore this showed that the guidelines of male and female can be commonly applied. Through user requirement analysis about individual elements, this study provides the guides about the requirement in each element to be applied to commercialized product with priority.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-373
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• 2023

Aircrews and passengers are exposed to radiation from cosmic rays and secondary scattered rays generated by reactions with air or aircraft. For aircrews, radiation safety management is based on the exposure dose calculated using a space-weather environment simulation. However, the exposure dose varies depending on solar activity, altitude, flight path, etc., so measuring by route is more suggestive than the calculation. In this study, we developed an instrument to measure the cosmic radiation dose using a general-purpose Si sensor and a multichannel analyzer. The dose calculation applied the algorithm of CRaTER (Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation), a space radiation measuring device of NASA. Energy and dose calibration was performed with Cs-137 662 keV gamma rays at a standard calibration facility, and good dose rate dependence was confirmed in the experimental range. Using the instrument, the dose was directly measured on the international line between Dubai and Incheon in May 2023, and it was similar to the result calculated by KREAM (Korean Radiation Exposure Assessment Model for Aviation Route Dose) within 12%. It was confirmed that the dose increased as the altitude and latitude increased, consistent with the calculation results by KREAM. Some limitations require more verification experiments. However, we confirmed it has sufficient utilization potential as a cost-effective measuring instrument for monitoring exposure dose inside or on personal aircraft.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.48-52
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• 2015

In this study, we have evaluated whether the mixing ratio is proper by creating a mixing device for foam proportioner that mainly is employed in practice utilizing a metering venturi type. In case of the mixing ratio for 3%, water under pressure of 76 mm in diameter and the original liquid of a foam fire extinguishing agent of 31.75 mm in diameter have showed up the fluctuation rate just as much as 3.1~3.5% of the mixing ratio. Because water under pressure of 101.6 mm in diameter and the original liquid of a foam fire extinguishing agent of 38.1 mm in diameter have showed up 3.3~3.7% of the fluctuation rate, water under pressure of 101.6 mm in diameter and the original liquid of a foam fire extinguishing agent of 38.1 mm in diameter have satisfied 3.0~3.9% of performance criterion. And also, in case of the 6% of mixture rate, water under pressure of 76.2 mm in diameter and the original liquid of a foam fire extinguishing agent of 31.75 mm in diameter have showed up the fluctuation rate just as much as 6.4~6.8% of the mixing ratio. Because water under pressure of 101.6 mm in diameter and the original liquid of a foam fire extinguishing agent of 38.1 mm in diameter have showed up 6.0~6.8% of the fluctuation rate, water under pressure of 101.6 mm in diameter and the original liquid of a foam fire extinguishing agent of 38.1 mm in diameter have satisfied 6.0~7.0% of performance criterion.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.91-98
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• 2023

Recently, according to development of artificial intelligence, a wide range of industry being automatic and optimized. Also we can find out some research of using supervised learning for deteceting defect of railway in domestic rail industry. However, there are structures other than rails on the track, and the fastener is a device that binds the rail to other structures, and periodic inspections are required to prevent safety accidents. In this paper, we present a method of reducing cost for labeling using semi-supervised and transfer model trained on rail fastener data. We use Resnet50 as the backbone network pretrained on ImageNet. At first we randomly take training data from unlabeled data and then labeled that data to train model. After predict unlabeled data by trained model, we adopted a method of adding the data with the highest probability for each class to the training data by a predetermined size. Futhermore, we also conducted some experiments to investigate the influence of the number of initially labeled data. As a result of the experiment, model reaches 92% accuracy which has a performance difference of around 5% compared to supervised learning. This is expected to improve the performance of the classifier by using relatively few labels without additional labeling processes through the proposed method.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

Intravenous infusion therapy is a standard nursing procedure in medical institutions that provides patients with drugs, fluids, blood, and nutrients into the patient's mucus. It is mainly performed and managed by nurses. Additionally, it is an injection method that injects drugs directly into the blood vessels, and is used to achieve rapid results in emergency situations, and quick and accurate effects can be expected. Even experienced nurses through education and training often make mistakes, which can not only cause discomfort to patients but also cause various problems that threaten patient safety. Various studies are being conducted to reduce the pain caused by these mistakes. This paper acquired images of veins on the back of the hands of three subjects through an image detection device and conducted a study to derive an algorithm to provide clear vein images through image processing of the collected images. To sharpen the acquired vein images, existing algorithms Histogram Equalization, CLAHE, and Unsharp Masking were selected and combined. A histogram graph was used to compare images derived by applying individual algorithms and algorithm combinations to images. The histogram graph was checked by calculating the difference between the minimum and maximum values of distributed pixels and averaging them. The algorithm combination presented in this paper was 209.1, which was higher than the average values of individual algorithms of 138.7, 132.3, and 126.2, and it was confirmed that visibility was good even in actual images.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2024

This paper proposes an IoT-based indoor autonomous driving system that applies SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) and Navigation techniques in a ROS (Robot Operating System) environment based on TurtleBot3. The proposed autonomous driving system can be applied to indoor autonomous wheelchairs and robots. In this study, the operation was verified by applying it to an indoor self-driving wheelchair. The proposed autonomous driving system provides two functions. First, indoor environment information is collected and stored, which allows the wheelchair to recognize obstacles. By performing navigation using the map created through this, the rider can move to the desired location through autonomous driving of the wheelchair. Second, it provides the ability to track and move a specific logo through image recognition using OpenCV. Through this, information services can be received from guides wearing uniforms with the organization's unique logo. The proposed system is expected to provide convenience to passengers by improving mobility, safety, and usability over existing wheelchairs.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Smart factories represent production facilities where cutting-edge information and communication technologies are fused with manufacturing processes, reflecting rapid advancements and changes in the global manufacturing sector. They capitalize on the integration of robotics and automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the convergence of artificial intelligence technologies to maximize production efficiency in various manufacturing environments. However, the smart factory environment is prone to security threats and vulnerabilities due to various attack techniques. When security threats occur in smart factories, they can lead to financial losses, damage to corporate reputation, and even human casualties, necessitating an appropriate security response. Therefore, this paper proposes a security authentication mechanism for safe communication in the smart factory environment. The components of the proposed authentication mechanism include smart devices, an internal operation management system, an authentication system, and a cloud storage server. The smart device registration process, authentication procedure, and the detailed design of anomaly detection and update procedures were meticulously developed. And the safety of the proposed authentication mechanism was analyzed, and through performance analysis with existing authentication mechanisms, we confirmed an efficiency improvement of approximately 8%. Additionally, this paper presents directions for future research on lightweight protocols and security strategies for the application of the proposed technology, aiming to enhance security.