• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

The usage of the correct combustion properties of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of n-nonane being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of n-nonane was experimented. And, the explosion limit of n-nonane was calculated by using the flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of n-nonane by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-nonane by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $37^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$. The AIT of n-nonane by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $210^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $31^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.87 vol%. And the upper explosion limit by the measured upper flash point $53^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 2.78 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.255-257
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• 2014

The harbor tranquility is indicating the level of calmness in the mooring basin of harbor. It relates keenly to berthing/unberthing and cargo handling works but also it is an important indicator to get the minimum water area as the safe refuge. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in complex the variation of wave height and direction caused by wave refraction, diffraction, shoaling and reflection from the incident waves from outside the harbor. In order to check the calmness inside a harbor, the numerical models are being used currently need fundamental reviews according to the difference of results which depend on their respective features. In this study, hence, it was introduced the validity of numerical models by comparing the computational results for Hupo harbor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.46-48
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• 2014

The port of Incheon is very famous of strong current and many curved fairway with exist of many islands around the fairway. Therefore the max size of calling vessel is restricted in 50K DWT with 13.0m draft. However in the near future, half cargo loaded VLCC will call SK energy Dolphin berth for discharging of crude oil. In this connection, this study will evaluate the safety of passing for Dongsudo-fairway by using the shiphandling simulation data that was produced by familiarized training & education for Incheon port pilots about VLCC's maneuvering characters and the fairway of Incheon port.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.70-76
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• 2012

For the safe handling of n-tetradecane, the lower flash points and the upper flash point, fire point, AITs (auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. Also lower and upper explosion limits by using measured the lower and upper flash points for n-tetradecane were calculated. The lower flash points of n-tetradecane by using closed-cup tester were measured $104^{\circ}C$ and $112^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points and fire point of n-tetradecane by using open cup tester were measured $113^{\circ}C$ and $115^{\circ}C$, respectively. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus for n-tetradecane. The experimental AIT of n-tridecane was $207^{\circ}C$. The calculated lower and upper explosion limit by using measured lower $104^{\circ}C$ and upper flash point $140^{\circ}C$ for n-tetradecane were 0.63 Vol.% and 3.18 Vol%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

In regulation of IGC code 12.1 mechanical ventilation should be arranged to ensure sufficient air movement through the space to avoid the accumulation of flammable or toxic vapours and ensure a safe working environment, but in no case should the ventilation system have a capacity of less than 30 changes of air per hour baed upon the total volume of the space. In this study, a scaled mode chamber was constructed to investigate the ventilation characteristics and stagnation area in the hood room of LNG carrier and pump room in tanker. An experimental study was performed on the model by using visualization equipment with a laser apparatus and an image intensifier CCD camera. Twelve different kinds of measuring areas were selected as the experimental condition. Instant simultaneous velocity vectors in the whole fields were measured by a 2-D PIV system A three-dimensional numerical simulation was also carried out for three different Reynolds numbers. Then the CFD predictions were discussed with the experimental results. The results show the spiral L-shape flow that moves from the opening on the left wall diagonally to the upper right part dominates the ventilation structure. The stationary area of hood room in the velcoity distributions was located in the upper left stern part.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.268-273
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• 2015

The fluorescent-antibody-to-membrane-antigen (FAMA) test is regarded as the "gold standard" to detect protective antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) because of its high sensitivity and specificity. Because the classic FAMA test uses an infectious virus for detection of antibodies to VZV, it is labor-intensive, and also requires special equipment for handling the virus. For this reason, we attempted to develop a simple and safe FAMA assay. Because VZV glycoprotein E (gE) is one of the major VZV glycoproteins, we used the gE protein for the FAMA test (gE FAMA). Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of gE in HEK293T cells can be used to measure antibodies in human serum, and that gE FAMA titers are closely correlated with gpEIA ELISA data. These results indicate that our gE FAMA test has the potential to measure antibodies to VZV.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2014

Objective: This research provides a guideline for working area design in the electronic industry, considering gender differences of physical characteristics. Background: Co-work in the electronic industry requires workers of various physical properties to work cohesively in the conveyor line for mass production. This stresses the need for a worker-centered design of the workplace convenient for all the workers. Method: In this research, the $6^{th}$ Size Korea (National Anthropometric Survey in Korea) report is referred to obtain the design measurements according to age and gender varieties. This information is used to provide the working area guideline concerning conveyor line workers of both genders aged 20 to 40. Results: Physical properties of workers and workplace design principles were obtained for application in the assembly, inspection, and material handling process in the electronic industry. Conclusion: Applying ergonomic design principles can provide safe and comfortable workplace for both genders. Application: This research can be fundamentally used in designing worker-centered workplaces.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.756-760
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• 2005

By development of a robot technology, personal robot is being developed very actively. Various infra-technologies are accumulated in hardware and software how by internal a lot of research and development efforts, and it is circumstance that actual commodity is announced. But, personal robot is applied to be acting near human, and takes charge of safety and connected directly a lot of works of home security, gas-leakage, fire-warning facilities, or/and etc. So personal robot must do safe and stable action even if any unexpected accidents are happened, important functions are always operated. In this paper, we are wished to show design structures for supporting fault-tolerant operation from our real-time robot middleware viewpoint. Personal robot, in being developed, was designed by module structure to do to interconnect and to interoperate among each module that is mutually implemented by each research facilities or company. Also, each modules can use appreciate network system that is fit for handling and communicating its data. To guarantee this, we have being developed a real-time network middleware, for especially personal robot. Recent our working is to add and to adjust some functions like connection management, distributed routing mechanism, remote object management, and making platform independent robot application execution environment with self-moving of robot application, for fault-tolerant personal robot.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.511-518
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• 1998

Aqua-acupuncture therapy is a new acupuncture-therapy that cures diseases by needling with direct medication of oriental or western medicine at acupuncture points which are related to a disease, pressure pain points or positive reaction points according to meridian theory, followed by controlling one's body function and relieving the pathogenic state. Recently, the method is widely applied clinically owing to its handiness and usefulness, but it is pointed that it has some problems. Therefore, the present studies have been carried out to introduce history of the method, materia-medica which is ordinarily used, acupuncture points to be selected, handling method, mechanism of action, range of application and some points to be careful. Moreover, through the experiences that we have made by applying the method clinically, we suggest that the following study should be carried out : First, clinical application of needling with direct medication should be made by using materia-medica which is already proved safe. Second, it is essential to study the side-effects accompanying fever, pains, mass and hemolysis after the method is applied. Third, the study on the mechanism of action of the method should be accomplished continuously.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

Background: Autologous fat is considered an ideal filler material, and the use of cryopreserved fat grafts is promising in terms of flexibility and efficiency. Therefore, cryopreserved fat grafts have become more common in recent years; however, their complications require further consideration. Methods: We evaluated 53 patients who underwent facial lipofilling at our institution to confirm the clinical usefulness and safety of cryopreserved fat. Fresh fat injections with or without cryopreserved fat were administered. At one or more sites, 22 patients had a single fresh fat injection, four patients had two or more fresh fat injections, 16 patients had one fresh fat injection followed by one cryopreserved fat injection, six patients had one fresh fat injection followed by two cryopreserved fat injections, and five patients had two fresh fat injections and one or more cryopreserved fat injections. Results: In total, 281 sets of injection procedures were performed at various sites, of which 170 involved one fresh fat injection, 89 involved one fresh fat injection and one cryopreserved fat injection, and 11 involved one fresh fat injection and two cryopreserved fat injections. One patient experienced self-resolving inflammation as a complication after the second injection in the right cheek. No statistically significant differences were found between the fresh and cryopreserved fat injections. Conclusion: We suggest that cryopreserved fat is a useful and safe resource for multiple fat injections, with advantages including aseptic fat handling and the delicacy of the technique.