• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2022

Paddy fields are important habitats for maintaining the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems. Recently, as the need for safe food and biodiversity conservation has increased, the rice cultivation methods have undergone changes. This study was conducted to investigate the fish fauna in Environmentally Friendly Paddy fields (EFP) and Conventional Paddy fields (CP), and compare the characteristics of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Aphyocypris chinensis populations in EFP and CP. A total of 2,703 fish were collected and classified into six families and 13 species. Our results showed that there was a difference in the proportion of fish populations in the two paddy fields, and the number of individuals in EFP was higher than in CP. The weight values of M. anguillicaudatus were higher in EFP than in CP, and the total length, body length, and weight values of A. chinensis were higher in EFP than in CP. Conditional factor(K) values also showed similar trends in EFP and CP. Our results indicate that the farming practices in paddy fields have a significant effect on the characteristics of M. anguillicaudatus and A. chinensis populations, and the results of this study can be used as basic data for securing biodiversity in future agricultural ecosystems.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.143-160
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• 2014

This study focuses that the business starters can refer to this study, select better franchise headquarter and make the franchise member agreement. The most concerned part for the people who want to open franchise shop is what brand is reliable and safe to them. I have analyzed disclosure report that contains overall information of franchise headquarters and researched 300 franchise shops as sample. I drew the conclusion of the decision factors of franchise member agreement, overlooked demographical status by frequency analysis with SPSS 18.0 and performed disperse analysis to examine the decision factors of franchise member agreement and the difference between sex, service type, shop size and income level. In conclusion, the most concerned factor for the franchise agreement is sales management. Sex, shop size and income level are not meaningful factors, but the cost and training management factors are considered differently based on the service type. I hope 1) this study can be utilized for the franchise business starters judge and refer information level provided by the headquarters and make a successful franchise shop business. 2) this study can make solid relationship between franchise members and present a long term vision to them. Finally, this study can be a foundation to promote franchise field through making and supplementing the law of promoting proficient and good franchise headquarters and fairness of franchise transaction and franchise encouragement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2023

The navigational officer's knowledge about securing stability, an essential factor for promoting the safe operation of ships, should be improved along with advancement in ship technology, such as the large-sized ships and the appearance of autonomous ships. Accordingly, this study conducted a survey on stability, targeting navigational officers, and analyzed empirical awareness using general characteristics. Navigational officers had a high level of understanding of the stability criteria for a higher rank, but lacked the understanding of the special criteria for specific ship types. Of the total respondents, 87.6% were using a loading computer to evaluate stability. The GM scored the highest (3.891/5.000 points) as a method of evaluating stability on the ship. Further, whether the stability was secured was determined based on the GM and stability criteria. Most navigational officers replenish additional ballast water to improve the stability and use a small angle of rudder in the case of lacking stability. The results of this study are intended to be used as important data for improving education and research on operator-centered stability in the future by evaluating the empirical awareness of navigational officers on the ship stability.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

This study examines factors related to the safety of housing for elderly people. Because of the diverse problems that may occur due to aging, elderly residents may have special needs related to housing. To identify relevant factors, first, focus group interviews were conducted with six individuals aged 65 or older. Then, a Delphi survey was conducted on experts; this survey consisted of a questionnaire on factors related to the safety of housing for elderly people. Issues to address in the questionnaire were identified in the focus group interviews and also through an examination of literature published domestically and overseas. In the Delphi survey, opinions were collected from the experts; these opinions were then revised, collated, and analyzed. The factors identified in these steps were verified using a content validity index. As a result, a total of seven primary factors - outdoor environment, entrance, indoor environment, living room, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, and restroom - and 23 sub-factors related to elderly people's housing safety were identified. The most frequently mentioned factors were indoor and outdoor stairs, safe flooring materials, and indoor thresholds. It is essential to identify the factors that most affect the safety of elderly people in their residences.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

Objective : Creating a psychologically stable indoor environment is a significant factor in modern life. This study was conducted to confirm which type of wood interior decorating environment was beneficial for improving depression and anxiety. Methods : A total of 59 participants will randomly assign to each accommodation by dividing the rest of the three setting with the same structure with 0% wood interior decorating environment, 45% wood environment, and 90% wood environment. The Psychological evaluation measured at three time points, was before exposure to the wood environment (T1), 45 minutes after exposure to the wood environment (T2), and 20 hours after exposure to the wood environment (T3). Results : As a result of examining the effect of the wood interior use ratio on psychological variables, After about 20 hours (T3), there were significant differences in mood state_vigor-activity(𝛘²=7.253, p<0.05), mood state_tension-anxiety (𝛘²=7.041, p<0.05), mood state_anger-hostility(𝛘²=8.318, p<0.05), and state anxiety (𝛘²=7.680, p<0.05). State anxiety also showed a significant difference in T2 (𝛘²=8.811, p<.05). As a result of analyzing the effect on satisfaction and subjective impression, there was a significant difference in satisfaction (𝛘²=6.300, p<0.05) and 'pleasant (𝛘²=6.930, p<0.05), airy (𝛘²=6.628, p<0.05), masculine (𝛘²=6.906, p<0.05), ordinary(𝛘²=6.662, p<0.05), natural (𝛘²=13.924, p<0.001), calm (𝛘²=13.106, p<0.001), safe (𝛘²=7.755, p<0.05)'. Conclusion : The wood interior decorating environment had a positive effect on anxiety and mood, such as lowering depressive and anxious mood and increasing positive changes and as the ratio of wood decoration increased, it had a greater positive effect on emotions.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.182-199
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• 2023

Since 2021, government departments have been promoting Automated Driving Technology Development and Innovation Project as national research and development(R&D) project. The automated vehicles and service technologies developed as part of these projects are planned to be subsequently provided to the public at the selected Living Lab City. Therefore, it is important to determine a spatial area and operation section that enables safe and stable automated driving, depending on the purpose and characteristics of the target service. In this study, the static Operational Design Domain(ODD) elements for Level 4 automated driving services were reclassified by reviewing previously published papers and related literature surveys and investigating field data. Spatial analysis techniques were used to consider the reclassified ODD elements for level 4 in the real area of level 3 automated driving services because it is important to reflect the spatial factors affecting safety related to real automated driving technologies and services. Consequently, a total of six driving mode changes(disengagement) were derived through spatial information analysis techniques, and the factors affecting the safety of automated driving were crosswalk, traffic light, intersection, bicycle road, pocket lane, caution sign, and median strip. This spatial factor analysis method is expected to be useful for determining special areas for the automated driving service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.791-800
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• 2023

This study was conducted to lay the foundation for creating a society safe from radiation by investigating the establishment of a radiation social safety net and the establishment of safety awareness and safety culture among citizens living in Busan. Data was collected through an online survey, and 200 copies of the survey were analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS Window Ver 28.0. To verify differences between groups, t-test and one way ANOVA were performed, and correlation analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between variables. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to confirm the influence between variables. As a result, first, in terms of building a social safety net, citizens' safety awareness, and establishing a safety culture, the scores of the group with male gender, age in 20s, and high school graduation were found to be high. Among them, there was a statistical difference in gender at the significance level of .01 for building a social safety network and at the significance level of .05 for establishing a safety culture. In terms of occupation, there was a statistical difference between professionals and service workers at the significance level of .05 regarding the building of a radiation social safety network. Second, as a result of multiple regression analysis, it was found that 'local government radiation safety education', a subordinate factor in building a radiation social safety network, had a positive effect on citizens' safety awareness and establishment of a safety culture. Third, the results of the correlation analysis between the building of a social safety network, citizens' safety awareness, and establishment of a safety culture showed a positive correlation. Therefore, it is believed that a good radiation social safety network will have a positive impact on citizens' safety awareness and the establishment of a safety culture.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.2082-2093
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• 2021

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the tissue adequacy and complication rates of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for molecular analysis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: We performed a literature search of the OVID-MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify original studies on the tissue adequacy and complication rates of PTNB for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC published between January 2005 and January 2020. Inverse variance and random-effects models were used to evaluate and acquire meta-analytic estimates of the outcomes. To explore heterogeneity across the studies, univariable and multivariable metaregression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 21 studies with 2232 biopsies (initial biopsy, 8 studies; rebiopsy after therapy, 13 studies) were included. The pooled rates of tissue adequacy and complications were 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.6%-92.6%; I² = 0.81) and 17.3% (95% CI: 12.1%-23.1%; I² = 0.89), respectively. These rates were 93.5% and 22.2% for the initial biopsies and 86.2% and 16.8% for the rebiopsies, respectively. Severe complications, including pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement and massive hemoptysis, occurred in 0.7% of the cases (95% CI: 0%-2.2%; I² = 0.67). Multivariable meta-regression analysis showed that the tissue adequacy rate was not significantly lower in studies on rebiopsies (p = 0.058). The complication rate was significantly higher in studies that preferentially included older adults (p = 0.001). Conclusion: PTNB demonstrated an average tissue adequacy rate of 89.3% for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC, with a complication rate of 17.3%. PTNB is a generally safe and effective diagnostic procedure for obtaining tissue samples for molecular analysis in NSCLC. Rebiopsy may be performed actively with an acceptable risk of complications if clinically required.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2024

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Indigo Naturalis (IN) in treating a Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The objective is to comprehensively examine the effects and pharmacological mechanisms of IN on IBD, assessing its potential as an novel treatment for IBD. Analysis of 11 selected papers is conducted to understand the effects of IN, focusing on compounds like indirubin, isatin, indigo, and tryptanthrin. This study evaluates their impact on Disease Activity Index (DAI) score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Additionally, It investigate into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, including Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) pathway activation, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) inhibition, and modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)/NF-κB and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. Immunomodulatory effects on T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg cell) balance and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3-β) expression are also explored. Furthermore, the study addresses the role of IN in restoring intestinal microbiota diversity, reducing pathogenic bacteria, and increasing beneficial bacteria. The findings reveal that IN, particularly indirubin and indigo, demonstrates significant improvements in DAI score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in DSS-induced colitis mice. The anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to the activation of the AhR pathway, inhibition of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of immune responses. These results exhibit the potential of IN in IBD treatment. Notably, the restoration of intestinal microbiota diversity and balance further supports its efficacy. IN emerges as a promising and effective treatment for IBD, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects and positive outcomes in preclinical studies. However, potential side effects necessitate further investigation for safe therapeutic development. The study underscores the need for future research to explore a broader range of active ingredients in IN to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.424-433
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• 2023

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of balloon dilatation under dual guidance using fluoroscopy and bronchoscopy for treating bronchial stenosis following lung transplantation (LT), and to elucidate the factors associated with patency after the procedure. Materials and Methods: From September, 2012, to April, 2021, 50 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 54.4 ± 12.2 years) with bronchial stenosis among 361 recipients of LT were retrospectively analyzed. The safety of balloon dilatation was assessed by evaluating procedure-related complications. Efficacy was assessed by evaluating the technical success, primary patency, and secondary patency. Primary and secondary cumulative patency rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The factors associated with patency after the procedure were evaluated using multivariable Cox hazard proportional regression analysis. Results: In total, 65 bronchi were treated with balloon dilatation in 50 patients. The total number of treatment sessions was 277 and the technical success rate was 99.3% (275/277 sessions). No major procedure-related complications were noted. During the mean follow-up period of 34.6 ± 30.8 months, primary patency was achieved in 12 of 65 bronchi (18.5%). However, the patency rate improved to 76.9% (50 of 65 bronchi) after repeated balloon dilatation (secondary patency). The 6-month, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year secondary patency rates were 95.4%, 90.8%, 83.1%, and 78.5%, respectively. The presence of clinical symptoms was a significant prognostic factor associated with reduced primary patency (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.465; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.220-0.987). Early-stage treatment ≤ 6 months (adjusted HR, 3.588; 95% CI, 1.093-11.780) and prolonged balloon dilatation > 5 min (adjusted HR, 3.285; 95% CI, 1.018-10.598) were associated with significantly higher secondary patency. Conclusion: Repeated balloon dilatation was determined to be safe and effective for treating bronchial stenosis following LT. Early-stage treatment and prolonged balloon dilatation could significantly promote long-term patency.