• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1987

Evaluation method of crude drug preparations was studied in Saengmaek-san. Zig-zag TLC scanning profiles and high performance liquid chromatograms were obtained from Saengmaek-san and its each crude drug. A method using TLC densitometry and high performance liquid chromatography was established for the precise determination of ginsenoside $Rb_1$ in Saengmaek-san containing Ginseng Radix. Consequently, ginsenosicle $Rb_1$ content was 0.45-0.48 mg per g of Saengmaek-san. This method was found to be useful for the quality evaluation of oriental medicinal preparations.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.520-530
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• 2017

Objectives: Gastro-esophageal reflux-induced chronic cough is not easy to diagnose and treat. In this study, three patients diagnosed with this disease were treated with Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san. Methods: Three patients with chronic cough, suspected to be gastro-esophageal and reflux-based, were diagnosed according to symptoms and abdominal examinations. They were treated with the herbal medicine, Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, a visual analogue scale (VAS) for measuring the severity of a cough and the Korean version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ-K) were used to determine the patients' quality of life. Results: After administration of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san, the severity of the patients' coughing decreased based on VAS scores and quality of life improved based on LCQ-K scores for all patients. Conclusions: Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san is a potent therapeutic agent for gastro-esophageal reflux-induced chronic cough.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33-51
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the protective effect of Saengmaek-san (SM) on UVB-induced HaCaT cell damage. Methods: The protective effects of Saengmaek-san(SM) were determined by UVB-induced HaCaT assay. We assessed protective effects of Saengmaek-san (SM) on LDH release and nitrite release from HaCaT. And COX-2, Bcl-2, Bax, $TNF{\alpha}$, c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB, iNOS, Bcl-xL gene expression were determined in HaCaT using real-time PCR method. Results: 1. SM inhibited LDH-release, nitrite production in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 2. SM suppressed the gene expression of COX-2, $TNF{\alpha}$ in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 3. SM increased the gene expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL family protein in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 4. SM suppressed the gene expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB in UVB-exposed HaCaT. Conclusions: The study showed SM inhibited the cell damage in UVB-exposed HaCaT.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objective : This study is purposed to report 2 cases of cancer patient whose symptoms related to radiation pneumonitis had been controlled with Saengmaek-san treatment. Methods : A 56-year-old female rectal cancer patient was prescribed with Saengmaek-san due to the symptoms which had developed 4 weeks after the completion of her radiotherapy session in both lungs. Her chief complaints were shortness of breath, dry cough and fatigue. Another case, 53-year-old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, had also developed symptoms of fatigue, weight loss and dry cough after his radiotherapy session in left upper lung zone. Radiological changes of both patients' chest X-ray suggested radiation pneumonitis. Results : Symptoms of the female patient were improved, especially shortness of breath, after Saengmaek-san treatment, without any aggravation in her chest X-ray result. However, infiltrative opacity in the left upper lung zone of the male patient was aggravated despite the improvement of his clinical symptoms. His remaining symptoms and radiological change were effectively controlled after steroid therapy. Conclusion : Seangmaek-san may be considered as a potential treatment for symptoms related to radiation pneumonitis with proper monitoring.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish experimental evidence for the antimicrobial effects of 51 herbal formulae commonly used in traditional Korean medical institutions. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of herbal formulae were screened using the disc diffusion method against 10 pathogenic microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli DH5α, E. coli O157, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, and Helicobacter pylori). Of the 51 herbal formulae, 13 herbal formulae with antimicrobial activity were selected and their dose-dependency were confirmed. Results: Nine herbal formulae, including Gyeji-tang, Dangguisu-san, Saengmaek-san, Samul-tang, Ssanghwa-tang, Socheongryong-tang, Yukmijihwang-tang, Jakyakgamcho-tang, and Paljung-san, presented antibacterial activity against B. cereus. The effects of Saengmaek-san and Paljung-san was sustained for 48 hr. On L. monocytogenes, Dangguisu-san and Hyangsapyeongwi-san showed antimicrobial activity, but only Hyangsapyeongwi-san maintained the activity for 48 hr. Thirteen herbal formulae such as Galgeun-tang, Gyeji-tang, Dangguisu-san, Mahwang-tang, Banhasasim-tang, Saengmaek-san, Socheongryong-tang, Yukmijihwang-tang, Jakyakgamcho-tang, Cheonwangbosim-dan, Palmijihwang-tang, Paljung-san, and Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang showed antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus, and the activity was maintained for 48 hr. The 51 herbal formulae did not show any antimicrobial activity against seven strains such as E. coli DH5α, E. coli O157, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, Y. enterocolitica, S. flexneri, and H. pylori. Conclusions: Nine, two, and thirteen herbal formulae showed antimicrobial activities against B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, and V. parahaemolyticus in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity of 51 herbal formulae against 10 microorganisms might be used as the basis for new application of herbal formulae.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2015

Objective : Saengmaek-san (SM) has been commonly used in Korea to treat various diseases that involve the respiratory and cardiovascular system. However, to date, the mechanism underlying the effects of osteoclasts differentiation of SM has not been clearly understood. Method : To evaluate the effect of SM on osteoclast differentiation, we induced RAW 264.7 cells to be differentiated to osteoclasts by RANKL, and we performed RT-PCR to measure gene expression. Results : SM decreased the number of TRAP(+) MNCs in RANKL-induced osteoclast. SM decreased the expression of MMP-9, cathepsin K1, TRAP, NFATc1, MITF, and COX-2 in the osteoclast. But SM increased the expression of iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in osteoclast. Conclusion : It is concluded that SM might decrease the bone resorption resulted from decrease of osteoclast differentiation and it's related gene expression.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2016

Objectives This paper was aimed to review the preceding research on the origins, changes and constructive principle of Taeeumjowi-tang.Methods We reviewed Jema Lee's original works including Dongyisusebowon and relevant books to analyze Taeeumjowi-tang-related items. To compensate insufficient evidence of literature, we also refocued physiological and pathological pecularities of Taeeumin and relevant symptomatology.Results and Conclusions 1) The origins of Taeeumjowi-tang should be Mahwang-tang, Saengmaek-san, Seokchangpowonji-san, and Gondam-san. 2) Taeeumjowi-tang went through Saengmaek-san, Sanyakhwawi-jeon, Bopyesaengmaek-tang, Gilgyungsaengmaek-san, and Bopyewon-tang before it was built as the final version. 3) Taeeumjowi-tang consists of a) big blue lilyturf (麥門冬) and Omija (五味子) which are directly of help to exhale and disperse qi-fluid of Lung, b) balloon-flower (桔梗) which helps circulation of qi-fluid from Head to Lung, c) adlay (薏苡仁) and dry nut (乾栗) which are directly of help to raise up qi-fluid of Wiwan, d) ephedra (麻黃) which helps circulation of qi-fluid from Wiwan to skin, e) calamus (石菖蒲) which directly helps the psychological function of Ear, and f) radish seed (蘿葍子) which slightly eliminate the excessive function of Small intestine, treating Wiwanhan symptomatology in Taeeumin.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this case study was to report the clinical improvement of Long COVID(cough, sore throat) treated with Korean herbal medicine(Hyunggaeyungyo-tang and Saengmaek-san). Methods: To assess the treatment outcomes, I used the Visual analogue scale(VAS) to evaluate sore throat degree, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire Korean version(LCQ-K). Results: After treatments, cough and sore throat were significantly improved with VAS and LCQ-K. Conclusion: The Korean herbal medicine was effective in the treatment of patient who suffers Long COVID. This study suggested the possibility of Korean herbal medicine treatment for Long COVID.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : Korean national health insurance data is a useful real-world data representing whole medical bills submitted to Health Insurance Review Agency. This study aims to understand recent benefit trend of insurance herbal preparations for treating bronchiectasis(disease code J47) utilizing insurance data. Methods : We reviewed national health insurance claims data from 2013 to 2017 which have main diagnosis or sub diagnosis code of J47 and with the record of prescribing insurance herbal medication. Frequency analysis was performed to analyze the most frequently prescribed prescription. Results & Conclusions : Both the number of claims statement(770 to 1,746cases) and patients(266 to 484) of insurance herbal preparations increased considerably from 2013 to 2017. Top 10 preparations based on the number of claims statement were 'Samso-eum', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Socheongryong-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', 'Yijin-tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Ojeok-san' and 'Gungha-tang'. Top 10 preparations based on the number of patients were 'Samso-eum', 'Socheongryong-Tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Haengso-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', Yijin-tang', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang' and 'Hyeonggaeyeongyo-tang' in respectiv order. Claims of top 10 frequent preparations occupied more than 60% of total claims. We hope this finding to be utilized as basic data for future research of evidence-based bronchiectasis treatment utilizing Korean traditional medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Objectives: To establish the expiration date of herbal decoction pouch, the change in antimicrobial activities was measured according to storage temperature and period. Methods: Five herbal formulas, Gyeji-tang, Jakyakgamcho-tang, Saengmaek-san, Paljung-san, and Dangguisu-san, with antimicrobial activity were selected from 51 herbal formulas commonly used in traditional Korean medical institutions. Five herbal formula decoction pouches were prepared and stored at room temperature (RT) or 4℃ from 0 to 12 weeks to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, or Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the disk diffusion method (disk size: 10 mm). Results: The decoction pouches of Gyeji-tang and Jakyakgamcho-tang maintained antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus from week 0 (14 mm) to week 12 (14 mm) at both temperatures. Saengmaek-san pouch had antimicrobial activities against V. parahaemolyticus and B. cereus from week 0 (19 mm and 20 mm) to week 12 (both 18 mm), respectively. At RT and 4℃, the antimicrobial activity of Paljung-san pouch was maintained week 0 (17 mm) to week 12 (both 13 mm) against B. cereus. Against L. monocytogenes, the antimicrobial activity of Dangguisu-san pouch showed 27 mm at week 0 and 23 mm (RT) and 24 mm (4℃) at week 12, respectively. Conclusion: According to increase of the storage duration, the antimicrobial activities of 5 herbal formula decoction pouches decreased slightly but remained up to 12 weeks. These results can be used as important data to establish the expiration date of herbal formula decoction pouches.