• Safe Food
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2007

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and residual toxicity of the 69 kinds of agrochemicals (41 insecticides, 18 fungicides, and 10 acaricides) against honeybee, Apis mellifera and bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. According to the IOBC standard, the toxicity showed below 30% was classified as non-toxic. Among 41 insecticides, five insecticides (acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, thiacloprid, milbemectin, and buprofezin+amitraz) against the honeybee; eight insecticides (methomyl, thiodicarb, acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, thiacloprid, abamectin, spino sad, buprofezin+amitraz) against the bumblebee did not show any toxic effect. Therefore, it thought to being safe. Other 18 fungicides and 10 acaricides were safe against the honeybee and bumblebee. In residual toxicity against the honeybee, eight insecticides (dichlorvos, methomyl, imidachlorprid, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, cartap hydrochloride, chlorfenapyr, and endosulfan) among 41 insecticides tested were safe at three days after treatment; however, sixteen insecticides (dimethoate, fenitrothion, fenthion, methidathion, phenthoate, pyraclofos, fenpropathrin, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, abamectin, acetamiprid+ethofenprox, acetamiprid+indoxacarb, bifenthrin+imidacloprid, ethofenprox+phenthoate, imidacloprid+methiocarb) still remain high toxicity at eleven days after treatment. Against the bumblebee, residual toxicity showed as safe in seven insecticides (dimethoate, methidation, a-cypermethion, ethofenprox, indoxcarb, chlorpyrifos+a-cypennethrin, esfenvalerate+fenitrochion) at three days after treatment; however, eight insecticides (fenitrothion, pyraclofos, clothianidin, fipronil, acetamiprid+ethofenprox, chlorpyrifos+bifenthrin, ethofenprox+phenthoate, imidacloprid+methiocarb) still showed high toxicity at seven days after treatment. From above results, it will be useful information to select insecticides being safe and effective against the honeybee and bumblebee.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.281-305
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• 2014

This study investigated the relationship between older driver's safe driving behavior, driving mobility(amount of driving, assessment for driving-related physical ability, confidence for adaptation in driving situation, amount of social activity) and subjective well-being(life satisfaction, positive/negative affect). The data of these variables were collected by questionnaire method based on face-to-face interview. The results can be summarized as followings. First, the older driver who reported higher scores in the self-report safe driving behavior questionnaire tended to show higher level of subjective well-being and driving-based mobility. Second, all the sub-factors in the driving-based mobility questionnaire were positively related to life satisfaction, positive affect but negatively related to negative affect except amount of driving. Finally, it was found that both confidence for adaptation in driving situation and amount of social activity positively mediated the relationship between self-report safe driving behavior and life satisfaction and positive affect, but confidence for adaptation in driving situation negatively mediated the relationship between self-report safe driving behavior and negative affect, Implication and suggestion were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.561-568
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• 2013

After we designed Bearingless rotor hub system for 7,000lb class helicopter, flexbeam fatigue analysis was conducted for validation of requirement life time 8,000 hours. sectional structural analysis method applying elastic beam model was used. Fatigue analysis for two sections of flexbeam which were expected to weak to fatigue damage from result of static analysis was conducted. Extension, bending and torsion stiffness of flexbeam section shape was calculated using VABS for structure analysis. S-N curve of two composite material which composed flexbeam was generated using wohler equation. Load analysis of bearingless rotor system was conducted using CAMRAD II and load analysis result was applied HELIX/FELIX standard load spectrum to generate bearingless rotor system load spectrum which was used flexbeam fatigue safe life analysis.

• Journal of Menopausal Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2018

Lack of adequate sleep has become increasingly common in our 24/7 modern society. Reduced sleep has significant health consequences including metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and mental problems including depression. In addition, although the increase in life expectancy has provided a dream of longevity to humans, the occurrence of osteoporosis is a big obstacle to this dream for both male and female. It is known that insomnia and bone health problems, which are very critical conditions in human life, interestingly, share a lot of pathogenesis in recent decades. Nevertheless, due to another side effects of the synthetic drugs being taken for the treatment of insomnia and osteoporosis, patients have substantial anxiety for the safety of drugs with therapeutic expectation. This review examines the pathogenesis shared by sleep and osteoporosis together and herbal medicine, which has recently been shown to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of both diseases other than synthetic drugs. We suggestions for how to treat osteoporosis. These efforts will be the first step toward enabling patients to have comfortable and safe prescriptions through a wide selection of therapeutic agents in the future.

• Fire Protection Technology
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• s.28
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• pp.30-36
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• 2000

This manuscript is based on the report "THE RESEARCH ON THE OBJECT TO BE FIRE RESISTIVE AND THOSE LIMITS" issued by FILK. With advancement of the life style recently. People seek for more comfort therefore the aspect of the residence is getting more complex. Meanwhile, the vital and property loss caused fire is getting higher. For the safe of the public welfare, these fire hazard should be controlled by governmental system. It will also be satisfactory if this small opinion could be helpful for the safe.

• Journal of Hydrospace Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 1996

A creep-buckling analysis is studied for a simply-supported viscoelastic column. The fluid-type four-parameter model is employed because of its general applicability to creep materials. Using the imperfection-based incremental approach, a nonlinear load deflection equation is derived. Safe load and critical (or life) time which characterize the stability of the viscoelastic column are obtained mathematically and interpreted physically. A finite difference algorithm is applied to solve the second-order differential equation of the viscoelastic stress-strain relation. Numerical calculation has been made and discussed far a SUS316 stainless steel column.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.102-105
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• 2024

Omental adhesions to the anterior abdominal wall are a common complication of abdominal surgery. Specific adhesions to the back of the umbilicus represent a challenge for safe laparoscopic access. In this case report, we describe a simplified two-port laparoscopic access procedure for retro-umbilical adhesiolysis. We concluded that successful adhesiolysis of retro-umbilical adhesions using the sequential Darwish and Lee-Haung points is feasible, and this procedure is a safe, minimally invasive alternative to the primary laparoscopic approach.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2018

The production of water-soluble pigments by fungal strains indigenous to South Korea was investigated to find those that are highly productive in submerged culture. Among 113 candidates, 34 strains that colored the inoculated potato dextrose agar medium were selected. They were cultured in potato dextrose broth and extracted with ethanol. The productivity, functionality (radical-scavenging activities), and color information (CIELAB values) of the pigment extracts were measured. Five species produced intense yellowish pigments, and two produced intense reddish pigments that ranked the highest in terms of absorbance units produced per day. The pigment extracts of Penicillium miczynskii, Sanghuangporus baumii, Trichoderma sp. 1, and Trichoderma afroharzianum exhibited high radical-scavenging activity. However, the S. baumii extract showed moderate toxicity in the acute toxicity test, which limits the industrial application of this pigment. In conclusion, P. miczynskii KUC1721, Trichoderma sp. 1 KUC1716, and T. afroharzianum KUC21213 were the best fungal candidates to be industrial producers of safe, functional water-soluble pigments.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.309-315
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• 2012

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory tract illnesses in infants and young children worldwide. Despite its importance as a respiratory pathogen, there is currently no licensed vaccine for HRSV. Following failure of the initial trial of formalin-inactivated virus particle vaccine, continuous efforts have been made for the development of safe and efficacious vaccines against HRSV. However, several obstacles persist that delay the development of HRSV vaccine, such as the immature immune system of newborn infants and the possible Th2-biased immune responses leading to subsequent vaccine-enhanced diseases. Many HRSV vaccine strategies are currently being developed and evaluated, including live-attenuated viruses, subunit-based, and vector-based candidates. In this review, the current HRSV vaccines are overviewed and the safety issues regarding asthma and vaccine-induced pathology are discussed.