• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2008

최근 견관절 질환에 대한 이해가 높아짐에 따라서 견관절에서 초음파의 유용성 또한 급격히 증가하는 추세이다. 초음파 검사는 비 침습적이며 검사 비용이 저렴할 뿐만 아니라 견관절에서는 유일하게 회전근 개의 움직임을 실시간으로 관찰할 수 있다는 큰 장점이 있다. 견관절 초음파 검사는 일반적으로 환자가 앉은 자세에서 실시하며, 검사 순서는 전방에서부터 시작하여 후방 관절 구조물들을 확인하면서 검사를 마친다. 초음파 검사는 견관절 주위의 여러 근육과 인대, 관절와 순, 골 구조 등을 확인할 수 있으며, 특히 회전근 개 질환의 진단에 큰 도움을 준다. 회전근 개는 견갑하근, 극상근, 극하근, 그리고 소 원형근의 네 개의 근육으로 이루어진 하나의 운동 단위이며, 견관절의 능동 운동시 지렛점으로 작용하여 견관절 운동을 원활하게 조종하는 역동적 안정 요소의 기능을 담당한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-104
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• 2003

Introducing to the market place, safe and effective product is an important responsibility of clinical investigators as well as regulatory agencies in all developed countries. Products claiming to improve skin wrinkles are no exceptions. To date, Renova(R) (all-trans retinoic acid), Avage(R) (tazarotene), and Botox(R) (botulinum toxin) are the only agents FDA approved to ameliorate wrinkles associated with photoaged skin in the USA. For all three, clinical evaluation of wrinkle severity was the primary endpoint required for the approval process. No sophisticated instrument measurements of wrinkles were required, nor used in the pivotal studies. The Division of Dermatologic & Dental Products of the US FDA (Director, Jonathan Wilkin, MD) is not against the use of mechanical instruments in assessing wrinkle severity. Its position on this issue however, remains that any such device must be grounded in patients' or product users' perspective, which means that the evaluation instrument must be clinically relevant and clinically perceptible. Sophisticated devices that can detect minimal improvement, but imperceptible to the users are considered useless in the eyes of the US FDA. Two instruments that have been tried in some antiwrinkle studies in the USA are silicone replicas and Primos. Despite their sophistications, they have clear limitations; thus have never replaced clinical evaluations in these studies. At most, they have served as secondary measures to provide corroborative data on the clinical efficacy of antiwrinkle products. For the foreseeable future, at least in the USA, careful clinical assessment of wrinkles will continue to serve as the critical benchmark to determine whether an antiwrinkle product has enough efficacy to benefit its users. We must not lose sight of the fact that sophisticated devices are only to serve in generating supportive evidence, and not the primary evidence, in any clinical studies.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2016

This paper presents various strategies for humanoid vehicle driving and egress tasks. For driving, a tele-operating system that controls a robot based on a human operator's commands is built. In addition, an autonomous assistant module is developed for the operator. Normal position control can result in severe damage to robots when they egress from vehicles. To prevent this problem, another approach that mixes various joint control techniques is adopted in this study. Additionally, a footplate is newly designed and attached to the vehicle floor for the ground landing phase of the egress task. The attached plate enables the robot to step down onto the ground in a safe manner. For stable locomotion, a balance controller is designed for the humanoid. For the design of the controller, the robot is modeled using an inverted pendulum that consists of a spring and a damper. Then, a state feedback controller (with pole placement and a state observer) is built based on the simplified model. Many approaches that are presented in this paper were successfully applied to a full-sized humanoid, DRC-HUBO+, in the DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals, which were held in the United States in 2015.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2000

도시내 가로의 원활한 교통관리를 위해서는 차량의 통행행태를 미시적으로 분석할 필요가 있다. 특히 선행차량과 추종차량과의 역학관계를 규명한 추종이론은 여러 분야에서 기초자료로 이용되고 있다. 최근 GPS에 의한 차량위치와 속도정보의 수신이 가능해짐으로써 이에 대한 다양한 적용이 시도되고 있다. 사례분석을 위해 2대의 차량에 GPS 장비를 탑재하여 통행자료를 수집하였다. 동일한 시간대의 두 차량간 행태를 분석하기 위해 Timer를 동시 Setting하고, 선행차량의 영향을 받을 수 있는 추종주행을 시작하였다. 2초마다 수집된 위치정보로부터 차량의 이동거리를 산정하고, 속도변화를 나타내었다. 또한 선행차량과 추종차량의 가 감속도를 상호 비교하고 분석하였으며, 가 감속도와 가 감속거리 관계에 대한 회귀모형을 구축하여 도로설계와 안전한 교통관리를 위한 규제 등에 이용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

본 연구의 주요 목표는 업계에서 제품 안전에 기여하는 조직을 평가하고 선정하기 위한 적절한 지표를 개발하는 것이다. 제품 안전 지표는 제품 안전 활동 및 시스템의 순서에 입력, 프로세스 및 출력을 포함하며, 그 지표들은 측정 가능하고 측정 불가능한 지수의 측면에서 제안된다. 세부 지표는 제품 안전 관리, 제품 안전을 위한 노력, 제품 안전성능 등 3가지 부분으로 구성된다. 이 지표들은 시스템 및 제품 안전의 관리 능력의 차이로 인해 기업 규모(대, 중, 소)별로 항목별로 구분된다. 지표를 합리적으로 얻기 위해 산업분야의 전문가 의견과 VOC를 검토한다. 그리고 직급과 수준(간부 대 노동자)에 따라 구분한다. 지표의 항목은 20개, 점수는 200개로 어느 경우든 동일하다. 지표들은 그의 산업에서 제품 안전의 발전에 기여하는 인력을 선택하는데 유용한 도구로 사용할 수 있다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

Recently detection of early gastric cancer (EGC) has been increasing and the treatment strategies for gastric cancer have been changing. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between laparoscopically assisted (LADG) and hand-assisted laparoscopic gastrectomy (HALDG) and open distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. This review is directed toward providing gastric surgeons with recent advances in the treatment of EGC. We investigated the English language literature for the past 12 years through computer searches which focused on : 1) Patient demographics, 2) Operation time, 3) Intra-operative blood loss, 4) Depth of invasion, 5) CBC, 6)Weight loss, 7) Analgesic requirement, 8)Time NPO, 9) Length of hospital stay, 10) Tumor stage, 11) Lymph node (LN) dissection, 12) Position of LN resected, 13) Complications. Improved operative techniques and surgical instrumentation have facilitated the development of minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery. The short-term benefits of laparoscopic gastrectomy included less surgical trauma, less pain, rapid return of gastrointestinal function, and shorter hospital stay, with no change in operative outcome. Laparoscopic gastrectomy was better accepted by the patients as a good procedure and promptly brought the patients back to their previous lifestyle and activities of daily living. But the advantages of HALDG for gastric cancer, extended lymph node dissection and intracorporeal anastomosis are feasible and easier with the presence of the internal hand. The hand-assisted laparoscopic (HALDG) method reported the best results in lymph node dissection.This method is an alternative to total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. LADG and HALDG, when compared with conventional open gastrectomy, have several advantages. When performed by a skilled surgeon, LADG and HALDG are safe and useful techniques for patients with early-stage gastric cancer. Their appropriateness for gastric cancer surgery require further study.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

When a deep-seabed lifting pump is kept this device has bending and deformation in the axis due to its long length(8m). These influences can be caused a breakdown. Therefore, a mounting must be developed to keep the lifting pump safe. This paper discusses the hydraulic cylinder design of the lifting pump and structural safety estimation of the mounting using SBD(simulation-based design). The multi-body dynamic simulation method is used, which has been used in the automotive, structural, ship building, and robotics industries. In this study, the position and diameter of the hydraulic cylinder were determined based on the results of the strokes and buckling loads for the design positions of the hydraulic cylinder. A structural dynamic model of the mounting system was constructed using the determined design values, and the structural safety was evaluated using this dynamic model. According to these results, this system has a sufficient safety factor to manufacture.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Background: The chin shape and position is important in determining the general shape of the face, and augmentation genioplasty is performed alone or in combination with other aesthetic procedures. However, augmentation genioplasty using osteotomy is an invasive and complex procedure with the potential to damage mentalis muscle and mental nerve, to affect chin growth, and prolonged recovery. Our aim was to present our experience with a modified augmentation genioplasty procedure for hypoplastic chins using a Gore-Tex implant. Methods: Two vertical slit incisions were made at the canine level to create a supra-periosteal pocket between the incisions, preserving the periosteum and mentalis muscle. Minimal sub-periosteal dissection was performed lateral to the incisions along the mandibular border. The both wings of implant were inserted under the periosteum to achieve a stable dual plane implantation. Results: In total, 47 patients underwent dual plane chin augmentation using a Gore- Tex implant between January 2008 and May 2013. The mean age at operation was 25.77 years (range, 15-55 years). There were 3 cases of infection; one patient was treated with antibiotics, the others underwent implant removal. Additionally, two patients complained of postoperative parasthesia that spontaneously improved without any additional treatment. Most patients were satisfied with the postoperative outcomes, and no chin growth problems were observed among the younger patients. Conclusion: Dual plane Gore-Tex chin augmentation is a minimally-invasive operation that is simple and safe. All implants yielded satisfactory results with no significant complications such as mental nerve injury, lower lip incompetence, or chin growth limitation.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 유한요소법을 사용하여 댐핑안전 구조물을 설치한 완전밀폐식 LNG 저장탱크 시스템의 강도안전성에 대해 해석하였다. 내부탱크의 FEM 해석을 위해, 탱크에 저장된 LNG에 의한 유체정압, 초저온 온도하중, BOG 압력, LNG 자중량, 내부탱크의 코너 측벽면에 가해진 침하하중 등과 같은 모든 복합하중을 내부탱크 구조물에 적용하였다. FEM 계산결과에 의하면 기존의 내부탱크는 주어진 모든 하중 조건에 대하여 안전하지만, 압축 스프링과 같은 댐핑안전 구조물은 탱크시스템의 안전성을 확보하는데 대단히 유용한 구조물일 것이라는 사실이다. 따라서 스프링의 강점도를 높이고 최적의 설치위치를 찾으면 스프링 구조물에 의해 탱크시스템의 댐핑강도 안전성을 증가시킬 수 있는 중요한 설계요소가 될 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2009

This paper proposes a way of expanding the use area of localization technique by using a beacon. In other words, we have developed the auto-calibration algorithm that recognizes the location of this beacon by attaching the beacon on an arbitrary position and by using the information of existing beacon under this situation. By doing so, the moving robot can overcome the limitation that the localization of moving robot is only possible within the area that has installed the existing beacon since the beacon cannot be installed on the accurate location when passing through a danger zone or an unknown zone. Accordingly, the moving robot can slowly move to the unknown zone according to this auto-calibration algorithm and can recognize its own location at a later time in a safe zone. The localization technique is essentially needed in using a moving robot and it is necessary to guarantee certain degree of reliability. Generally, moving robots are designed in a way to work well under the situation that the surroundings is well arranged and the localization techniques of using camera, laser and beacon are well developed. However due to the characteristics of sensor, there may be the cases that the place is dark, interfering radio waves, and/or difficult to install a beacon. The effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper has been proved through an experiment in this paper.