• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2016

When the fire takes place in Nuclear Powr Plants(NPPs), the reactor should achieve and maintain safe shut-down conditions and minimize the radioactive material released to the environment. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has issued numerous generic communications related to fire protection over the past 20 years, after it issued its requirements in the Fire Protection Rule set forth in Title 10, Section 50.48 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR 50.48) and Appendix R to the 10 CFR 50. The and Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) has developed a Methodology for Risk Informed Fire Safe-Shutdown Analysis, which is related to the Deterministic Method for Multiple Spurious Operations solutions. The aim of this study was to identify, achieve, and maintain Post-Fire Safe-Shutdown of the Main Control Room (MCR) of the CANDU reactor, even though one train of the multiple Safety Structures, Systems, and Components (SCCs) fail by the technical specification and analysis method.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2005

Charactertistics of growth from graft induced three stock of red pepper cultivar were analysed. R-safe rootstock was more higher and vigorous than that of the Yeok kang, Konesian hot cultivar at seedling stage and had good characteristics for grafting in the space of cut surface and the amount of sap released. Numbers of branches were more numerous in the grafted plants than those of non-grafted as grafting affected their growths in the process of branching. There was no distinct difference in plant height among the different rootstock. However the R-safe rootstock showed considerably high growth in the 41st days after grafting. Grafting was effective in the early flowering and the R-safe was the earliest in flowering because of it's good growth under the low temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.2743-2748
• /
• 2014

The research was conducted to understand the correlation between sensory processing ability and safe driving behavior of over 65. Questionnaires regarding sensory processing ability and safe driving behavior were given to 31 people who are in their 65 or over and Pearson Correlation Analysis was carried out on the survey. The result of the research indicates that there is interrelationship between total score of sensory processing ability and safe driving behavior, and sub factors. According to the findings, over 65 showed certain difficulties in sensory processing ability and safe driving behavior due to aging. Therefore, it would be necessary to evaluate their driving behavior and arbitrate appropriate operation therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.82-91
• /
• 2019

Objective: This experiment was conducted to compare the structure and composition of ruminal microorganisms in goats with high and low neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility. Methods: Nineteen crossbred goats were used as experimental animals and fed the same total mixed rations during the 30-day pre-treatment and 6-day digestion trialperiods. All faeces were collected during the digestion period for measuring the NDF digestibility. Then, high and the low NDF digestibility individuals were chosen for the high NDF digestibility group (HFD) and low NDF digestibility group (LFD), respectively. Rumen contents were collected for total microbial DNA extraction. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified using universal primers of bacteria and sequenced using high-throughput sequencer. The sequences were mainly analysed by QIIME 1.8.0. Results: A total of 18,694 operational taxonomic units were obtained, within 81.98% belonged to bacteria, 6.64% belonged to archaea and 11.38% was unassigned microorganisms. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant microbial phyla in both groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of fifteen microorganisms were significantly higher (p<0.05) and six microorganisms were extremely significantly higher (p<0.01) in LFD than HFD. Overall, 176 core shared genera were identified in the two groups. The relative abundance of 2 phyla, 5 classes, 10 orders, 13 families and 15 genera had a negative correlation with NDF digestibility, but only the relative abundance of Pyramidobacter had a positive correlation with NDF digestibility. Conclusion: There were substantial differences in NDF digestibility among the individual goats, and the NDF digestibility had significant correlation with the relative abundance of some ruminal microorganisms.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 2023

Background: The safe use of medication in children is important, as it can have significant implications for their health and wellbeing. Parents or caregivers play a crucial role in the medication administration process. Therefore, this study would evaluate the needs and current status (knowledge, attitude, and practice) of caregivers for children on the safe use of medication. Methods: We conducted questionnaires on 150 caregivers with children under nine years old and asked about their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the safe use of medication and their needs. Each question was conducted on a 5-point scale. Results: Of the 150 respondents, 128 were women, 75 were in their 30s, and 63 were in their 40s. Among them, 29 parents answered that they had been educated about the safe use of medicines, and 26 (84%) were satisfied with the education. Knowledge, attitude, and practice assessments on drug safety use (mean±SD) were found to be 3.83±0.44, 3.67±0.38, and 3.53±0.45, respectively. There were significant differences between the educated group and the uneducated group in knowledge and practice, not attitude. Conclusion:To provide appropriate education to caregivers of pediatric patients is necessary to ensure the safe and effective use of medication in children. Moreover, appropriate education can improve caregivers' understanding of medication use and lead to proper administration. Therefore, it is imperative to develop educational materials and strategies for medications that incorporate both specialized knowledge and practical applications for pediatric patients.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2017

Although laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is considered as minimally invasive surgery, an advanced level of laparoscopic skill is still required. LPD comprises various procedures including reconstruction. Therefore, establishment of a safe approach at each step is needed. Prevention of intraoperative bleeding is the most important factor in safe completion of LPD. The establishment of effective retraction methods is also important at each site to prevent vascular injury. I also recommend the "uncinate process first" approach during initial cases of LPD, in which the branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery are dissected first, at points where they enter the uncinate process. This approach is performed at the left side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) before isolating the pancreatic head from the right aspect of the SMA, which allows safe dissection without bleeding. Safe and reliable reconstruction is also important to prevent postoperative complications. Laparoscopic pancreatojejunostomy requires highly skilled suturing technique. Pancreatojejunostomy through a small abdominal incision, as in hybrid-LPD, facilitates reconstruction. In LPD, the surgical view is limited. Therefore, we must carefully verify the position of the pancreaticobiliary limb. A twisted mesentery may cause severe congestion of the pancreaticobiliary limb following reconstruction, resulting in severe complications. We must secure the appropriate position of the pancreaticobiliary limb before starting reconstruction. We describe the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications and appropriate technique for safe performance of LPD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.503-508
• /
• 2018

Objective : Anterior odontoid screw fixation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of odontoid fractures. The surgical technique is recommended for perforation of the apical cortex of the dens by the lag screw. However, overpenetration of the apical cortex may lead to potentially serious complications such as damages of adjacent vascular and neural structures. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan to evaluate the safe margin beyond dens tip to ventral dura for anterior odontoid screw fixation. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the three-dimensional CT scans of the cervical spines in 55 consecutive patients at our trauma center. The patients included 38 males and 17 females aged between 22 and 73 years (mean age${\pm}$standard deviation, $45.8{\pm}14.2years$). Using sagittal images of 3-dimensional CT scan, the safe margins beyond dens tip to ventral dura as well as the appropriate screw length were measured. Results : The mean width of the apical dens tip was $9.6{\pm}1.1mm$. The mean lengths from the screw entry point to the apical dens tip and posterior end of dens tip were $39.2{\pm}2.6mm$ and $36.6{\pm}2.4mm$. The safe margin beyond apical dens tip to ventral dura was $7.7{\pm}1.7mm$. However, the safe margin beyond the posterior end of dens tip to ventral dura was decreased to $2.1{\pm}3.2mm$, which was statistically significant (p<0.01). There were no significant differences of safe margins beyond dens tip to ventral dura with patient gender and age. Conclusion : Extension by several millimeters beyond the dens tip is safe, if the trajectory of anterior odontoid screw is targeted at the apical dens tip. However, if the trajectory of the screw is targeted to the posterior end of dens tip, extension beyond dens tip may lead to damage immediately adjacent to the vental dura mater.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2020

The development in smartphone technology has brought convenience to the life of the mankind, but an excessive use of smartphones sometimes causes various accidents. This research tried to propose an application service 'Smombie Safe Go' UI(User Interface) that allows the prevention of such accident while using smartphones when walking. For this, after research and user observations, produced walker journey maps and derived necessary main functions needed for safety, and the result showed that transparent interface, obstacle location alert, warning of dangers functions were necessary. To make the contents of the service more detailed, hazardous situations faced during smartphone use when walking were classified into 3 situations : 1. Obstacle appearing in front, 2. traffic lights on crosswalks 3. No traffic lights on crosswalks. Scenarios by hazardous situation were written, and the flow and UI of the app service that warns its users in each situation of hazards were designed. it is predicted that 'Smombie Safe Go' may be possible to be utilized as an app service that provides a safe walking experience for not only regular pedestrians but also the blind population.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to provide information about safe actions during the practice of dental technology, promote belief in safe actions among the students of dental technology, and reinforce their knowledge about how to act safety. Methods: Open questions were asked to 120 sophomores majoring dental technology to understand the target group's belief about safe actions. Following the instructions by Ajzen & Fishbein, the collected data were grouped according to similar beliefs. Those beliefs of the highest frequency were given a priority and got to represent the belief level of the target group. Even with belief changes, however, they would not be able to practice safe actions if they had no knowledge about how to do safe actions. For desirable behavioral changes among the students, the students were then asked to discuss the current state of safety accidents and issues focusing on the materials and processes used in the practice and give presentations regarding the subjects to identify risk factors. Then the identified risk factors were used to devise the program contents so that the students could practice safe actions through accurate behavioral approaches and belief changes by educating them about how to act safely by the practice processes and the involved materials and devices. Results: Not only do the students of Dept. of Dental Technicians have difficulties with the complex practice processes while practicing to make dental prosthesis, but they are exposed to the risk of accidents as they're poor at dealing with the materials and devices. Although there is a definite need for accident prevention education programs before practice, the reality is that the school doesn't the schoosuch education. Based on the judgment that an education program designed to reinforce belief for behavioral changes would generate effgrams results, an education program was developed by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB). Along with their beliefs, the current state of accidents n. Basepractice, demand for safety education, and practice level of safe actions were used to device the contents of accident prevention education and to develop an accident prevention education program for dental technology. Conclusion: The study presents an accident prevention education program developed to reinforce dental technology students' beliefs and knowledge and to help them do safe actions during practice.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.400-416
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find ways to improve education about safe medication use by investigating the current status of medication use by middle and high school students, and by evaluating their knowledge, attitudes, practices and education needs toward safe medication use. For this purpose, a survey was administered to 200 middle and high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Over the past year, 92.0% and 57.5% of respondents used over-the counter drugs and prescription drugs at least one time, respectively. Regarding the experience of education on safe medication use, 34.0% of respondents have been educated more than once since their admission to middle school. The overall mean score of knowledge·attitude·practice (KAP) toward safe medication use was 3.79, but the mean score of practice scope was relatively lower than the others. Moreover, there were no significant differences in KAP scores for safe medication use by school grade or educational experience. Based on these findings, we suggest further studies regarding 1) expansion and differentiation of education content on safe medication use, 2) transition of education method to outcome-based education approach, and 3) inclusion of education on safe medication use in the regular curriculum of middle and high schools.